| 1. |
- Madalla, Noel, et al.
(författare)
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Yield stability of East African highland cooking banana ‘Matooke’ hybrids
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. - 0003-1062 .- 2327-9788. ; 147, s. 334–348-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- East African banana (Musa sp.) breeding efforts have focused mainly on enhancing ‘Matooke’ productivity through the development of high-yielding, pathogen-resistant cultivars with adequate stability to contribute to regional food security. Before a breeding program can recommend promising cultivars for release, they must pass the sensory screens; be evaluated in the target population environments; and the data analyzed for yield, adaptability, and stability. Twenty-four primary and secondary triploid hybrids [NARITA (N)] derived from ‘Matooke’ bananas, six triploid local ‘Matooke’ cultivars, and one exotic cultivar were evaluated for their yield, adaptability, and stability across the East African region at three highland sites in Uganda’s western and central regions, as well as at three sites in Tanzania’s northeastern and southern highlands regions, from 2016–19. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was used for multisite trials. The mixed-model restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction approach, along with additive main effect multiplicative interaction model biplots, were used to dissect and visualize genotype-byenvironment patterns. Following the likelihood ratio test, both genotype and interaction effects were highly significant, confirming the influence of genotype and site heterogeneity for selecting specific and broadly adapted cultivars. N23 had the greatest yield across all sites associated with adaptability and stability, outperforming the overall mean yield of all genotypes by 34.2%. In Tanzania, N27 (second), N7 (third), N18 (fourth), N4 (fifth), N12 (sixth), and N13 (seventh); and in Uganda, N17 (second), N18 (third), N2 (fourth), N8 (fifth), N13 (sixth), N12 (seventh), N4 (eighth), and N24 (ninth) demonstrated good adaptability and stability, as well as high yield. Furthermore, the fungal pathogen Pseudocercospora fijiensis had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on yield, stability, and adaptability of the hybrids. As a result, they can be introduced into areas where black leaf streak constrains banana production significantly and threatens farmers’ livelihoods. The average site yield potential ranged from 9.7 to 24.3 t⋅ha–1 per year. The best discriminating sites for testing breeding clones were Lyamungo in Tanzania and Sendusu in Uganda. Hence, these testing sites are recommended as ideal examples of locations for selecting superior genotypes.
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| 2. |
- Parkkinen, Jyrki, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of cyclic hydrostatic pressure on proteoglycan synthesis in cultured chondrocytes and articular cartilage explants.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. - : Elsevier. - 0003-9861 .- 1096-0384. ; 300:1, s. 458-465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary chondrocyte cell cultures and explants of bovine articular cartilage were subjected to cyclic hydrostatic pressure in a novel computer-controlled pressure chamber designed for this purpose. The cultures were labeled with 5 microCi/ml 35SO4 and simultaneously pressurized with 5 MPa load for 1.5 or 20 h with pressure cycles of 0.0167, 0.05, 0.25, and 0.5 Hz. The chondrocyte cell cultures were also subjected to 0.0082 and 0.0034 Hz cycles. Sulfate incorporation was significantly inhibited in cell cultures subjected to the 0.5, 0.25, or 0.05 Hz cyclic loads for 1.5 h, but stimulated in explant cultures with a 0.5 Hz cyclic 1.5-h load. Chondrocyte cultures subjected to longer (20 h) loading showed a stimulation of sulfate incorporation with 0.5 and 0.25 Hz cycles, but an inhibition with 0.0167 Hz. The results indicate that cyclic hydrostatic pressures of presumably physiological magnitude have significant influences on proteoglycan synthesis in articular cartilage chondrocytes. Comparison of the cell and explant cultures under identical pressure conditions suggested that chondrocyte interactions with extracellular matrix are involved in this regulation by cyclic hydrostatic pressure. The responses of the chondrocytes to pressurization also varied according to the total length of the treatment, a finding compatible with the idea of multiple metabolic steps in chondrocytes, both pre- and post-translational, controlled by the ambient hydrostatic pressure.
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| 3. |
- Naureen, Shagufta, et al.
(författare)
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Carrier dynamics in InP nanopillar arrays fabricated by low-damage etching
- 2013
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 102:21, s. 212106-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a comprehensive characterization of the optical quality of InP nanopillars (NPs) fabricated by a top down approach using micro-photoluminescence (mu-PL), time-resolved PL, and cathodoluminescence (CL). A lattice matched InGaAs layer provided beneath the 1 mu m tall NPs functions as a "detector" in CL for monitoring carrier diffusion in InP NP. Carrier feeding to the InGaAs layer indicated by a double exponential PL decay is confirmed through CL mapping. Carrier lifetimes of over 1 ns and the appreciably long diffusion lengths (400-700 nm) in the InP NPs indicate very low surface damage making them attractive for optoelectronic applications.
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| 4. |
- Pozina, Galia, et al.
(författare)
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Time-resolved spectroscopy of strained GaN/AIN/6H-SiC heterostructures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
- 2001
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 78:8, s. 1062-1064
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temperature-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence measurements were performed on GaN film/AlN buffer/6H-SiC substrate heterostructures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The overlying GaN layers were under tension, as estimated from the free A exciton (FEA) position. The recombination lifetimes were determined for the FEA and for the neutral-donor-bound exciton (D0X). We observed that the recombination lifetime for the FEA has the same value of 40-50 ps in all the layers, whereas the recombination time for the D0X varies for different samples. We observed that the recombination lifetimes for D0X have a clear dependence on the position of FEA, i.e., the recombination lifetime increases with decreasing strain in the layers. We discuss the results in term of the hole states involved in the donor-bound exciton recombination. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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| 5. |
- Sekretaryova, Alina, et al.
(författare)
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Total phenol analysis of weakly supported water using a laccase-based microband biosensor.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 907, s. 45-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The monitoring of phenolic compounds in wastewaters in a simple manner is of great importance for environmental control. Here, a novel screen printed laccase-based microband array for in situ, total phenol estimation in wastewaters and for water quality monitoring without additional sample pre-treatment is presented. Numerical simulations using the finite element method were utilized for the characterization of micro-scale graphite electrodes. Anodization followed by covalent modification was used for the electrode functionalization with laccase. The functionalization efficiency and the electrochemical performance in direct and catechol-mediated oxygen reduction were studied at the microband laccase electrodes and compared with macro-scale electrode structures. The reduction of the dimensions of the enzyme biosensor, when used under optimized conditions, led to a significant improvement in its analytical characteristics. The elaborated microsensor showed fast responses towards catechol additions to tap water – a weakly supported medium – characterized by a linear range from 0.2 to 10 μM, a sensitivity of 1.35 ± 0.4 A M−1 cm−2 and a dynamic range up to 43 μM. This enhanced laccase-based microsensor was used for water quality monitoring and its performance for total phenol analysis of wastewater samples from different stages of the cleaning process was compared to a standard method.
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| 6. |
- Shah, Furqan A.
(författare)
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Characterization of Synthetic Hydroxyapatite Fibers Using High-Resolution, Polarized Raman Spectroscopy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Spectroscopy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0003-7028 .- 1943-3530. ; 75:4, s. 475-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Raman spectrum of B-type carbonated apatites, the nu(1)CO(3)(2-)mode (at similar to 1070 cm(-1)) overlaps the nu(3)PO(4)(3-)band. The latter is readily observed where the CO(3)(2-)content is low (up to similar to 3 wt%). The CO(3)(2-)content of bone is considerably higher (similar to 7-9 wt%). As a result, the nu(3)PO(4)(3-)band becomes completely obscured. The 1000-1100 cm(-1)spectral range of carbonated apatite is frequently considered a combined nu(3)PO(4)(3-)and nu(1)CO(3)(2-)region. Here, high-resolution polarized Raman spectroscopy (step size of 0.74 +/- 0.04 cm(-1)) provides new insights into synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) obtained as micrometer-sized fibers. Compared to bone mineral (deproteinized bovine bone), spectral features of HAp fibers are highly resolved. In particular, the nu(3)PO(4)(3-)band resolves into nine distinct sub-components: 1028, 1032, 1040, 1043, 1047, 1053, 1055, 1062, and 1076 cm(-1). Parameters including full width half-maximum, intensity, area fraction, intensity ratio, and area fraction ratio vary between parallel and perpendicular polarized configurations. It is likely that the nu(1)CO(3)(2-)band of B-type carbonated apatites may contain a small but not insignificant contribution from the 1076 cm(-1)sub-component of the nu(3)PO(4)(3-)band. Furthermore, the 1076 cm(-1)/1047 cm(-1)ratio changes between parallel and perpendicular scattering configurations, suggesting that the contribution of the 1076 cm(-1)sub-component may vary as a function of local orientation of bone mineral, thus skewing the nu(1)CO(3)(2-)band and compromising accurate estimation of carbonate-to-phosphate ratios in B-type CO(3)(2-)substituted apatite.
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| 7. |
- Lonnblom, E, et al.
(författare)
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AUTOANTIBODIES TO JOINT PROTEINS AS NOVEL BIOMARKERS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF UNTREATED EARLY RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- 2022
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 81, s. 546-546
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Autoantibodies to citrullinated protein (ACPA; measured as anti-CCP; aCCP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) appear years before clinical onset of RA and are essential tools in today’s classification criteria for RA. In animal models, antibodies to joint specific proteins (JP) can induce arthritis, and they are also present at onset of RA [1]. As there is a need for increased precision for early diagnosis of RA as well as identification of different subtypes of the disease, we aim to assess whether autoantibodies to native or modified JP can be used for early and precise diagnosis of RA.ObjectivesTo study whether antibodies to JP, alone or in combination with ACPA/RF, could increase the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in untreated early (ue)RA patients.MethodsAntibodies to JP were analysed in serum from patients in three independent ueRA cohorts as well as from population controls without rheumatic diseases (WINGA, Gothenburg and MFM-ÅUS, Malmö n=1062). ERAp (n=66), the smallest and most recent cohort was chosen for screening, and BARFOT and TIRA-2 (n=1939) for validation. We have developed a bead-based multianalyte flow immunoassay [2] and screened approx. 350 peptides derived from JPs of interest. We included monoclonal antibodies as assay calibrators and determined limit of detection (LoD). To assess positivity for autoantibodies to JP of interest above LoD, we used 5MAD (median absolute deviation) of the control populations as the cut-off.ResultsIn the ERAp cohort, 5 autoantibodies discriminated RA patients from controls with 81% sensitivity and 100% specificity (Table 1). The same autoantibodies had 68% sensitivity and 98% specificity in the combined BARFOT and TIRA-2 cohorts. Together with RF and aCCP, only 2 of the 5 autoantibodies added statistically significant diagnostic value, increasing the sensitivity from 48% to 61% with 99% specificity. In aCCP- and RF-negative ueRA patients (n=536), the novel biomarkers identified 22.5% of the patients with 99% specificity compared to controls.Table 1.Diagnostic capacity of the joint-specific antibodiesTest panelPerformanceGroup of patientsaCCP+RF+JP+SensitivitySpecificityAUC(ROC)ERApAll patients (n=66)--X81%100%89%RF and aCCP-neg patients (n=7)1------BARFOT and TIRA-2, combined dataAll patients (N=1939)--X68%98%86%All patients (N=1939)X--58%99%78%All patients (N=1939)2XX-48%100%84%All patients (N=1939)2, 3XXX61%99%86%RF and/or aCCP-pos patients (N=1403)--X84%99%93%RF and aCCP-neg patients (N=536)--X22%99%67%RA, literature valuesAnti-CCP testXN/AN/A53–71%95–96%N/A1Not analysed due to lack of power2This patient population is both aCCP+ and RF+3Only 2 of the 5 autoantibodies added statistically significant to the diagnostic valueAUC, Area under the curve; ROC, receiver operating characteristic curve; N/A, not applicable. Controls without rheumatic diseases: N=935 for BARFOT / TIRA-2 and N=27 for ERAp.ConclusionAutoantibodies to JP discriminate ueRA patients better then aCCP and RF alone and add an increased diagnostic value in particular for seronegative patients.References[1]Holmdahl, R., V. Malmstrom, and H. Burkhardt, Autoimmune priming, tissue attack and chronic inflammation - the three stages of rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Immunol, 2014. 44(6): p. 1593-9.[2]Viljanen, J., et al., Synthesis of an Array of Triple-Helical Peptides from Type II Collagen for Multiplex Analysis of Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACS Chem Biol, 2020. 15(9): p. 2605-2615. Correction: ACS Chem Biol, 2020. 15(11): p. 3072AcknowledgementsBARFOT study group.Disclosure of InterestsErik Lönnblom: None declared, Monica Leu Agelii: None declared, Outi Sareila Employee of: Part time employee in Vacara AB, Ingiäld Hafström: None declared, Maria Andersson: None declared, Lei Cheng: None declared, Göran Bergström: None declared, Anna-Karin H Ekwall: None declared, Anna Rudin: None declared, Alf Kastbom: None declared, Christopher Sjowall: None declared, Bingze Xu: None declared, Lennart T.H. Jacobsson: None declared, Johan Viljanen: None declared, Jan Kihlberg: None declared, Inger Gjertsson: None declared, Rikard Holmdahl Shareholder of: Rikard Holmdahl the founder of Vacara AB.
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