| 1. |
- Bachmann-Vargas, Pamela, et al.
(författare)
-
Disentangling environmental and development discourses in a peripheral spatial context : the case of the Aysén region, Patagonia, Chile
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environment and Development. - : Sage Publications. - 1070-4965 .- 1552-5465. ; 29:3, s. 366-390
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In places with a predominantly natural heritage, environmental and development discourses are intertwined and often competing. A key dimension is the social construction of socio-spatial relationships, and particularly, the attribution of core and periphery features. In this article, we investigate environmental and development discourses in the peripheral spatial context of the Aysén region of Chile. Three research questions guide the investigation: (a) What are the dominant environmental and development discourses? (b) what are the main synergies and tensions among discourses? and (c) what are the (discursive) implications for (de-)peripheralization? Based on semistructured interviews and secondary sources, we identify six regional discourses on environment and development. Imaginaries of nature, regional development, and economic growth are the common denominators that create synergies and tensions. We conclude that environmental and development discourses play a key role in the transformation of geographic peripheral areas. Discursive synergies can not only reinforce but also counteract tendencies of peripheralization.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bettini, Giovanni, et al.
(författare)
-
Sand Waves and Human Tides: Exploring Environmental Myths on Desertification and Climate-Induced Migration
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Environment & Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-5465 .- 1070-4965. ; 23:1, s. 160-185
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In spite of the growing attention to climate-induced migration, a coherent understanding of the matter is lackingas any articulated governance strategy. Although such an impasse relates to the unprecedented socioecological processes involved, we argue that many of the challenges posed by climate-induced migration are not unique in the history of global environmental governance. Proceeding from this, we compare climate migration with the issue of desertification. Drawing upon the concept of environmental myth developed in Political Ecology, we identify common themes such as scientism, vagueness, and ambiguities in the definitions, and a tendency to envision one-fits-all solutions that overlook the multiscalar phenomena involved. We discuss how these traits have contributed to the failure of the desertification regime. Consequently, we propose that climate migration debates should move beyond such deficiencies, to avoid the consolidation of policy responses reproducing the same problems that have characterized the regime on desertification.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bohman, Anna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
How Frames matter : Common Sense and Institutional Choice in Ghana’s Urban Water Sector
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environment and Development. - : Sage Publications. - 1070-4965 .- 1552-5465. ; 23:2, s. 247-270
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ideas on what is best practice to provide more people in rapidly growing low- and middle-income cities with adequate water supplying services have changed during the 20th century. By applying a frame-theoretical approach, this article analyzes institutional choice in Ghana’s urban water sector. Special attention is paid to two major events: first, the establishment of the state water utility, Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation, in 1965, and, second, the reform process in the 1990s and early 2000s that aimed at private sector participation in urban water management. By unraveling the arguments and the taken-for-granted assumptions underlying the two reforms, the article shows how the perceived space for policy alternatives available to decision makers at a certain point in time has been largely constrained by the dominant frames in a particular historical context. This conclusion is supportive of the argument that rationality is a highly contextual and time-dependent concept.
|
|
| 4. |
- Damon, Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Policy Instruments for Sustainable Development at Rio +20
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environment and Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 1070-4965. ; 21:2, s. 143-151
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty years ago, governments gathered for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro. The “Rio Declaration” laid out several principles of sustainable development, including the central role of policy instruments. In this article, we take stock of where we stand today in implementing sound and effective environmental policy instruments throughout the world, particularly in developing and transitional economies. We argue that, as our experience with market-based environmental policies has deepened over the past two decades, so has the ability to adapt instruments to complicated and heterogeneous contexts—but we are only just beginning, and the need to be further along is dire. One key factor may be that economists have not yet meaningfully accounted for the importance of political feasibility, which often hinges on risks to competitiveness and employment, or on the distribution of costs rather than on considerations of pure efficiency alone.
|
|
| 5. |
- Duit, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Saving the Woodpeckers : Social Capital, Governance, and Policy Performance
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environment and Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 1070-4965 .- 1552-5465. ; 18:1, s. 42-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates if higher levels of social capital,better governance structures, and a more ambitious conservationpolicy are positively linked to the ability of states to addressbiodiversity loss. Serving this purpose is a data set containingestimates of woodpecker diversity in 20 European countries.These data are argued to be a more valid indicator of biodiversitythan most other available cross-national measures of environmentalquality. A seemingly unrelated regression analysis reveals thatnone of the indicators are linked to higher levels of woodpeckerdiversity, which in turn leads to the conclusion that presentinstitutions, environmental policies, and social structureshave negligible effects on biodiversity compared to long-termlandscape transformations.
|
|
| 6. |
- Eggert, Håkan, 1961, et al.
(författare)
-
Trade Policies for Biofuels
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environment & Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 1070-4965 .- 1552-5465. ; 21:2, s. 281-306
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present article is to consider optimal trade policies for biofuels, taking into account the potential for carbon leakage and the complex set of policies used or discussed for biofuels. First, the authors consider the case of optimal trade policies and find that the combination of an import standard and a border carbon adjustment welfare dominates using only a border carbon adjustment (BCA). The import standard should be set such that the emissions per unit of output is as if the foreign biofuels industry were subject to the globally optimal green house gas (GHG) emission tax. Second, the authors study the same trade policies in the context of a blending mandate, which significantly alters the way the market works. Given the suboptimal implementation of a blending mandate, the optimal BCA depends on the domestic subsidy to biofuels production. High levels of subsidies may in fact imply a negative BCA; that is, the optimal policy would be to subsidize imports.
|
|
| 7. |
- Felgendreher, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
Public Choice and Urban Water Tariffs - Analytical Framework and Evidence From Peru
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environment & Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 1070-4965 .- 1552-5465. ; 25:1, s. 73-99
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many developing countries face the challenge to implement water sector reforms to improve service quality. Our analysis focuses primarily on barriers to increases in water tariffs, which are usually a main pillar of water sector reforms. Discussing the case of Peru, we illustrate that the specific structure of voting water users together with the self-interest driven behavior of politicians on the local and central level can explain why actors refrain from implementing higher water tariffs. Water suppliers on the local level are subject to strong political interference by local politicians. To address such barriers, water tariff reforms may need to be accompanied by more fundamental institutional reforms, for example, by merging local to regional water suppliers, as well as by public campaigns making the use of funds from tariff increments for service improvements more transparent and tangible for water users.
|
|
| 8. |
- Fischer, Klara
(författare)
-
GM Crops and Smallholders: Biosafety and Local Practice
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environment and Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 1070-4965. ; 22, s. 104-124
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is currently limited knowledge about the effects of introducing genetically modified (GM) crops into smallholder farming or about how biosafety requirements are interpreted and adopted by smallholders. A case study was conducted on introduction of GM (Bt) maize to South African smallholders. The results reveal low general awareness about agricultural technology among smallholders and an incompatibility between smallholder practices and biosafety requirements. The implications are low understanding of biosafety measures and low compliance. Therefore, essential prerequisites for the safe introduction of GM crops to smallholders are increased smallholder knowledge on modern plant varieties and improved agricultural advisory services that better match the smallholder context. In addition, information about GM crops and biosafety implementation must be modified to better suit smallholders.
|
|
| 9. |
- Fridahl, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
-
A Comparison of Design and Support Priorities of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environment and Development. - : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 1070-4965 .- 1552-5465. ; 24:2, s. 237-264
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In context of the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, developing countries are asked to contribute to greenhouse gas control objectives by proposing so-called Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). Although the concept provides developing countries with complete flexibility to design NAMAs, a majority of proposals seek international support. This article improves our understanding of the matching of NAMA design and international support by exploring (mis-) alignment between support providers and NAMA developers prioritization for NAMAs. The article assesses survey responses from support providers in light of records of NAMAs. We conclude that there is a mismatch between support providers primary emphasis on systems for measuring emissions reductions and the lack of such provisions in existing NAMA proposals. Furthermore, sector preferences may create structural biases in NAMA support.
|
|
| 10. |
- Gutberlet, Jutta, et al.
(författare)
-
Bridging Weak Links of Solid Waste Management in Informal Settlements
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environment and Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 1070-4965 .- 1552-5465. ; 26:1, s. 106-131
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many cities in the global South suffer from vast inadequacies and deficiencies in their solid waste management. In the city of Kisumu in Kenya, waste management is frag- mented and insufficient with most household waste remaining uncollected. Solid waste enters and leaves public space through an intricate web of connected, mostly informal, actions. This article scrutinizes waste management of informal settlements, based on the case of Kisumu, to identify weak links in waste manage- ment chains and find neighborhood responses to bridge these gaps. Systems theory and action net theory support our analysis to understand the actions, actors, and processes associated with waste and its management. We use qualitative data from fieldwork and hands on engagement in waste management in Kisumu. Our main conclusion is that new waste initiatives should build on existing waste management practices already being performed within informal settlements by waste scavengers, waste pickers, waste entrepreneurs, and community-based organizations.
|
|
