| 1. |
- Abbasi, Seyed, et al.
(författare)
-
Socioeconomic status and in hospital mortality of acute corony syndrome: Can education and occupation serves as preventive measures?
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Preventive Medicine. - : Medknow. - 2008-7802 .- 2008-8213. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) can greatly affect the clinical outcome of medical problems. We sought to assess the in‑hospital mortality of patients with the acute coronarysyndrome (ACS) according to their SES.Methods: All patients admitted to Tehran Heart Center due to 1st‑time ACS between March 2004 and August 2011 were assessed. The patients who were illiterate/lowly educated (≤5 years attained education) and were unemployed were considered low‑SES patients and those who were employed and had high educational levels (>5 years attained education) were regarded as high‑SES patients. Demographic, clinical, paraclinical, and in‑hospital medical progress data were recorded. Death during the course of hospitalization was considered the end point, and the impact of SES on in‑hospital mortality was evaluated.Results: A total of 6246 hospitalized patients (3290 low SES and 2956 high SES) were included (mean age = 60.3 ± 12.1 years, male = 2772 [44.4%]). Among them, 79 (1.26%) patients died. Univariable analysis showed a significantly higher mortality rate in the low‑SES group (1.9% vs. 0.6%; P < 0.001). After adjustment for possible cofounders, SES still showed a significant effect on the in‑hospital mortality of the ACS patients in that the high‑SES patients had a lower in‑hospital mortality rate (odds ratio: 0.304, 95% confidence interval: 0.094–0.980; P = 0.046).Conclusions: This study found that patients with low SES were at a higher risk of in‑hospital mortality due to the ACS. Furthermore, the results suggest the need for increased availability of jobs as well as improved levels of education as preventive measures to curb the unfolding deaths owing to coronary artery syndrome.
|
|
| 2. |
- Aremu, Olatunde, et al.
(författare)
-
The influence of individual and contextual socioeconomic status on obstetric care utilization in the democratic republic of Congo : a population-based study
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Preventive Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 2008-7802 .- 2008-8213. ; 3:4, s. 278-285
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Maternal health care utilization continues to focus on the agenda of health care planners around the world, with high attention being paid to the developing countries. The devastating effect of maternal death at birth on the affected families is untold. This study examines the utilization of obstetric care in the Democratic Republic of Congo.METHODS: We have used the nationally representative data from the 2007. Democratic Republic of Congo Demographic and Health Survey. Multilevel regression analysis has been applied to a nationally representative sample of 6,695 women, clustered around 299 communities in the country.RESULTS: The results show that there are variations in the use of antenatal care and delivery care. Individual-level characteristics, such as women's occupation and household wealth status are shown to be associated with the use of antenatal care. Uptake of facility-based delivery has been seen to be dependent on the household wealth status, women's education, and partner's education. The effect of the neighborhoods' socioeconomic disadvantage on the use of antenatal care and facility-based delivery are the same. Women from highly socioeconomically disadvantaged communities, compared to their counterparts from less socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods, are less likely to utilize both the antenatal services and healthcare facility for child delivery. The result of this study has shown that both individual and contextual socioeconomic status play an important role in obstetric care uptake.CONCLUSION: Thus, intervention aimed at improving the utilization of obstetrics care should target both the individual economic abilities of the women and that of their environment when considering the demand side.
|
|
| 3. |
- Dalal, Koustuv, et al.
(författare)
-
Economic empowerment of women and utilization of maternal delivery care in Bangladesh
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Preventive Medicine. - : Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS). - 2008-7802 .- 2008-8213. ; 3:9, s. 628-636
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Maternal mortality is a major public health problem in low-income countries, such as Bangladesh. Women's empowerment in relation to enhanced utilization of delivery care is underexplored. This study investigates the associations between women's economic empowerment and their utilization of maternal health care services in Bangladesh. Methods: In total, 4925 women (15-49 years of age) with at least one child from whole Bangladesh constituted the study sample. Home delivery without skilled birth attendant and use of institutional delivery services were the main outcome variables used for the analyses. Economic empowerment, neighborhood socioeconomic status, household economic status, and demographic factors were considered as explanatory variables. The chi square test and unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were applied at the collected data. Results: In the adjusted model, respondent's and husband's education, household economic status, and residency emerged as important predictors for utilization of delivery care services. In the unadjusted model, economically empowered working and microfinanced women displayed more home delivery. Conclusion: The current study shows that use of delivery care services is associated with socioeconomic development and can be enhanced by societies that focus on general issues such as schooling, economic wellbeing, and gender-based discrimination.
|
|
| 4. |
- Dalal, Koustuv, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
Economics of global burden of road traffic injuries and their relationship with health system variables
- 2013
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Preventive Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 2008-7802 .- 2008-8213. ; 4:12, s. 1442-1450
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To estimate the economic loss due to road traffic injuries (RTIs) of the World Health Organization (WHO) member countries and to explore the relationship between the economic loss and relevant health system factors.METHODS: Data from the World Bank and the WHO were applied to set up the databases. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and gross domestic product per capita were used to estimate the economic loss relating to RTIs. Regression analysis was used. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics, Versions 20.0.RESULTS: In 2005, the total economic loss of RTIs was estimated to be 167,752.4 million United States Dollars. High income countries (HIC) showed the greatest economic losses. The majority (96%) of the top 25 countries with the greatest DALY losses are low and middle income countries while 48% of the top 25 countries with the highest economic losses are HIC. The linear regression model indicates an inverse relationship between nurse density in the health system and economic loss due to RTI.CONCLUSIONS: RTIs cause enormous death and DALYs loss in low-middle income countries and enormous economic loss in HIC. More road traffic prevention programs should be promoted in these areas to reduce both incidence and economic burden of RTIs.
|
|
| 5. |
- El Ansari, Walid, et al.
(författare)
-
Adherence to Recommended Dietary Guidelines and the Relationships with the Importance of Eating Healthy in Egyptian University Students
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Preventive Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 2008-7802 .- 2008-8213. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Little is known on the food consumption habits and adherence to dietary guidelines among young adults. We examined students' adherence to recommended guidelines, and the associations between importance of eating healthy and guidelines adherence. Methods: A total of 3271 undergraduates at 11 faculties, Assiut University, Egypt (2009-2010), completed a questionnaire reporting their consumption of 12 food groups; number of servings of fruits/vegetables/day; and how important it is for them to eat healthy. We employed the WHO guidelines for the Eastern Mediterranean region (WHO 2012) to compute students' adherence to dietary guidelines for the different food groups. Chi-square tested the differences for adherence to guidelines by gender, and the associations between the importance of healthy eating and guidelines adherence for the whole sample and by gender. Results: Except for cereal products, no food group had an adherence level >45%. Gender differences were observed (men had better adherence for sweets, cake/cookies, snacks, and raw vegetables but not for fast food/canned food or cooked vegetables, P < 0.001 for each). There was a significant positive trend between the increase of subjective importance of eating healthy and adherence to guidelines (P = 0.012-<0.001). However, this association was only for some food groups and gender dependent. Conclusions: Across the majority of food groups we examined, this sample exhibited low adherence levels to International Nutrition Guidelines. Healthier eating educational/intervention efforts should target foods exhibiting low adherence (most food groups, particularly salad/raw vegetables, fresh fruits, dairy/dairy products, meat/sausage products); consider gender differences (females reported lower adherence across most food groups); and note the relation between adherence and subjective importance of eating healthy by food groups and gender.
|
|
| 6. |
- Lao, Zhiqin, et al.
(författare)
-
Economic cost of childhood unintentional injuries
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Preventive Medicine. - Mumbai, India : Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd.. - 2008-7802 .- 2008-8213. ; 3:5, s. 303-312
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study aims to review the economic cost of childhood (0-18 years) unintentional injuries (UI) and focuses upon comparing the cost burden between developing and developed countries.Methods: Articles were selected from PUBMED using the search words "Economic Cost", "Unintentional injuries" and "Children". Nine articles were selected.Results: Studies in China focused upon cost to hospitals, in Bangladesh they focused on personal payment in rural areas, and in Vietnam they focused upon community-based cost analysis. There was one study from Norway on UI at home. There were 5 articles from the USA focusing on submersion injury, UI insurance, unintentional traumatic brain injury, UI due to firearms and UI medical costs. The cost of childhood UI is enormous, ranging from US $516,938 to US $9,550,704 per year. This represents a large economic burden on society. Additionally, there is a large gap between lower-middle income countries (LMIC) and high income countries (HIC) in the burden of injury, injury health care and insurance systems.Conclusion: Different bases and contexts of studies make it difficult to draw a solid conclusion about the amount of costs of UI among children. Therefore, more studies of children's unintentional injuries should be carried out in low and middle income countries.
|
|
| 7. |
- Liu, Yanmei, et al.
(författare)
-
Review of cost-effectiveness analysis of medical treatment for myocardial infarction
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Preventive Medicine. - Mumbai, India : Medknow Publications. - 2008-7802 .- 2008-8213. ; 2:2, s. 64-72
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death in both the industrialized and developing countries globally. The economic evaluation of MI is undertaken to rationale the allocation of scarce healthcare resource. The objective is to review cost-effectiveness analysis of MI with medications.Methods: WE SEARCHED PUBMED USING THE KEY WORDS: "cost effectiveness analysis"and "myocardial infarction" After applying the selection criteria, eight articles were selected for the present study.Results: Out of eight articles, five had studied thrombolytic agents. All of these papers clearly explain the costs and benefits of different drugs for MI. ICER was assessed in six out of the eight articles to compare the costs and health effects between alternative medications. ICER was expressed in different effect units.Conclusions: This study found that various medications including thrombolytic agents, ACEI and heparin are administered to treat MI in many countries. It is also found that five of eight studies focus on thrombolytic therapies. It implies that thrombolytic is generally very cost effective for MI to the whole society.
|
|
| 8. |
- Roback, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of health research : measuring costs and socioeconomic effects.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Preventive Medicine. - India : Medknow Publications. - 2008-7802 .- 2008-8213. ; 2:4, s. 203-15
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The topic of this work is health research evaluation including basic and clinical medical research, as well as healthcare research. The main objects are to explore possible approaches for valuing research in economic terms and to prepare an analytical model for evaluation of health research using the Swedish context. The study also aims to identify potential effects and their significance, and to provide a basis for discussions about the effects of research investments.Methods: The study has reviewed ten articles indicating positive effects, in the form of improved health and economic growth. The study also developed a model applied to Swedish health research.Results: The review indicates that positive effects, in the form of improved health and economic growth, have a value that greatly exceeds the costs of the research investments. The tentative model applied to Swedish health research also indicates predominantly positive returns, but in a lower range than the review would imply. Methodological problems, however, entail major uncertainty in the cited results.Conclusions: Accurate determination of the economic value of research would require significantly better basic data and better knowledge of relationships between research, implementation of new knowledge, and health effects. Information in support of decisions about future allocation of research resources is preferably produced by a combination of general analyses and strategically selected case studies.
|
|
| 9. |
- Sayyari, Ali-Akbar, et al.
(författare)
-
Methodology of the Comprehensive Program on Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity in Iranian Children and Adolescents : The IRAN-Ending Childhood Obesity (IRAN-ECHO) Program
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Preventive Medicine. - 2008-7802 .- 2008-8213. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The World Health Organization program on Ending Childhood Obesity (WHO-ECHO) has developed a comprehensive and integrated package of recommendations to address childhood obesity. The present study, entitled IRAN-ECHO, was designed and implemented in the framework of the WHO-ECHO program.Methods: The IRAN-ECHO program is implementing multicomponent interventions by considering life course dimensions. The program has two parts: a population approach and an individual approach. The population approach considers different periods in life, including prenatal, infancy, childhood, and adolescence, as well as family and society. The individual approach targets those children or adolescents with overweight or obesity; this part is conducted as a referral system that is now integrated in the current national health system. As part of the population approach, a quasi-experimental study was conducted in six provinces to compare the status before and after implementing parts of the interventions. By intersectoral collaboration with different organizations, multicomponent interventions are conducted for different age groups.Results: The IRAN-ECHO program is being conducted in six provinces, and will be considered in all provinces in the near future. Its main effects could be assessed in future years. Part of this program that was conducted as a quasi-experimental survey comprised 7149 students and showed that a high percentage of students had acceptable knowledge about adverse health effects of overweight and obesity. However, the knowledge about the low nutritional value of unhealthy snacks such as potato chips, puffs, industrial juices, and carbonated drinks was not appropriate. Many participants had the undesirable attitude of skipping one of the main meals when attempting to lose weight.Conclusions: The IRAN-ECHO program is presenting the feasibility of conducting the WHO-ECHO recommendations in Iran. The scope of potential policy recommendations to decrease childhood obesity is extensive and includes various elements. This program considers multisectoral interventions through population and individual approaches. The multicomponent interventions of this program address the obesogenic environment by considering the life course dimensions. It is expected that, by its life course interventions, it could help in primordial and primary prevention of noncommunicable diseases.
|
|
| 10. |
- Wu, Jie, et al.
(författare)
-
Tuberculosis in Asia and the Pacific : The role of socioeconomic status and health system development
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Preventive Medicine. - : Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. - 2008-7802 .- 2008-8213. ; 3:1, s. 8-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To identify the relationship between socioeconomic status, health system development and the incidence, prevalence and mortality of tuberculosis in Asia and the Pacific. Methods: Incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of tuberculosis and 20 variables of socioeconomic, health system and biological behavioral issues were included in the study involving all 46 countries of the Asian Development Bank region (2007 data). Both univariate and multivariate linear regressions were used. Results: The worst three tuberculosis affected countries were Cambodia, India and Indonesia, while the least affected was Australia. Tuberculosis incidence, prevalence and mortality rate were higher in countries with lower human development index, corruption perception index, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and countries with more people under minimum food supplements. Among the health system variables, total health expenditure per capita, governmental health expenditure per capita, hospital beds, and access to improved water and sanitation were strongly associated with tuberculosis. Conclusions: Socioeconomic determinants and health system development have significant effect on the control of tuberculosis in Asia and the Pacific region. The study has some policy implications by means of lowering the corruption and improving the sanitation.
|
|
