| 1. |
- Almas, Ingvild, et al.
(författare)
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Willingness to Compete : Family Matters
- 2016
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Ingår i: Management science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0025-1909 .- 1526-5501. ; 62:8, s. 2149-2162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the role of family background in explaining differences in the willingness to compete in a cognitive task. By combining data from a lab experiment conducted with a fairly representative sample of adolescents in Norway and high-quality register data on family background, we show that family background is fundamental in two important ways. First, boys from low socioeconomic status families are less willing to compete than boys from better-off families, even when controlling for confidence, performance, risk preferences, time preferences, social preferences, and psychological traits. Second, family background is crucial for understanding the large gender difference in the willingness to compete. Girls are much less willing to compete than boys among children from better-off families, whereas we do not find any gender difference in willingness to compete among children from low socioeconomic status families. Our data suggest that the main explanation of the role of family background is that the father's socioeconomic status is strongly associated with boys' willingness to compete. We do not find any association between the willingness to compete for boys or girls and the mother's socioeconomic status or other family characteristic that may potentially shape competition preferences, including parental equality and sibling rivalry.
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| 2. |
- Amorim, Pedro, et al.
(författare)
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Customer Preferences for Delivery Service Attributes in Attended Home Delivery
- 2024
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Ingår i: Management science. - 0025-1909 .- 1526-5501.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retailers face increasing competitive pressure to determine how best to deliver products purchased online to the end customer. Grocery retailers often require attended home delivery where the customer must be present to receive the delivery. For attended home delivery to function, the retailer and customer must agree on a delivery time slot that works for both parties. Using online data from a grocery retailer, we observe customer preferences for three delivery service attributes associated with each time slot: speed, precision, and timing. We define speed as the expected time between the placement of an order and its delivery, precision as the duration of the offered time slot, and timing as the availability of choices across times of the day and days of the week. We show that customers not only value speed as an attribute of delivery service but that precision and timing are also key drivers of the customer's time slot selection process. We also observe substantial customer heterogeneity in the willingness of customers to pay for time slots. Customers that differ in their loyalty to the retailer, basket value, basket size, and basket composition exhibit distinct differences in their willingness to pay. We show that retailers with the capability to tailor their time slot offerings to specific customer segments have the potential to generate approximately 9% more shipping revenue than those who cannot. Our findings inform practitioners seeking to design competitive fulfillment strategies and academics customer behavior in the attended home context.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Deciding for Others Reduces Loss Aversion
- 2016
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Ingår i: Management Science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0025-1909 .- 1526-5501. ; 62:1, s. 29-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study risk taking on behalf of others, both when choices involve losses and when they do not. A large-scale incentivized experiment with subjects randomly drawn from the Danish population is conducted. We find that deciding for others reduces loss aversion. When choosing between risky prospects for which losses are ruled out by design, subjects make the same choices for themselves as for others. In contrast, when losses are possible, we find that the two types of choices differ. In particular, we find that subjects who make choices for themselves take less risk than those who decide for others when losses loom. This finding is consistent with an interpretation of loss aversion as a bias in decision making driven by emotions and that these emotions are reduced when making decisions for others.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Person-organization fit and incentives : A causal test
- 2017
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Ingår i: Management Science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0025-1909 .- 1526-5501. ; 63:1, s. 73-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the effects of organizational culture and personal values on performance under individual and team contest incentives. We develop a model of regard for others and in-group favoritism that predicts interaction effects between organizational values and personal values in contest games. These predictions are tested in a computerized lab experiment with exogenous control of both organizational values and incentives. In line with our theoretical model, we find that prosocial (proself)-orientated subjects exert more (less) effort in team contests in the primed prosocial organizational values condition, relative to the neutrally primed baseline condition. Further, when the prosocial organizational values are combined with individual contest incentives, prosocial subjects no longer outperform their proself counterparts. These findings provide, to our knowledge, a first, affirmative, causal test of person-organization fit theory. They also suggest the importance of a "triple-fit" between personal preferences, organizational values, and incentive mechanisms for prosocially orientated individuals.
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| 5. |
- Axsäter, Sven
(författare)
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A New Decision Rule for Lateral Transshipments in Inventory Systems
- 2003
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Ingår i: Management Science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0025-1909 .- 1526-5501. ; 49:9, s. 1168-1179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with a single-echelon inventory system consisting of a number of parallel local warehouses facing compound Poisson demand. There are standard holding and backorder costs as well as ordering costs at all warehouses. Normally, the warehouses replenish from an outside supplier. However, lateral transshipments between the warehouses are also possible. Such transshipments take no time but incur additional costs. When a demand occurs at a warehouse, the question is whether the whole demand or part of it should be covered by a lateral transshipment from another warehouse. Given a set of alternative decisions, our decision rule minimizes the expected costs under the assumption that no further transshipments will take place. This rule is then used repeatedly as a heuristic. A simulation study illustrates how the suggested technique performs under different conditions.
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| 6. |
- Axsäter, Sven
(författare)
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A sequential lot sizing heuristic with optimal average performance
- 1988
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Ingår i: Management science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0025-1909 .- 1526-5501. ; 34:11, s. 1324-1332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The classical dynamic lot size problem without backlogging is in practice usually solved with the aid of various heuristics. Most heuristics are sequential techniques, i.e. the future demand is considered period for period, and a decision whether to have a set-up or not in a certain period is taken without regarding the future demand. The average performance of a lot sizing heuristic will depend on the demand process. We assume that a typical demand will look like a sequence of independent identically distributed random numbers, and we derive a sequential lot sizing rule with optimal average performance under such circumstances. The optimal decision rule is compared to the Silver-Meal heuristic. We also analyze the situation when the decision rule is allowed to look ahead one period.
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| 7. |
- Axsäter, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Installation vs echelon stock policies for multilevel inventory control
- 1993
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Ingår i: Management science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0025-1909 .- 1526-5501. ; 39:10, s. 1274-1280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper compares installation and echelon stock policies for multilevel inventory control. The major results are for serial and assembly systems. For (Q, r)-rules, echelon stock policies are, in general, superior to installation stock policies A Kanban-policy is identified as a restricted type of installation stock (Q, r)-policy.
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| 8. |
- Axsäter, Sven
(författare)
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Modelling emergency lateral transshipments in inventory systems
- 1990
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Ingår i: Management science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0025-1909 .- 1526-5501. ; 36:11, s. 1329-1338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In inventory systems with several bases that support different geographical regions, it is quite common to allow emergency lateral transshipments between the bases. This may be advantageous if neighbouring bases are at shorter distances than the central depot or the external supplier. This paper provides a new technique for modelling such lateral transshipments in continuous review inventory systems with one-for-one replenishments and Poisson demand. We apply this technique to a two-echelon system with repairable items.
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| 9. |
- Axsäter, Sven
(författare)
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Note: Optimal Policies for Serial Inventory Systems under Fill Rate Constraints
- 2003
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Ingår i: Management Science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0025-1909 .- 1526-5501. ; 49:2, s. 247-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A continuous review serial production/distribution system with discrete compound Poisson demand for the end product is considered. Unmet demand is back-ordered. Production/transportation times are constant. All deliveries from one stage to the next must be multiples of given batch sizes. The problem of minimizing the holding costs under a fill rate constraint is considered. Using recent results by Chen (2000), it is shown that under a set of restricted but plausible assumptions, the optimal policy is an echelon stock multistage (R, nQ) policy with one of the reorder points varying over time. A simple procedure for the determination of the optimal policy is provided.
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| 10. |
- Axsäter, Sven
(författare)
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Performance bounds for lot sizing heuristics
- 1985
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Ingår i: Management science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0025-1909 .- 1526-5501. ; 31:5, s. 634-640
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with the classical dynamic lot size problem without backlogging and capacity limitation. The author derives worst case performance bounds for a class of lot sizing heuristics. When the considered methods are applied a decision whether to have a set-up or not in a certain period is taken without regarding the future demands. It is shown that 2 is a lower bound for the worst case performance ratio for such heuristics. The results illustrate circumstances under which the approximate techniques fail
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