| 81. |
- Lennell, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol-based hand-disinfection reduced children's absence from Swedish day care centers
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - Oslo : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 97:12, s. 1672-1680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To determine if the use of alcohol-based hand-disinfection as a complement to regular hand washing at daycare centers (DCCs) can reduce the childhood rate of absenteeism. Methods: Children aged 0–6 years attending DCC were studied in a cluster randomized controlled trial during 30 weeks. Thirty matched pairs of DCCs were included in the study, where one of the DCCs was randomized to intervention and the other to control within each pair. The intervention consisted in children and staff using alcohol-based oily disinfectant gel containing 70% ethanol after regular hand washing. The main outcome was the rate of episodes of absence from DCC due to infection. A regression model was fitted at the individual level and controlling several possible confounders for illness. Absences were reported by the parents. Results: Differences in missing absence reports between the two groups led to only evaluating those 29 DCCs (1431 children) that were able to provide complete reports. In the multivariate regression, the intervention significantly reduced the rate of absenteeism of a child by 12% compared to a child in a control DCC (IRR 95% CI: 0.799–0.965).
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| 82. |
- Lindqvist, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Informal home caregiving in a gender perspective : A selected literature review
- 2004
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Ingår i: Vård i Norden. - 0107-4083 .- 1890-4238. ; 24:4, s. 26-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An informal home caregiver is a person (family member or friends) who takes care of or participates to some degree in the care of a person in the home. This study provides a selected review of literature published 1982-2003 of the informal home caregiving from a gender perspective. A computer-aided search using MEDLINE and CINAHL was carried out. The final number of articles was 45. The main findings were that there are differences in informal caregiving due to gender. Gender differences were found in categories such as affected lifeworld, health problems, managing ability and caregivers experience from caring for a care receiver with different diseases. It is of importance that the informal caregiver is involved in the planning and that a planning act takes place. If society involves the informal home caregiver we can avoid the caregiver being the hidden victim of illness and disability. It is known that burdensome caregiving can result in encroachment due to exhaustion.
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| 83. |
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| 84. |
- Magnusson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of dentifrices with antimicrobial agents on mutans streptococci in saliva and approximal dental plaque in orthodontic patients.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Oral health & preventive dentistry. - 1602-1622. ; 5:3, s. 223-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of daily use of fluoride dentifrices containing various antimicrobial agents on mutans streptococci (MS) in saliva and approximal dental plaque. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-nine healthy adolescents, 12-14 years old, undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and harbouring high levels of MS in saliva and preferably also in interdental plaque, were randomly distributed into four groups, using dentifrices with: 1) zinc lactate (n = 16), 2) amine fluoride-stannous fluoride (n = 13), 3) triclosan (n = 15), and 4) no antimicrobial agent (control; n = 15). Changes of MS scores versus baseline were determined after 1, 3 and 6 months, using the Dentocult SM Strip mutans test. RESULTS: At the 6-month sampling occasion, the subjects using dentifrice with either amine fluoride-stannous fluoride or triclosan showed a tendency to lower MS scores in interdental plaque (p < 0.05). In saliva and in the 1- and 3-month plaque samples, no changes of MS were detected in any of the four groups. CONCLUSION: This 6-month clinical study showed that dentifrices with various antimicrobial agents only result in small or no changes of the MS scores in saliva and approximal dental plaque in orthodontic patients.
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| 85. |
- Mejare, I. A., et al.
(författare)
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Estimates of sensitivity and specificity of electric pulp testing depend on pulp disease spectrum: a modelling study
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Endodontic Journal. - : Wiley. - 0143-2885 .- 1365-2591. ; 48:1, s. 74-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To demonstrate how the spectrum of diseased pulps may influence sensitivity and specificity in diagnostic studies on pulp status. Methodology An original sample from a previous study consisting of 59 teeth scheduled for root canal treatment was used where the relationship between the response to electric pulp testing and the visual status of the pulp was evaluated. To alter the spectrum of diseased pulps, a hypothetical sample of asymptomatic teeth with deep caries lesions was added to the original sample. Sensitivity and specificity were then compared for the two samples. Results In the original sample of 59 teeth, sensitivity was 72% and specificity 90%. When the spectrum of diseased pulps was altered, sensitivity decreased to 67% and specificity increased to 97%. The change in disease spectrum also decreased the prevalence of necrotic pulps. Conclusions The spectrum of diseased pulps included in a diagnostic study on the accuracy of electric pulp testing, and indirectly also disease prevalence (here pulp necrosis), influences estimates of sensitivity and specificity. This implies that estimates of diagnostic accuracy from one study with a particular tooth population spectrum may not apply to another tooth population with a different disease spectrum.
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| 86. |
- Mogren, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal height and risk of caesarean section in singleton births in Sweden D-A population-based study using data from the Swedish Pregnancy Register 2011 to 2016
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 13:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Caesarean section (CS) has short and long term adverse health consequences, and should therefore only be undertaken when necessary. Risk factors such as maternal age, maternal body mass index (BMI) and fetal weight have been extensively investigated in relation to CS, but the significance of maternal height has been less explored in Sweden. The aim was to investigate the significance of maternal height on risk of CS in a representative, population-based sample from Sweden, also taking into account confounders. Data on singleton births in the Swedish Pregnancy Register 2011 to 2016 were collected, including women with heights of 140 cm and above, constituting a sample of 581,844 women. Data were analysed with epidemiological and biostatistical methods. Mean height was 166.1 cm. Women born outside Sweden were significantly shorter than women born in Sweden (162.8 cm vs. 167.1 cm, p < 0.001). There was a decreasing risk of CS with increasing maternal height. This effect remained after adjustment for other risk factors for CS such as maternal age, BMI, gestational age, parity, high birth weight and country of birth. Frequency of CS was higher among women born outside Sweden compared with Swedish-born women (17.3% vs. 16.0%), however, in a multiple regression model country of birth outside Sweden diminished as a risk factor for CS. Maternal height of 178-179 cm was associated with the lowest risk of CS (OR = 0.76, CI95% 0.71-0.81), whereas height below 160 cm explained 7% of CS cases. BMI and maternal age are established factors involved in clinical assessments related to birth, and maternal height should increasingly enjoy a similar status in these considerations. Moreover, when healthcare professionals are counselling pregnant women, taller stature should be more emphasized as a positive indicator for successful vaginal birth to increase pregnant women's confidence in giving birth vaginally, with possible positive impacts for lowering CS rates.
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| 87. |
- Munkombwe, Wisdom Muleya, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses’ experiences of providing nonpharmacological pain management in palliative care : A qualitative study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 29:9-10, s. 1643-1652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim and objectives: To explore the experiences and views of nurses who provide nonpharmacological therapies for chronic pain management in palliative care. Background: Nursing expertise in palliative care is essential in providing pain relief to patients with chronic diseases. Examinations of the use of nonpharmacological therapies for chronic pain management in palliative care have revealed what nonpharmacological therapies have been used, but there is insufficient knowledge regarding nurses’ attitudes, views and experiences regarding pain therapies in this context. Design: A qualitative descriptive design was chosen. Methods: Data were collected through individual interviews in a purposive sample with 15 nurses to ensure maximum variation. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. This study aligns with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist. Results: The analysis yielded four categories, as follows: “building and sustaining favourable therapeutic relationships” involved the creation of trust and a solid relationship; in “recognising the diversity of patients’ needs,” person-centred care is expressed as being vital for individualised nonpharmacological pain management; “incorporating significant others” describes how nurses can help to ease the patient's pain by identifying positive encounters with family members or friends; and in “recognising the existence of barriers,” nurses highlight vulnerable groups such as children, for whom nurses require special education to enable optimal nonpharmacological pain management. Conclusion: The unique knowledge that nurses gain about the patient through the nurse–patient relationship is central and crucial for successful nonpharmacological pain management. Relevance to clinical practice: This study emphasises the need for nurses to get to know their patient and to be open and sensitive to patients’ descriptions of their unique life situations, as this provides the necessary knowledge for optimal care and pain management. Nurses should be encouraged and given the opportunity to attend specialised training in palliative care and pain management.
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| 88. |
- Nilses, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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High weight gain during pregnancy increases the risk for emergency caesarean section - Population-based data from the Swedish Maternal Health Care Register 2011-2012
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 11, s. 47-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to investigate maternal background factors' significance in relation to risk of elective and emergency caesarean sections (CS) in Sweden.Study design: Population-based, retrospective, cross-sectional study. The Swedish Maternal Health Care Register (MHCR) is a national quality register that collects data on pregnancy, delivery and postpartum period. All women registered in MHCR 2011 to 2012 were included in the study sample (N = 178,716).Main outcomes: The risk of elective and emergency caesarean section in relation to age, parity, education, country of origin, weight in early pregnancy and weight gain during pregnancy was calculated in logistic regression models.Results: Multiparous women demonstrated a doubled risk of elective CS compared to primiparous women, but their risk for emergency CS was halved. Overweight and obesity at enrolment in antenatal care increased the risk for emergency CS, irrespective of parity. Weight gain above recommended international levels (Institute of Medicine, IOM) during pregnancy increased the risk for emergency CS for women with normal weight, overweight or obesity.Conclusion: There is a need of national guidelines on recommended weight gain during pregnancy in Sweden. We suggest that the usefulness of the IOM guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy should be evaluated in the Swedish context.
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| 89. |
- Nilsson, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Interactive Behaviors Induced by a Therapy Dog and Her Handler on the Physiology of Residents in Nursing Homes : An Exploratory Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Anthrozoos. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0892-7936 .- 1753-0377. ; 37:2, s. 323-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate interactive behaviors performed between residents at nursing homes and a therapy dog and her handler and explore if they influenced residents’ physiological variables such as fingertip temperature, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The therapy dog–handler team visited 12 older people at three nursing homes for 60 min twice a week during a four-week period. The visits were videotaped, and the duration of interactive behaviors was recorded. The physiological variables were measured before (0 min) and after (60 min) the interaction between the residents and the dog–handler team, and the delta value was calculated. The interactive behaviors during the first two and the last two weeks were as follows: the resident looking at the dog (799 and 697 s/h), the resident in physical contact with the dog (183 and 109 s/h, p < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), the resident playing with the dog (123 and 126 s/h), the resident talking with others (559 and 511 s/h), and the dog handler having physical contact with the resident (822 and 764 s/h). The mean values for fingertip temperature, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not differ significantly between the first and two last weeks (paired t-test). However, the delta values varied largely between the different residents. The more physical contact the residents had with the dog handler, the more the fingertip temperature increased (p < 0.05, mixed linear model). The duration of physical contact between the residents and the dog tended to be associated with an increased fingertip temperature (p < 0.1). Furthermore, the more the residents were in verbal contact with the dog handler, the more their heart rate decreased (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate some associations between specific interactive behaviors and physiological changes in residents in connection with visits by a dog–handler team.
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| 90. |
- Nilsson, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Interacting With a Visiting Dog Increases Fingertip Temperature in Elderly Residents of Nursing Homes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether interacting with a visiting dog influences fingertip temperature and cortisol levels in residents living in nursing homes for the elderly. The study included two groups, the dog group (n = 13) and the control group (n = 11–15) and lasted for 8 weeks for the dog group and 6 weeks for the control group. All participants were residents living at nursing homes for the elderly. The researchers visited small groups of the participants twice weekly during the entire study in both the dog and the control group. The visiting dog and the dog handler accompanied the researchers during weeks 3–6. Fingertip temperature was measured and saliva samples for cortisol determination were collected at 0, 20 and 60 min for the dog group and at 0 and 20 min for the control group. For analysis the study was divided into periods; Period 1 (week 1–2), Period 2 (week 3–4), Period 3 (week 5–6) and Period 4 (week 7–8, only the dog group). Mean values based on all data obtained at 0 and 20 min during period 1–3 were compared between groups. A second, separate analysis for the dog group also included data from 60 min and for period 4. For the dog group fingertip temperature increased significantly between period 1 and 2, 1 and 3 and 1 and 4 (p < 0.05). In addition, fingertip temperature rose significantly between 0 and 20 min and between 0 and 60 min within all periods. For the control group a significant decrease in fingertip temperature was observed between period 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). Fingertip temperature did not differ between the two groups during period 1, but was significantly higher for the dog group than for the control group during periods 2 and 3 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Cortisol results are only presented descriptively due to that many samples had too low volume of saliva to be analyzed. In the present study interaction between elderly residents and a visiting dog resulted in increased fingertip temperature, probably reflecting a decrease in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and therefore a decrease in stress levels.
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