| 1. |
- Osa, Joseba, et al.
(författare)
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60 GHz mmWave Signal Propagation Characterization in Workshop and Steel Industry
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems - Proceedings, WFCS. - : IEEE. - 9781665464321
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Communication systems are a key element for the industry 4.0 revolution, where the remote access to the machinery is a fundamental part for the automation of tasks related to monitoring and control of the different industrial processes. There is an increasing interest in performing such communications using a wireless medium, as they offer several advantages as a lower cost, greater flexibility or the ability to operate in moving elements. However, existing works have showed that the achievable performance in the sub-6 GHz frequency bands is insufficient to cope with all the requirements, which motivated the analysis of the millimeter wave spectrum for these use cases. Industrial environments present a harsh condition for electromagnetic wave propagation, where the abundance of reflective surfaces can present difficulties to properly exchange information. Thus, a thorough analysis and characterization of the propagation through this kind of environment is necessary to develop protocols and standards accordingly. This work provides the results of measurements carried out in two industrial facilities, which are a university workshop and a pit oven building from a steel company. Metrics of the results are computed and discussed as well, where a significantly larger losses can be seen for the pit oven measurements compared to other industrial scenarios.
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| 2. |
- Ängskog, Per, 1964-
(författare)
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Protection of Complex Infrastructure Systems against Intentional Electromagnetic Interference
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis the effects of, and defense against, antagonistic attacks using Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI) are treated; especially when targeting infrastructure critical to society (CI).IEMI as a means to disturb or destroy electronic equipment draws its roots from military methods to interrupt or interfere with enemy activities. Especially since the end of the cold war these methods have been adopted by various criminal groups and have been utilized on several occasions. How often and the severity of the outcome is difficult to know since it is difficult to understand whether it is IEMI or something else that causes disturbances in computers, networks, sensors, and other types of electronic equipment. Contributing to this is the fact that IEMI does notl eave any viable forensic evidence when used. This, together with low interest in reporting security flaws publicly suggests that the number of incidents is underreported. Although not a large-scale problem, it could be devastating for the trust in the society’s ability to defend itself and its citizens. As IEMI as an antagonistic method has the capacity to interrupt the function of CIs, the need for protective measures has been raised by the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB). Few reported cases, together with the antagonistic nature of the threat, render probabilistic risk analysis inadequate for the defense of infrastructures critical to society. Instead, a shift towards resilience engineering and vulnerability analysis is suggested to manage these antagonistic threats. As part of building protection improvement, the shielding efficiency of different generations of windows and panes has been measured and analyzed.
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| 3. |
- Ängskog, Per, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience to Intentional Electromagnetic Interference Is Required for Connected Autonomous Vehicles
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility (Print). - : IEEE. - 0018-9375 .- 1558-187X. ; 61:5, s. 1552-1559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The connected autonomous vehicle (CAV) will never be completely autonomous; on the contrary, it will be heavily dependent on so-called vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) for its function. To deserve the trust of the general public, the vehicles as well as the intelligent transport system (ITS) infrastructure must be able to handle not only natural disturbances but also attacks of malicious nature. In this paper, we discuss the effects of antagonistic attacks using intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) and how the antagonistic nature of the threat renders probabilistic risk analysis inadequate for the defense of the vehicles and the infrastructure. Instead, we propose a shift toward resilience engineering and vulnerability analysis to manage antagonistic threats. Finally, we also give two examples of possible scenarios to illustrate the type of situations a CAV must be able to handle.
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| 4. |
- Cronhjort, Mikael, PhD, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Efforts to improve attractiveness of lower level engineering education (concept)
- 2022
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Ingår i: SEFI 2022 - 50th Annual Conference of the European Society for Engineering Education, Proceedings. - Barcelona : Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ; , s. 1104-1112
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are nine study programmes awarding the degree bachelor in engineering (högskoleingenjör) at the University of Gävle. Some of these have only a few applicants, even though the graduates are appreciated by a relatively large regional primary and secondary sector industry. A major revision of the programmes is planned. One objective is to increase the attractiveness of the programmes. In the revised programmes, students are proposed to study most courses together during the first year of study, even if they belong to different engineering specializations. This is intended to improve the study environment. Students in programmes with low numbers of applicants will become part of a richer and livelier student collective. However, the attractiveness could further be problematized by asking to whom higher education is attractive. A special focus will be on increasing the admission of students from groups in society that have been underrepresented in higher education. More specifically this may be linked to individual factors such as the educational level of parents, family income, immigrational background and geography. There may also be societal explanations in traditions of gendered professions. Engineering programmes, and especially some of the specializations at the university, are dominated by male students. This study focuses on how universities can take action to further increase the attractiveness of the engineering programmes, with a special regard to groups that are known to be underrepresented among the students.
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| 5. |
- Ferrer Coll, Javier, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Electromagnetic Properties in Iron-Mine Production Tunnels
- 2012
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Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 0013-5194 .- 1350-911X. ; 48:2, s. 62-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern underground mines require reliable wireless communication for transmitting voice data, operating surveillance cameras, and monitoring mining equipment such as heavy vehicles. The electromagnetic characteristics of mines therefore have to be considered when determining the type of wireless technology for such critical applications. In this reported work, measurements of radio interference levels, path loss, and multipath propagation are performed in the world's now largest iron ore mine, situated in Sweden, to determine a suitable wireless technology for this mine.
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| 6. |
- Nabil, Tanbir Bakth, et al.
(författare)
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7-GHz Measurement System for in-situ Space/Material Channel Characterisation
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 11th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications (IDAACS). - : IEEE. - 9781665442091 - 9781665426053 ; , s. 37-42
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system will change the world through intelligent mobile devices and flexible networks to offer a new wide range of applications. mmWave radio propagation combined with a variety of new frequencies and bandwidth creates new radio measurement challenges. There are major limitations when it comes to mmWave components and measuring instruments. In this work we have designed and built a 7-GHz measuring system intended for in-situ channel characterization in environments where transmitters and receivers are located at different heights, like e.g. wireless sensor network installations. Such configurations are likely to be commonplace with the advent of e.g. Industry 4.0. The system has been tested in space experiments, where the distance and height between transmitter and receiver were changed. In addition, wave propagation behavior was studied through different materials placed between transmitter and receiver. The measurement system presented in this paper will provide an insight into the design of similar 5G test systems.
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| 7. |
- Wallin, Karl-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Femtocoulomb range triboelectric noise meter for super-low noise cables
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). - : IEEE. - 9781728195391 ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bending, twisting or vibrations in coaxial and multi-wire cables can generate signal noise, often dominated by triboelectric charging effects. Cables that ensure low triboelectric noise are called low noise cables. These cables are used in many low-level measurement applications such as medical instruments and sensors in nuclear plant. In this work, we have designed a triboelectric charge meter that can detect and amplify charges at sub-femtocoulomb levels, sufficient to characterize the triboelectric noise in a wide range of high performance coaxial cables. During loop bending tests of, standard-, low noise-, and super-low noise coaxial cables, average microphonic noise levels of 2600 fC, 142 fC, and 2.9 fC respectively, were measured, i.e. super-low noise coaxial cables exhibits an almost 60 dB reduction of the triboelectric noise compared to standard coaxial cables and 35 dB compared to low noise cables.
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| 8. |
- Ängskog, Per, 1964-
(författare)
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Avsiktliga elektromagnetiska störningar : Det osynliga hotet
- 2014
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Ingår i: Electronics and the Environment. - Göteborg : Just Rivista AB. - 1095-2020. ; 1, s. 16-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I vårt moderna samhälle blir vi alltmer beroende av olika elektroniska kommunikations- och styrsystem, något som redan har upptäckts av kriminella, som utnyttjat svagheter i systemen för att begå brott. Detta är ett nytt scenario vi måste acceptera och lära oss hantera.
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| 9. |
- Ängskog, Per, 1964-
(författare)
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EMP-symposium 8-9 maj 2014 i Oslo
- 2014
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Ingår i: Electronic Environment. - Göteborg : Just Rivista AB. ; 2, s. 22-23:2, s. 22-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Ängskog, Per, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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High Power Microwave Effects on Coated Window Panes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Asia Electromagnetics Conference (ASIAEM) 2015.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today window panes are usually coated with at least one metal or metal oxide layer to prevent heat energy of the light spectrum from propagating to the other side. This has given problems regarding radio propagation through windows, which might be utilized as a part of a buildings IEMI protection. This paper reports the results from measurements of the shielding effectiveness of a selection of modern window panes before and after irradiation with high power electromagnetic waves. The shielding effectiveness measurements are made in a nested reverberation chamber covering the range 1 – 18 GHz; both before and after high power irradiation at 1.3 GHz. The results show that the shielding effectiveness of window panes may be severely impaired due to thermal stress effects on the coatings during the irradiation, depending of the type of coating.
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