| 1. |
- Willfors, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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On the role of non-shared environment for executive functioning in ADHD : a twin-differences design study
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. - 2047-3877. ; 60:3, s. 163-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The study of differences between monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs with respect to ADHD may provide novel leads to disentangle the environmental contribution driving its phenotypes. Objectives: To examine non-shared environmental influences on executive function in dimensionally defined ADHD. Methods: This study included 27 MZ twin pairs (7 female) aged 11–20 years being moderately to substantially discordant for ADHD traits as assessed by the Attention Problem (AP) scale of the Child Behavior Checklist/Adult Behavior Checklist. The twins completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) for cognitive flexibility and the Tower Test (TT) for foresighted planning. Two statistical approaches were used to analyze the data. First, correlations between ADHD trait intra-pair differences and WCST and TT scores were calculated. Second, the significance of those intra-pair differences on WCST and TT, using ADHD as categorical variable in clinically discordant pairs, was tested. Results: Both analysing strategies revealed a link between ADHD on one hand, and foresighted planning and inhibitory control on the other hand mediated by non-shared environmental factors. The first statistical approach yielded positive correlations between intra-pairs differences on the AP scale and intra-pair differences on two subscales of the TT: total rule violation (rs = 0·41) and rule-violation-per-item-ratio (rs = 0·38). Findings in categorically discordant pairs were consistent, showing within-pair differences on the same subtests (z-1·63, P = 0·05, one-tailed and z = −1·60, P = 0·05, one-tailed). Conclusions: Findings confirm previous research suggesting ADHD to be a quantitative extreme on a continuum with executive functions being a cognitive marker of ADHD traits. Non-shared environmental factors appear to influence planning skills and inhibitory control.
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| 2. |
- Adolfsson, Päivi, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Significant others’ perspectives on experiences of meal-oriented support and diet counselling for adults with intellectual disabilities who live in supported housing
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2047-3869 .- 2047-3877. ; 70:3, s. 435-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quality of meal-oriented support for people with intellectual disabilities is important for their health. The aim of the present study was to explore the experiences of meal-oriented support and diet counselling for adults with intellectual disabilities living in supported housing, from the perspective of housing staff and mothers. Five focus group interviews, including nine supporting staff members and nine mothers, were conducted. The interviews were analyzed using systematic text condensation. Five themes appeared; Extensive needs of the individual, Staff skills determine the food intake, Informal caregivers make up for shortage of support, Effective collaboration with a registered dietitian is needed and Responsibility of the organization state that professionalization of staff is needed. Lacking resources, such as time and nutritional knowledge, insufficient considerations of individual needs, and high staff turnover influence the meal-orientated services negatively. This study brings to the fore, staff working practices and the complexity of providing meal-oriented support for people with intellectual disabilities. Staff need skills to perform individually tailored support. This is best accomplished through effective collaboration between housing staff and relatives underpinned by knowledge from a registered dietitian. The working practices must be structured at the organizational level of the services.
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| 3. |
- Eldblom, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Word reading, vocabulary, and mental health problems in adolescent girls and boys with intellectual and developmental disabilities
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2047-3869 .- 2047-3877. ; 67:2, s. 131-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reading difficulties are linked to several disadvantages in the general population. Less is known about correlates of reading difficulties in individuals with intellectual and severe developmental disabilities (IDD). Vocabulary and word reading were assessed in 112 adolescents with IDD, recruited from Special needs comprehensive schools in Sweden (grundsarskolor in Swedish). Proxy-ratings of mental health were collected from teachers and parents for a subset of the participants. Relationships between all measures were investigated. Reading and vocabulary were poorly developed in both groups and significantly associated. While mental health problems were common, there were no significant associations with word reading or with vocabulary knowledge. Thus, the study did not confirm an association between reading difficulties and mental health problems in adolescents with IDD. Still, the frequency of mental health problems and the low reading abilities point to the need for further intervention for adolescents with IDD.
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| 4. |
- Hassani, Fahimeh, et al.
(författare)
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Playing games can improve physical performance in children with autism
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2047-3869 .- 2047-3877. ; 68:2, s. 219-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by deficits in social communication, interaction, and stereotypical behaviours. Children with ASD have not enough opportunities to participate in physical activity (PA), which lead to increase fitness and health problem. The aim of this study was to compare two programs on motor skills. In the current investigation, 30 high functioning autistic children were diagnosed by a psychiatrist and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The evaluation tools included the Brininx-Oresetsky Test (BOT) and a program named "I can have physical literacy" (ICPL) and Sport, Play, and Active Recreation for Kids (SPARK). The experimental intervention groups received sixteen sessions of 60 min, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Analysis of covariance was used to determine the difference between the groups. Post-hoc test was used to compare pairs of groups. Results showed that the experimental ICPL and Spark groups had increased motor skills (MS). There were significant differences between groups on gross motor skills. There were significant differences between the control and experimental ICPL groups, and between the experimental Spark and experimental ICPL groups. Both of these programs increased MS. ICPL program that address the characteristics of children with ASD, have a positive effect on their MS.
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| 5. |
- Ineland, Jens, Docent, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with positive work experience among professionals supporting people with intellectual disabilities: a comparative analysis of three welfare organisations in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2047-3869 .- 2047-3877. ; 68:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given the crucial role professionals play in maintaining the well-being of people with intellectual disabilities, their views on work satisfaction are relevant to analyse. A comparative analysis that takes into account the support provided in different welfare organisations can be of certain importance. The aim is to analyse the most common aspects of professional work satisfaction in work with people with intellectual disabilities in schools, healthcare, and social services, and to apply a comparative analysis of such experience taking into account respondents' organisational affiliations. Data were collected using a digital questionnaire. Given the aim of the study, we drew on one open-ended question: 'describe aspects of your work that are most satisfactory for you'. The analysis shows that respondents associated positive work experience with seven aspects: autonomy, competence, nature of the work, collaboration, trust and recognition, work environment, and service users. Findings indicate that discretion is an important facet of work satisfaction among respondents in all three organisations. Flexibility, autonomy in decision-making, the ability to plan and act within certain institutional and legal frameworks, and the ability to prioritise among daily work assignments are empirical examples of this.
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| 6. |
- Johnels, Linn, et al.
(författare)
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Musical interaction with children and young people with severe or profound intellectual and multiple disabilities : a scoping review
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2047-3869 .- 2047-3877. ; 69:4, s. 487-504
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This scoping review addresses peer-reviewed research on musical interaction with children and young people with severe/profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (S/PIMD). Twenty-five articles published between the years 2000 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis was used to summarise and evaluate different features, including participant characteristics, study design and methods, type of musical interaction, the abilities and behaviours in focus, reported benefits, promising components of musical interaction, and quality appraisal of the studies. The results revealed a variation in participant characteristics and study designs, where small-sample descriptive case studies were most common. In terms of the type of musical interaction, active music therapy was the most commonly used approach, followed by technology-mediated and multisensory musical activities. In terms of abilities and behaviours, a large majority of the studies focused on social interaction and communication, followed by engagement, attention and affect. Six categories were identified as promising components of musical interaction: the responsivity of the interaction partner, singing songs, structure and predictability in the activities, long-term interventions, technology-mediated and multisensory musical activities, and a therapeutic alliance between interaction partners. Based on this review, we discuss future research and practical implications for musical interaction and music therapy for children and young people with S/PIMD.
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| 7. |
- Lundqvist, Lars-Olov, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Use of music for mood regulation in adolescents with intellectual disabilities : A case control study
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2047-3869 .- 2047-3877. ; 69:5, s. 675-682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Functions connected to mood and emotion regulation are often reported as the most frequent and important functions of music, particularly during adolescence. However, less is known on how adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) use music for emotion regulation. The aim of this study was therefore to explore how adolescents with intellectual disabilities (n = 30) use music for mood regulation in comparison to adolescents without ID (n = 34). We assessed the seven mood-regulation strategies of the Music in Mood Regulation questionnaire, personality traits, mood, and a number of variables regarding music listening. The result showed that personality and mood were associated with the use of music for mood regulation and that adolescents with ID were less specific in their use of mood regulation strategies than adolescents without intellectual disabilities, even when adjusting for gender differences. In conclusion, the present study shows that personality traits in addition to mood is related to differences in usage of music for mood regulation among adolescents with and without intellectual disability. The study provides initial insights into the use of music and the relationships between personality, mood, and music in mood regulation in adolescents with intellectual disabilities.
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| 8. |
- Rensfeldt Flink, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Examining perceptions of a communication course for parents of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2047-3869 .- 2047-3877. ; 68:2, s. 156-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall aim was to examine participants’ perceptions of a communication course as held for parents of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. The course curriculum included responsive strategies and augmentative and alternative communication. The research questions addressed the favourability, changes in parents’ or children’s communication and appreciated or unappreciated course features. Twenty-two written course evaluations were analysed. The mean scores for ratings were compared with ratings in a previous study, including those of parents of children with generally milder disabilities. Comments and answers to open-ended questions were analysed using thematic analysis. Participants were slightly more satisfied with the course as compared with parents who had children with milder disabilities. The thematic analysis suggested increased parental responsiveness after the course. Perceptions of augmentative and alternative communication varied. It was unclear whether the course altered the children’s communication or not. The supportive social milieu offered by the course was highly appreciated. Although generalisation beyond this course and setting is to be determined, the results suggest that parents of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities can appreciate a communication course and find it useful. An individual approach within the group setting and practical learning opportunities seem important.
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| 9. |
- Rensfeldt Flink, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Following children with severe or profound intellectual and multiple disabilities and their mothers through a communication intervention: single-case mixed-methods findings
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2047-3869 .- 2047-3877. ; 69:6, s. 869-887
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is limited research targeting communication interventions for children with severe/profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. This study addressed outcomes from a communication course for parents of children with severe/profound intellectual and multiple disabilities and follows up on a previous publication by Rensfeldt Flink et al. (2020). Potential observable changes in the children’s and parents’ communicative behavior were studied as well as the parents’ experiences of the intervention process and the effect of the course on parent–child communication. A mixed-methods design with a case-study framework was used. Two mother–child dyads participated. Data were collected before, during, and after the course. Video-recorded repeated play interactions by the dyads were coded and analyzed for the mothers’ responsivity and use of augmentative and alternative communication and the children’s interactive engagement. Longitudinal interview data from the mothers were analyzed thematically. No clear signs of behavioral change were observed in the coded video data. However, thematic analyses showed that the mothers experienced changes to communicative behaviors. Moreover, the course affected both mothers’ reasoning about communication with their child and their child’s communicative needs. The mothers’ narratives contributed insights into how reflective processes might guide action in parent-mediated communication interventions. Implications were discussed.
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| 10. |
- Rosendahl-Santillo, A., et al.
(författare)
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DBT-skills system for cognitively challenged individuals with self-harm: a Swedish pilot study
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2047-3869 .- 2047-3877. ; 69:4, s. 533-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based treatment for self-harm and emotion regulation difficulties. A modified version, DBT-Skills System (DBT-SS), has been developed in the USA for individuals with cognitive difficulties. The present study is a pilot study, testing the DBT-SS in a Swedish context. Methods: Six participants were treated with individual therapy and group skills training for 48 sessions each. A case series design was used to follow individual development over time. The primary outcome measure was reduction in challenging behaviors. Secondary outcomes were level of functioning in daily life, hospital admissions, and resilience and vulnerabilities in different risk domains. Data was analyzed using time-series diagrams. Effect sizes of changes were calculated using Cohen's d. Results: Challenging behaviors decreased over time and participants' global level of functioning increased. There was a reduction in number of hospital admissions over time. As for resilience and vulnerabilities, participants' overall level of risk in various areas remained unchanged or decreased after treatment. Conclusions: The results indicate that DBT-SS might be a promising treatment for cognitively challenged individuals with emotion regulation difficulties and challenging behaviors in a Swedish context. The study provides suggestions for a future randomized controlled trial. Supplemental data for this article is available online at here.
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