| 1. |
- Svensson, Ann, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Factors When Implementing ERP Systems in Small Companies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Information. - : MDPI. - 2078-2489. ; 12:11, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems often aims to improve the companies' processes in order to gain competitive advantage on the market. Especially, small companies need to integrate systems with suppliers and customers; hence, ERP systems often become a requirement. ERP system implementation processes in small enterprises contain several risk factors. Research has concluded that ERP implementation projects fail to a relatively high degree. Small companies are found to be constrained by limited resources, limited IS (information systems) knowledge and lack of IT expertise in ERP implementation. There are relatively few empirical research studies on implementing ERP systems in small enterprises and there is a large gap in research that could guide managers of small companies. This paper is based on a case study of three small enterprises that are planning to implement ERP systems that support their business processes. The aim of the paper is to identify the risk factors that can arise when implementing ERP systems in small enterprises. The analysis shows that an ERP system is a good solution to avoid using many different, separate systems in parallel. However, the study shows that it is challenging to integrate all systems used by suppliers and customers. An ERP system can include all information in one system and all information can also easily be accessed within that system. However, the implementation could be a demanding process as it requires engagement from all involved people, especially the managers of the companies.
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| 2. |
- Aggestam, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Critical Success Factors in Capturing Knowledge for Retention in IT-Supported Repositories
- 2014
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Ingår i: Information. - : MDPI AG. - 2078-2489. ; 5:4, s. 558-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the authors demonstrate the suitability of IT-supported knowledge repositories for knowledge retention. Successful knowledge retention is dependent on whatis stored in a repository and, hence, possible to share. Accordingly, the ability to capture theright (relevant) knowledge is a key aspect. Therefore, to increase the quality in an IT-supported knowledge repository, the identification activity, which starts the capture process, must besuccessfully performed. While critical success factors (CSFs) for knowledge retention andknowledge management are frequently discussed in the literature, there is a knowledge gapconcerning CSFs for this specific knowledge capture activity. From a knowledge retention perspective, this paper proposes a model that characterizes CSFs for the identification activity and highlights the CSFs’ contribution to knowledge retention.
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| 3. |
- Bartlett, Madeleine E., et al.
(författare)
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Requirements for Robotic Interpretation of Social Signals “in the Wild” : Insights from Diagnostic Criteria of Autism Spectrum Disorder
- 2020
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Ingår i: Information. - : MDPI. - 2078-2489. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The last few decades have seen widespread advances in technological means to characterise observable aspects of human behaviour such as gaze or posture. Among others, these developments have also led to significant advances in social robotics. At the same time, however, social robots are still largely evaluated in idealised or laboratory conditions, and it remains unclear whether the technological progress is sufficient to let such robots move “into the wild”. In this paper, we characterise the problems that a social robot in the real world may face, and review the technological state of the art in terms of addressing these. We do this by considering what it would entail to automate the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Just as for social robotics, ASD diagnosis fundamentally requires the ability to characterise human behaviour from observable aspects. However, therapists provide clear criteria regarding what to look for. As such, ASD diagnosis is a situation that is both relevant to real-world social robotics and comes with clear metrics. Overall, we demonstrate that even with relatively clear therapist-provided criteria and current technological progress, the need to interpret covert behaviour cannot yet be fully addressed. Our discussions have clear implications for ASD diagnosis, but also for social robotics more generally. For ASD diagnosis, we provide a classification of criteria based on whether or not they depend on covert information and highlight present-day possibilities for supporting therapists in diagnosis through technological means. For social robotics, we highlight the fundamental role of covert behaviour, show that the current state-of-the-art is unable to charact
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| 4. |
- Bashitialshaer, Raed, et al.
(författare)
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Obstacles to Applying Electronic Exams amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic : An Exploratory Study in the Palestinian Universities in Gaza
- 2021
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Ingår i: Information. - : MDPI. - 2078-2489. ; 12:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we aim to identify and understand the obstacles and barriers in applying electronic exams successfully in the process of distance education. We followed an exploratory descriptive approach through a questionnaire (one general, open question) with a sample of university teachers and students in four of the largest universities Palestinian in Gaza. A total of 152 were returned from 300 distributed questionnaires. The results indicate that the university teachers and students faced 13 obstacles, of which 9 were shown to be shared between teachers and students, with a significant agreement in the regression analysis. Several of the obstacles perceived by respondents are in line with the literature and can be addressed by improved examination design, training, and preparation, or use of suitable software. Other obstacles related to infrastructure issues, leading to frequent power outages and unreliable internet access. Difficult living conditions in students’ homes and disparities in access to suitable devices or the internet make social equity in connection with high-stakes examinations a major concern. Some recommendations and suggestions are listed at the end of this study, considering local conditions in the Gaza governorates.
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| 5. |
- Burgin, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Prolegomena to an operator theory of computation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Information (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2078-2489. ; 11:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Defining computation as information processing (information dynamics) with information as a relational property of data structures (the difference in one system that makes a difference in another system) makes it very suitable to use operator formulation, with similarities to category theory. The concept of the operator is exceedingly important in many knowledge areas as a tool of theoretical studies and practical applications. Here we introduce the operator theory of computing, opening new opportunities for the exploration of computing devices, processes, and their networks.
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| 6. |
- Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana
(författare)
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Dynamics of Information as Natural Computation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Information. - : MDPI AG. - 2078-2489. ; 2:3, s. 460-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Processes considered rendering information dynamics have been studied, among others in: questions and answers, observations, communication, learning, belief revision, logical inference, game-theoretic interactions and computation. This article will put the computational approaches into a broader context of natural computation, where information dynamics is not only found in human communication and computational machinery but also in the entire nature. Information is understood as representing the world (reality as an informational web) for a cognizing agent, while information dynamics (information processing, computation) realizes physical laws through which all the changes of informational structures unfold. Computation as it appears in the natural world is more general than the human process of calculation modeled by the Turing machine. Natural computing is epitomized through the interactions of concurrent, in general asynchronous computational processes which are adequately represented by what Abramsky names “the second generation models of computation” which we argue to be the most general representation of information dynamics.
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| 7. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Floridi’s “Open Problems in Philosophy of Information”, Ten Years Later
- 2011
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Ingår i: Information. - : MDPI AG. - 2078-2489. ; 2:2, s. 327-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In his article Open Problems in the Philosophy of Information 1 Luciano Floridi presented a Philosophy of Information research program in the form of eighteen open problems, covering the following fundamental areas: Information definition, information semantics, intelligence/cognition, informational universe/nature and values/ethics. We revisit Floridis program, highlighting some of the major advances, commenting on unsolved problems and rendering the new landscape of the Philosophy of Information (PI) emerging at present. As we analyze the progress of PI we try to situate Floridis program in the context of scientific and technological development that have been made last ten years. We emphasize that Philosophy of Information is a huge and vibrant research field, with its origins dating before Open Problems, and its domains extending even outside their scope. In this paper, we have been able only to sketch some of the developments during the past ten years. Our hope is that, even if fragmentary, this review may serve as a contribution to the effort of understanding the present state of the art and the paths of development of Philosophy of Information as seen through the lens of Open Problems.
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| 8. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955
(författare)
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Physical computation as dynamics of form that glues everything together
- 2012
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Ingår i: Information (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2078-2489. ; 3:2, s. 204-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The framework is proposed where matter can be seen as related to energy in a way structure relates to process and information relates to computation. In this scheme matter corresponds to a structure, which corresponds to information. Energy corresponds to the ability to carry out a process, which corresponds to computation. The relationship between each two complementary parts of each dichotomous pair (matter/energy, structure/process, information/computation) are analogous to the relationship between being and becoming, where being is the persistence of an existing structure while becoming is the emergence of a new structure through the process of interactions. This approach presents a unified view built on two fundamental ontological categories: Information and computation. Conceptualizing the physical world as an intricate tapestry of protoinformation networks evolving through processes of natural computation helps to make more coherent models of nature, connecting non-living and living worlds. It presents a suitable basis for incorporating current developments in understanding of biological/cognitive/social systems as generated by complexification of physicochemical processes through self-organization of molecules into dynamic adaptive complex systems by morphogenesis, adaptation and learning-all of which are understood as information processing.
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| 9. |
- Durst, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge Leakages and Ways to Reduce Them in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Information. - Basel : M D P I AG. - 2078-2489. ; 5:3, s. 440-450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we look into knowledge leakages and ways to address them. It is conducted from the point of view of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), as their specific attributes create unique challenges. Based on a discussion of the relevant fields, ways are presented in order to reduce the danger of knowledge leakages. In view of practitioners, the paper’s findings may enable an increased awareness towards the areas where existing knowledge is at the mercy of “leakage”. This can assist managers of SMEs to better cope with risks related to knowledge leakage and, therefore, better exploit the (limited) knowledge base available.
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| 10. |
- Guo, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Ontology-Based Domain Analysis for Model Driven Pervasive Game Development
- 2018
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Ingår i: Information. - : MDPI. - 2078-2489. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Domain Analysis (DA) plays an important role in Model Driven Development (MDD) and Domain-Specific Modeling (DSM). However, most formal DA methods are heavy weight and not practical sometimes. For instance, when computer games are developed, the problem domain (game design) is decided gradually within numerous iterations. It is not practical to fit a heavy-weight DA in such an agile process. In this research, we propose a light-weight DA which can be embedded in the original game development process. The DA process is based on a game ontology which serves for both game design and domain analysis. In this paper, we introduce the ontology and demonstrate how to use it in the domain analysis process. We discuss the quality and evaluate the ontology with a user acceptance survey. The test result shows that most potential users considered the ontology useful and easy to use.
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