| 1. |
- Antoniewicz, Lukasz, et al.
(författare)
-
Acute Effects of Electronic Cigarette Inhalation on the Vasculature and the Conducting Airways
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cardiovascular Toxicology. - : Springer. - 1530-7905 .- 1559-0259. ; 19:5, s. 441-450
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of electronic cigarettes has increased exponentially since its introduction onto the global market in 2006. However, short- and long-term health effects remain largely unknown due to the novelty of this product. The present study examines the acute effects of e-cigarette aerosol inhalation, with and without nicotine, on vascular and pulmonary function in healthy volunteers. Seventeen healthy subjects inhaled electronic cigarette aerosol with and without nicotine on two separate occasions in a double-blinded crossover fashion. Blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity and pulse wave analysis were assessed at baseline, and then at 0 h, 2 h, and 4 h following exposure. Dynamic spirometry and impulse oscillometry were measured following vascular assessments at these time points, as well as at 6 h following exposure. e-Cigarette aerosol with nicotine caused a significant increase in heart rate and arterial stiffness. Furthermore, e-cigarette aerosol-containing nicotine caused a sudden increase in flow resistance as measured by impulse oscillometry, indicating obstruction of the conducting airways. Both aerosols caused an increase in blood pressure. The present study indicates that inhaled e-cigarette aerosol with nicotine has an acute impact on vascular and pulmonary function. Thus, chronic usage may lead to long-term adverse health effects. Further investigation is warranted.
|
|
| 2. |
- C Stummann, Tina C, et al.
(författare)
-
Report and Recommendations of the Workshop of the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods for Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity
- 2009
-
Ingår i: CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICOLOGY. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1530-7905 .- 1559-0259. ; 9:3, s. 107-125
-
Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cardiotoxicity is among the leading reasons for drug attrition and is therefore a core subject in non-clinical and clinical safety testing of new drugs. European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods held in March 2008 a workshop on "Alternative Methods for Drug-induced Cardiotoxicity" in order to promote acceptance of alternative methods reducing, refining or replacing the use of laboratory animals in this field. This review reports the outcome of the workshop. The participants identified the major clinical manifestations, which are sensitive to conventional drugs, to be arrhythmias, contractility toxicity, ischaemia toxicity, secondary cardiotoxicity and valve toxicity. They gave an overview of the current use of alternative tests in cardiac safety assessments. Moreover, they elaborated on new cardiotoxicological endpoints for which alternative tests can have an impact and provided recommendations on how to cover them.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Lyytinen, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
-
Electronic cigarette vaping with nicotine causes increased thrombogenicity and impaired microvascular function in healthy volunteers : a randomised clinical trial
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Cardiovascular Toxicology. - : Springer Nature. - 1530-7905 .- 1559-0259. ; 23:7-8, s. 255-264
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electronic cigarette (EC) vaping is increasingly popular, despite growing evidence of adverse health effects. To further evaluate the impact of EC use on vascular health, we investigated the effects of brief EC inhalation on flow-dependent thrombus formation and microcirculation in healthy volunteers. The study was performed with a randomised double-blind crossover design. Twenty-two healthy subjects aged between 18 and 45 years with occasional tobacco use were recruited. Subjects inhaled 30 puffs of EC aerosol with and without nicotine on two occasions separated by a wash-out period of at least 1 week. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 15 and 60 min following exposure and analysed with the Total-Thrombus-formation analysis system evaluating fibrin-rich thrombus formation and platelet thrombus formation in whole blood under flow. Microvascular function was assessed at baseline and 30 min after exposure by laser speckle contrast imaging and iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to evaluate the endothelium-dependent and independent pathways of vasodilation. Compared with nicotine free EC aerosol, exposure to EC aerosol with nicotine significantly increased platelet thrombus formation and fibrin-rich thrombus formation at 15 min (p = 0.017 and p = 0.037, respectively) with normalisation after 60 min. Peak SNP-mediated microvascular perfusion, i.e. endothelium-independent vasodilation, was reduced following EC vaping with nicotine compared with baseline (p = 0.006). Thirty puffs of EC aerosol with nicotine increased platelet and fibrin-dependent thrombus formation and reduced microvascular dilatation capacity. No compelling effects of EC vaping without nicotine were observed, indicating nicotine as the main effector.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04175457 URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04175457.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
