| 1. |
- Ackermann, Paul W, et al.
(author)
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Neuronal pathways in tendon healing and tendinopathy : update
- 2014
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In: Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Molecular Medicine and Surgery. - 1093-4715 .- 1093-9946 .- 2768-6698.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The regulatory mechanisms involved in tendon homeostasis and repair are not fully understood. Accumulating data, however, demonstrate that the nervous system, in addition to afferent (sensory) functions, through efferent neuronal pathways plays an active role in regulating pain, inflammation, and tissue repair processes. Thus, in normal-, healing- and tendinopathic tendons three major neuronal signalling pathways consisting of autonomic, sensory and glutamatergic neuromediators have been established. In healthy tendons, these neural elements are found in the paratenon, whereas the proper tendon is practically devoid of nerves, reflecting that normal tendon homeostasis is regulated by pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators from the tendon surroundings. During tendon repair, however, there is extensive nerve ingrowth into the tendon proper and subsequent time-dependent appearance of sensory, autonomic and glutamatergic mediators, which amplify and fine-tune inflammation and tendon regeneration. In tendinopathy, excessive and protracted sensory and glutamatergic signalling may be involved in inflammatory, painful and hypertrophic tissue reactions. As our understanding of these processes improves, neuronal mediators may prove to be useful in the development of targeted pharmacotherapy and tissue engineering approaches to painful, degenerative and traumatic tendon disorders.
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| 2. |
- Achour, Cyrinne, et al.
(author)
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Long non-coding RNA and Polycomb : an intricate partnership in cancer biology
- 2018
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In: Frontiers in Bioscience. - : IMR Press. - 1093-9946 .- 1093-4715. ; 23, s. 2106-2132
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-throughput analyses have revealed that the vast majority of the transcriptome does not code for proteins. These non-translated transcripts, when larger than 200 nucleotides, are termed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and play fundamental roles in diverse cellular processes. LncRNAs are subject to dynamic chemical modification, adding another layer of complexity to our understanding of the potential roles that lncRNAs play in health and disease. Many lncRNAs regulate transcriptional programs by influencing the epigenetic state through direct interactions with chromatin-modifying proteins. Among these proteins, Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2) have been shown to be recruited by lncRNAs to silence target genes. Aberrant expression, deficiency or mutation of both lncRNA and Polycomb have been associated with numerous human diseases, including cancer. In this review, we have highlighted recent findings regarding the concerted mechanism of action of Polycomb group proteins (PcG), acting together with some classically defined lncRNAs including X-inactive specific transcript (XIST), antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL), metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), and HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR).
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| 3. |
- Ackermann, PW, et al.
(author)
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Neuronal pathways in tendon healing
- 2009
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In: Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition). - : IMR Press. - 2768-6698 .- 1093-9946 .- 1093-4715. ; 14:13, s. 5165-5187
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 4. |
- Akusjärvi, Göran
(author)
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Temporal regulation of adenovirus major late alternative RNA splicing
- 2008
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In: Frontiers in Bioscience. - : IMR Press. - 1093-9946 .- 1093-4715. ; 13, s. 5006-5015
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adenovirus makes extensive use of alternative RNA splicing to produce a complex set of spliced mRNAs during replication. The accumulation of viral mRNAs is subjected to a temporal regulation, a mechanism that ensures that proteins that are needed at certain stages of the virus life cycle are produced in a timely fashion. The complex interactions between the virus and the host cell RNA splicing machinery has been studied in detail during the last decade. These studies have resulted in the characterization of two viral proteins, E4-ORF4 and L4-33K, that adenovirus uses to remodel the host cell RNA splicing machinery. Here I will review the current knowledge of how mRNA expression from the adenovirus major late transcription unit is controlled with a particular emphasis on how cis-acting sequence element, trans-acting factors and mechanisms regulating adenovirus major late L1 alternative RNA splicing is controlled.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Aldskogius, Håkan
(author)
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Mechanisms and consequences of microglial responses to peripheral axotomy
- 2011
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In: Frontiers in Bioscience. - : IMR Press. - 1093-9946 .- 1093-4715 .- 1945-0516 .- 1945-0524. ; 3, s. 857-868
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Microglia respond rapidly to injury of peripheral nerve axons (axotomy). This response is integrated into the responses of the injured neurons, i.e. processes for neuron survival, axon regeneration and restoration of target contact. The microglial response is also integrated in changes in presynaptic terminals on axotomized motor or autonomic neurons and in changes in the central terminals of peripherally axotomized sensory neurons. Microglia also has an established role in interacting with astrocytes to shape their response to peripheral axotomy. Axotomy models in mice have demonstrated a role for microglia in regulating the entry of lymphocytes into motor nuclei or sensory areas following peripheral axotomy. Whether this is a universal component of peripheral nerve injury remains to be determined. Under certain circumstances, microglia activated by axotomy are major contributors to CNS pathology, e.g. in models of neuropathic pain. However, the general roles played by microglia after peripheral nerve injury are still incompletely understood. Early proposals that the microglial reaction to peripheral nerve injury is preparatory for the eventuality of neuron degeneration may still have relevance.
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| 7. |
- Bernhardt, Nadine Rabe, et al.
(author)
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Genetic analysis of left-right coordination of locomotion
- 2013
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In: Frontiers in Bioscience. - : IMR Press. - 1093-9946 .- 1093-4715. ; 18, s. 20-35
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While there is a rather large amount of data from pharmacological and anatomical studies of the murine locomotor CPG network, comprehensive information regarding the cellular and functional properties of the neuronal populations is lacking. Here, we describe concepts arising from genetic studies of the locomotor network with a focus on commissural interneurons regulating left-right coordination. In particular, this involves several families of axon guidance molecules relevant for midline crossing. We also describe recent advances within the field of neural circuit analysis, including imaging, genetic inactivation and optogenetic strategies, which are applicable to locomotor circuits. Such efforts, for example by using available genetic markers, should substantially increase our possibilities to decipher the functionality of spinal cord neuronal networks.
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| 8. |
- Blum, K., et al.
(author)
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Substance use disorder a bio-directional subset of reward deficiency syndrome
- 2017
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In: Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark. - : IMR Press. - 1093-9946 .- 1093-4715. ; 22, s. 1534-1548
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This commentary is to inform clinicians challenged with an increase in people seeking treatment for Substance Use Disorder (SUD), that the ninety percent revolving door, is, in part, due to post-withdrawal, untreated neurotoxicity. This impairment attenuates neurotransmitter signaling and compromises resting state functional connectivity, leading to unwanted sequelae including depression, sleep disturbances, sensation seeking, lack of satisfaction and impulsivity. Neuroimaging studies indicate that neurobiological recovery can take years. Like a "double edge sword" SUD has a biological bi-directional (bio-directional) effect on the brain reward circuitry. The acute intake of psychoactive drugs results in heightened dopaminergic activity, while, the opposite, hypodopaminergia occurs following chronic abuse. Individuals with SUD can have a genetic predisposition, compounded by stress and neurotoxically induced, epigenetic insults that impact recovery from protracted abstinence. Follow-up post -short-term recovery usually includes supportive therapies and programs like 12 -steps and other fellowships. However, relapse will usually occur if post -short-term recovery hypodopaminergia is not treated with attempts at epigenetic manipulation of compromised brain neurochemistry using some manner of pro-dopamine regulation.
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| 9. |
- Brinkmalm-Westman, Ann, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Proteomics/peptidomics tools to find CSF biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.
- 2009
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In: Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library. - : IMR Press. - 1093-4715. ; 14, s. 1793-806
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by premature neuronal loss in specific brain regions. During the past decades our knowledge on molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration has increased immensely and resulted in promising drug candidates that might slow down or even stop the neuronal loss. These advances have put a strong focus on the development of diagnostic tools for early or pre-clinical detection of the disorders. In this review we discuss our experience in the field of neuroproteomics/peptidomics, with special focus on biomarker discovery studies that have been performed on CSF samples from well-defined patient and control populations.
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| 10. |
- Dilip Deb, Kaushik, et al.
(author)
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Nanotechnology in stem cells research: advances and applications
- 2012
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In: Frontiers in Bioscience. - : Frontiers in Bioscience. - 1093-9946 .- 1093-4715. ; 17, s. 1747-1760
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human beings suffer from a myriad of disorders caused by biochemical or biophysical alteration of physiological systems leading to organ failure. For a number of these conditions, stem cells and their enormous reparative potential may be the last hope for restoring function to these failing organ or tissue systems. To harness the potential of stem cells for biotherapeutic applications, we need to work at the size scale of molecules and processes that govern stem cells fate. Nanotechnology provides us with such capacity. Therefore, effective amalgamation of nanotechnology and stem cells - medical nanoscience or nanomedicine - offers immense benefits to the human race. The aim of this paper is to discuss the role and importance of nanotechnology in stem cell research by focusing on several important areas such as stem cell visualization and imaging, genetic modifications and reprogramming by gene delivery systems, creating stem cell niche, and similar therapeutic applications.
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