| 1. |
- Casas, Rosaura, 1954-
(författare)
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Transfer of humoral immunity from the mother to her off-spring
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background. It has been established that T cell responses of foetal origin to inhalant allergens are present in most cord blood samples. These immune responses could possibly be explained by transplacental passage of peptides, either as free antigens or in complexes with IgG, providing the foetus with a trigger for the priming of the T cell system already in utero. Antibodies to food antigens to which the mother is commonly exposed are present in the milk, but their relationship to allergy is unknown. IgA antibodies to inhalant allergens have not been previously detected in human milk.Objective. The aim of this thesis was to explore whether inhaled allergens in serum and IgA antibodies in breast milk could contribute to the allergic immune responses to allergens in the children.Methods. The presence of cat allergen Fel d 1 was analysed by ELISA in serum samples from cat allergic asthmatic children. To detect IgG immune complexes (IC), affmity chromatography purification and Western blotting were performed. Iri:nnune complexes with Fel d 1-IgE were detected by a modification of MagicLite, and their specificity was assessed by different approaches. Serum samples from allergic and non-allergic mothers, and cord blood from their infants, were measured for the presence of Fel d 1-IgG immune complexes by an amplified ELISA. Cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) of babies from allergic and non-allergic mothers were stimulated with cat allergen and the production of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 was determined by ELISA and the levels related to the presence of IC. Furthermore, IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies to cat were measured by ELISA. Colostrum and samples of mature milk from allergic and non-allergic mothers were analysed for IgA antibodies to cat, P-lactoblobulin (BLG) and ovalbumin (OVA) by an amplified ELISA.Results. The cat allergen Fel d I was detected in 70% of sera from cat allergic chilch'en, but not in any of the controls. The allergen was present in complexes with IgE and IgG antibodies as corroborated by different approaches. Immune complexes with IgG were detected in sera from allergic and non-allergic mothers, as well as in the cord blood from their babies, but neither the prevalence nor the levels of complexes were related to maternal allergy. This was also the case for IgG antibodies to cat. The production of IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and IFN-γ by CBMC was not influenced by maternal atopy. Interferon-y secretion by CBMC after stimulation with cat allergen, however, was less conunonly detected in samples with immune complexes. Secretory IgA to cat and OVA allergens were frequently detected in colostrum and mature milk, while antibodies to BLG were less common. The antibody levels to cat and BLG were similar in allergic and non-allergic mothers.Conclusion. The presence of IC with allergens may contribute to maintaining immune responsiveness and sensitivity in allergic individuals. Low levels of transplacentally transferred IC can conceivable provide the foetus with the signal for priming ofT cell responses to inhalant allergens. This seems to be a nonnal mechanism, as the immune responses are not related to maternal allergy. Low level exposure of the maternal mucosa, e.g. by inhalant allergens, can induce IgA antibody secretion in breast milk, but this mechanism is not related with any protective effect against allergy.
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| 2. |
- Dahlman-Höglund, Anna, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Immune response against ovalbumin in rats colonized with an ovalbumin-producing Escherichia coli and the influence of feeding ovalbumin.
- 1994
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Ingår i: International archives of allergy and immunology. - 1018-2438. ; 105:4, s. 381-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of feeding ovalbumin (OA) on the development of IgE/IgG antibodies and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) against OA was studied in rats colonized from birth with an Escherichia coli genetically manipulated to produce OA. At 21 days of age, colonized pups and pups with a normal intestinal flora were weaned onto either an OA-containing or a conventional diet without OA. At 2 months of age the colonized rats showed an increased DTH reaction to OA, but they did not have any anti-OA antibodies in serum. The rats were then immunized intracutaneously with OA in Freund's complete adjuvant. After immunization the colonized rats fed the conventional diet had a significantly higher DTH reaction to OA and significantly higher serum levels of IgE anti-OA antibodies than the uncolonized rats on the same diet. The colonized rats eating the OA-containing diet showed a 73% decrease in the DTH reaction to OA and also significantly lower levels of IgE and IgG antibodies against OA compared with the colonized rats fed conventional diet. The dams colonized as adults by the OA-producing E. coli developed IgE anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies in serum while the pups colonized via the dams at birth did not. Neonatal colonization with an E. coli strain producing OA resulted in increased DTH reactivity against OA and priming for secondary IgE anti-OA response. Feeding the animals an OA-containing diet from weaning abrogated this intestinally induced hypersensitivity and rendered the animals orally tolerant to OA.
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| 3. |
- Dahlman-Höglund, Anna, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of IgE antibodies and T-cell reactivity to ovalbumin in rats colonized with Escherichia coli genetically manipulated to produce ovalbumin.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Immunology. - 0019-2805. ; 76:2, s. 225-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The immune response to ovalbumin (OA) and the bacterial antigens, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and fimbriae were studied in conventional rats colonized from birth with an Escherichia coli strain producing OA. The colonized rats had developed IgE antibodies against OA, but not against the fimbrial or the LPS antigens from the E. coli at 2 months of age. At this time all rats were primed with OA given intracutaneously in Freund's complete adjuvant. Two weeks later the colonized rats showed a 35% greater delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to OA, measured as ear swelling, than the controls. Thus bacteria carrying antigens resembling potential allergens might aggravate, or participate in the induction of allergic symptoms. In addition such bacteria could be efficient vaccine vectors in protection against parasites. The study illustrates the importance of the mode of antigen presentation for the subsequent immune response.
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| 4. |
- Ekerljung, Linda, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Has the increase in the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms reached a plateau in Stockholm, Sweden?
- 2010
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. - 1027-3719 .- 1815-7920. ; 14:6, s. 764-771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SETTING: An increase in the prevalence of asthma has previously been reported worldwide. However, the current trend is debatable. OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in a defined study area in Stockholm, Sweden, using identical methods. DESIGN: A questionnaire was sent by mail in 1996 and 2007 to randomly selected subjects aged 20-69 years. On both occasions, 8000 subjects received the questionnaire, with response rates of 72% and 68%, respectively. Questions on asthma, respiratory symptoms, asthma medication and possible determinants were included. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess determinants. RESULTS: Ever asthma increased from 8.7% in 1996 to 11.0% in 2007 and physician-diagnosed asthma from 7.6% to 9.3%. The proportion of asthma patients reporting one to two symptoms increased by 14% during the study period. There were few significant changes in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms: wheeze in the previous 12 months (15.9-17.3%), wheezing with breathlessness apart from cold (3.2-4.1%) and recurrent wheeze (8.3-6.8%). There was no major difference in the risk factor pattern between the surveys. CONCLUSION: An increase in the prevalence of asthma with few symptoms as well as an unchanged prevalence of symptoms was demonstrated, which may indicate a change in diagnostic practices.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Jonas, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Update of prevalence of self-reported allergic rhinitis and chronic nasal symptoms among adults in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Clinical Respiratory Journal. - 1752-699X .- 1752-6981. ; 6:3, s. 159-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common immunologic disease, and it renders a considerable burden on both sufferers and society. The prevalence of AR has been increasing worldwide over the past century. The aim of this study was to assess the present prevalence, risk factor patterns and comorbidity of self-reported AR and chronic nasal symptoms in different age groups in Stockholm, Sweden. Methods: A postal questionnaire was sent on two occasions, in 2006 to a population aged 30-80 years, randomly selected 10 years previously, and in 2007 to a randomly selected sample of subjects aged 20-69 years. The response rates were 83% and 68%, respectively, and in total, 9792 subjects participated. The questionnaire included questions on self-reported AR, asthma, respiratory and nasal symptoms and possible determinants. Results: The prevalence of self-reported AR was 28.0% (men 26.6%, women 29.1%, P<0.01) similar to 10 years previously and 33.6% in ages 30-40 years. Allergic heredity [odds ratio (OR) 4.76, confidence interval (CI) 95% 4.25-5.33], physician-diagnosed asthma (OR 5.29, CI 95% 4.49-6.24) and occupational exposure to dust, gases and fumes (OR 1.49, CI 95% 1.30-1.72) were determinants for AR. Prevalence of chronic nasal congestion was 16.1% and of chronic rhinorrhea 14.1%. Conclusions: As a basis for understanding the disease, as well as in planning and prioritising health-care resources, the study provides information about the current prevalence and determinants of self-reported AR and chronic nasal symptoms. Further, comparing with previous studies, the present study suggests that a plateau in the prevalence of AR may have been reached in Sweden. Please cite this paper as: Eriksson J, Ekerljung L, Rönmark E, Dahlén B, Ahlstedt S, Dahlén S-E and Lundbäck B. Update of prevalence of self-reported allergic rhinitis and chronic nasal symptoms among adults in Sweden
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| 7. |
- Follin, Per, 1953-
(författare)
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The primed neutrophil : a friend or a foe in inflammation
- 1991
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Human neutrophils are the most abundant of the white blood cells in circulation and represent the first line of defense against invading microorganisms. With a membrane-bound enzyme system (the NADPH oxidase), these cells can generate reactive oxygen metabolites that serve efficiently in antimicrobial defense. Neutrophils are normally dormant in the circulation but may become primed; in that state they can produce an enhanced respiratory burst response upon activation and thereby strengthen the immune response. During bacterial infections, endogenous inflammatory mediators orbacterial products induce metabolic priming of neutrophils, which thenexpose an increased number of receptors to the peptide f-Meth-Leu-Phe(fMLP). There is, however, no correlation between the increased level ofrespiratory burst response and the level of receptor upregulation, indicating that post-receptor events in the activation sequence are also involved. Neutrophils isolated from an inflammatory focus were found tobe metabolically deactivated as far as the agonists NAP-1/IL 8 and C5awere concerned but primed in relation to tMLP. Further characterizationof exudated cells revealed that the mechanism of priming involves protein kinase C but not a rise in intracellular Ca2+ or a decreased inactivation rate of the oxidase. In primed cells most of the increased production of reactive oxygen species induced by fMLP is located intracellularly, whereas, an increased extracellular release of reactive oxygen species occurs during phagocytosis. The fact that primed cells can both produce and, under certain conditions, release increased amounts of hydrogen peroxide raises the question of whether the primed cell is a friend or a foe in the inflammatory reaction.
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| 8. |
- Golding, Michael A., et al.
(författare)
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A scoping review of the caregiver burden of pediatric food allergy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 1081-1206 .- 1534-4436. ; 127:5, s. 536-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective While a number of papers have described the psychosocial impact of raising a child with a food allergy, recent attempts at synthesizing this literature have been narrow in focus and/or methodologically limited. Consequently, the current study aimed to synthesize both the quantitative and qualitative literature in order to achieve a better understanding of the psychosocial and financial burdens faced by families raising children with food allergy.Data Sources Searches were performed on PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo and CINAHL for articles related to the psychosocial and financial burden experienced by individuals caring for a child with food allergy.Study Selections English language, original research articles were included in the current review.Results A total of 53 articles were deemed eligible for review. Results from the quantitative literature revealed that parents of children with food allergy (i.e., food allergy and food protein-induced enterocolitis, proctocolitis, and enteropathy) consistently reported lower QoL relative to their comparison groups. Within-group analyses suggest that this burden is increased for parents managing multiple food allergies, severe food allergy, and comorbid allergic conditions. Thematic synthesis of the qualitative literature suggests that the psychosocial burden shouldered by parents of children with food allergy stems, in part, from the unpredictable threat of exposure as well as the practical and social burdens of managing a food allergy. In addition to psychosocial burdens, a small but growing body of literature suggests that families with food allergy also incur greater financial costs.Conclusion Findings suggest that pediatric food allergy imposes considerable burdens on parents both quantitatively and qualitatively.
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| 9. |
- Golding, Michael A., et al.
(författare)
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The burden of food allergy on children and teens : A systematic review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 33:3
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Over the last two decades, researchers have placed increasing attention on understanding how food allergy affects the health-related quality of life (HRQL) and psychosocial well-being of children and teens. In response, a number of reviews have been published that aim at synthesizing the literature. However, many of these papers focus narrowly on HRQL or suffer from methodological limitations.Method The current review aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive overview of the burden of pediatric food allergy by synthesizing the quantitative and qualitative literature.Results Findings from the present review provide evidence of reduced HRQL among children and teens with food allergy, particularly older children and those with more severe manifestations of the condition. In comparison to HRQL, the link between food allergy and psychosocial functioning is less clear; however, some evidence can be cited linking food allergy to greater levels of psychological distress. Qualitative evidence suggests that the burden of pediatric food allergy largely stems from worries surrounding exposures outside of the home and the social consequences of the condition. The current review also highlights several gaps in the literature, including a paucity of longitudinal research, research focused on predictors of psychological distress among children and teens with food allergy as well as a dearth of studies comparing rates of bullying in food-allergic and non-food-allergic samples.Conclusion More emphasis should be placed on not only alleviating the social and psychological consequences of food allergy, but also on identifying and assisting those most acutely burdened by the condition.
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| 10. |
- Jansson, Sven-Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life, assessed with a disease-specific questionnaire, in Swedish adults suffering from well-diagnosed food allergy to staple foods
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Allergy. - : Wiley. - 2045-7022. ; 3:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundOur aim was to investigate the factors that affect health related quality of life (HRQL) in adult Swedish food allergic patients objectively diagnosed with allergy to at least one of the staple foods cow’s milk, hen’s egg or wheat. The number of foods involved, the type and severity of symptoms, as well as concomitant allergic disorders were assessed.MethodsThe disease-specific food allergy quality of life questionnaire (FAQLQ-AF), developed within EuroPrevall, was utilized. The questionnaire had four domains: Allergen Avoidance and Dietary Restrictions (AADR), Emotional Impact (EI), Risk of Accidental Exposure (RAE) and Food Allergy related Health (FAH). Comparisons were made with the outcome of the generic questionnaire EuroQol Health Questionnaire, 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D). The patients were recruited at an outpatient allergy clinic, based on a convincing history of food allergy supplemented by analysis of specific IgE to the foods in question. Seventy-nine patients participated (28 males, 51 females, mean-age 41 years).ResultsThe domain with the most negative impact on HRQL was AADR, assessing the patients’ experience of dietary restrictions. The domain with the least negative impact on HRQL was FAH, relating to health concerns due to the food allergy. One third of the patients had four concomitant allergic disorders, which had a negative impact on HRQL. Furthermore, asthma in combination with food allergy had a strong impact. Anaphylaxis, and particularly prescription of an epinephrine auto-injector, was associated with low HRQL. These effects were not seen using EQ-5D. Analyses of the symptoms revealed that oral allergy syndrome and cardiovascular symptoms had the greatest impact on HRQL. In contrast, no significant effect on HRQL was seen by the number of food allergies.ConclusionsThe FAQLQ-AF is a valid instrument, and more accurate among patients with allergy to staple foods in comparison to the commonly used generic EQ-5D. It adds important information on HRQL in food allergic adults. We found that the restrictions imposed on the patients due to the diet had the largest negative impact on HRQL. Both severity of the food allergy and the presence of concomitant allergic disorders had a profound impact on HRQL.
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