| 1. |
- Holmes, Emily A., et al.
(författare)
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Mental Imagery in Depression : Phenomenology, Potential Mechanisms, and Treatment Implications
- 2016
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Ingår i: ANNUAL REVIEW OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, VOL 12. - : ANNUAL REVIEWS. - 1548-5951 .- 1548-5943. - 9780824339128 ; , s. 249-280
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental imagery is an experience like perception in the absence of a percept. It is a ubiquitous feature of human cognition, yet it has been relatively neglected in the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of depression. Imagery abnormalities in depression include an excess of intrusive negative mental imagery; impoverished positive imagery; bias for observer perspective imagery; and overgeneral memory, in which specific imagery is lacking. We consider the contribution of imagery dysfunctions to depressive psychopathology and implications for cognitive behavioral interventions. Treatment advances capitalizing on the representational format of imagery (as opposed to its content) are reviewed, including imagery rescripting, positive imagery generation, and memory specificity training. Consideration of mental imagery can contribute to clinical assessment and imagery-focused psychological therapeutic techniques and promote investigation of underlying mechanisms for treatment innovation. Research into mental imagery in depression is at an early stage. Work that bridges clinical psychology and neuroscience in the investigation of imagery-related mechanisms is recommended.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-Delivered Psychological Treatments
- 2016
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Ingår i: Annual review of clinical psychology. - : Annual Reviews. - 1548-5951 .- 1548-5943. ; 12, s. 157-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the past 15 years, much progress has been made in developing and testing Internet-delivered psychological treatments. In particular, therapist-guided Internet treatments have been found to be effective for a wide range of psychiatric and somatic conditions in well over 100 controlled trials. These treatments require (a) a secure web platform, (b) robust assessment procedures, (c) treatment contents that can be text based or offered in other formats, and (d) a therapist role that differs from that in face-to-face therapy. Studies suggest that guided Internet treatments can be as effective as face-to-face treatments, lead to sustained improvements, work in clinically representative conditions, and probably are cost-effective. Despite these research findings, Internet treatment is not yet disseminated in most places, and clinical psychologists should consider using modern information technology and evidence-based treatment programs as a complement to their other services, even though there will always be clients for whom face-to-face treatment is the best option.
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| 3. |
- Cardeña, Etzel, et al.
(författare)
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Acute Stress Disorder Revisited
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. - : Annual Reviews. - 1548-5951 .- 1548-5943. ; 7, s. 245-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute stress disorder (ASD) was introduced into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) taxonomy in 1994 to address the lack of a specific diagnosis for acute pathological reactions to trauma and the role that dissociative phenomena play both in the short- and long-term reactions to trauma. In this review, we discuss the history and goals of the diagnosis and compare it with the diagnoses of acute stress reaction, combat stress reaction, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We also evaluate the research on the validity and limitations of ASD as a diagnosis, the relationship between peritraumatic dissociation and other symptomatology, the extent to which PTSD is predicted by previous ASD or peritraumatic dissociation, and other important issues such as impairment and risk factors related to ASD. We conclude with our recommendations for changes in DSM-5 criteria and the development of more sophisticated research that considers ASD as but one of two or possibly three common acute posttraumatic syndromes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology Volume 7 is March 27, 2011. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/catalog/pubdates.aspx for revised estimates.
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| 4. |
- Davis, Thompson E., et al.
(författare)
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One-Session Treatment of Specific Phobias in Children : Recent Developments and a Systematic Review
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. - : Annual Reviews. - 1548-5943 .- 1548-5951. ; 15, s. 233-256
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- One-Session Treatment is a well-established evidence-based treatment for specific phobias in youths that incorporates reinforcement, cognitive challenges, participant modeling, psychoeducation, and skills training into a single, massed session of graduated exposure. This review begins by briefly examining the phenomenology, etiology, epidemiology, and assessment of specific phobias and then pivots to a description of One-Session Treatment. We examine the use of One-Session Treatment with children and adolescents, briefly discussing its components and application, and subsequently review almost two decades of research supporting its efficacy. Finally, we propose future directions for research and practice.
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| 5. |
- D'Onofrio, BM, et al.
(författare)
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Accounting for Confounding in Observational Studies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annual review of clinical psychology. - : Annual Reviews. - 1548-5951 .- 1548-5943. ; 16, s. 25-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goal of this review is to enable clinical psychology researchers to more rigorously test competing hypotheses when studying risk factors in observational studies. We argue that there is a critical need for researchers to leverage recent advances in epidemiology/biostatistics related to causal inference and to use innovative approaches to address a key limitation of observational research: the need to account for confounding. We first review theoretical issues related to the study of causation, how causal diagrams can facilitate the identification and testing of competing hypotheses, and the current limitations of observational research in the field. We then describe two broad approaches that help account for confounding: analytic approaches that account for measured traits and designs that account for unmeasured factors. We provide descriptions of several such approaches and highlight their strengths and limitations, particularly as they relate to the etiology and treatment of behavioral health problems.
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| 6. |
- Fiske, A, et al.
(författare)
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Depression in older adults
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annual review of clinical psychology. - : Annual Reviews. - 1548-5951 .- 1548-5943. ; 5, s. 363-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression is less prevalent among older adults than among younger adults, but it can have serious consequences. More than half of cases represent a first onset in later life. Although suicide rates in the elderly are declining, they are still higher than in younger adults and are more closely associated with depression. Depressed older adults are less likely to endorse affective symptoms and more likely to display cognitive changes, somatic symptoms, and loss of interest than are depressed younger adults. Risk factors leading to the development of late-life depression likely comprise complex interactions among genetic vulnerabilities, cognitive diathesis, age-associated neurobiological changes, and stressful events. Insomnia is an often overlooked risk factor for late-life depression. We suggest that a common pathway to depression in older adults, regardless of which predisposing risks are most prominent, may be curtailment of daily activities. Accompanying self-critical thinking may exacerbate and maintain a depressed state. Offsetting the increasing prevalence of certain risk factors in late life are age-related increases in psychological resilience. Other protective factors include higher education and socioeconomic status, engagement in valued activities, and religious or spiritual involvement. Treatments including behavioral therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive bibliotherapy, problem-solving therapy, brief psychodynamic therapy, and life review/reminiscence therapy are effective but are too infrequently used with older adults. Preventive interventions including education for individuals with chronic illness, behavioral activation, cognitive restructuring, problem-solving skills training, group support, and life review have also received support.
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| 7. |
- Trace, SE, et al.
(författare)
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The genetics of eating disorders
- 2013
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Ingår i: Annual review of clinical psychology. - : Annual Reviews. - 1548-5951 .- 1548-5943. ; 9, s. 589-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past decade, considerable advances have been made in understanding genetic influences on eating pathology. Eating disorders aggregate in families, and twin studies reveal that additive genetic factors account for approximately 40% to 60% of liability to anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). Molecular genetics studies have been undertaken to identify alterations in deoxyribonucleic acid sequence and/or gene expression that may be involved in the pathogenesis of disordered eating behaviors, symptoms, and related disorders and to uncover potential genetic variants that may contribute to variability of treatment response. This article provides an in-depth review of the scientific literature on the genetics of AN, BN, and BED including extant studies, emerging hypotheses, future directions, and clinical implications.
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