| 1. |
- Axelsson, Erika, et al.
(författare)
-
Länsplan för fiskevård och biologisk återställning av kalkade vatten i Blekinge 2007-2010
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Problemen för vattenlevande organismer i länet är främst kopplad till försurning, övergödning och vattenreglering. Försurningen börjar minska tack vare minskat nedfall av försurande ämnen (främst svavel) och kalkplaner kan anpassas till nya förhållanden. Vattenmiljöer som blivit påverkade fysiskt behöver ofta åtgärdas fysiskt för att lösa problemen, dessa åtgärder är det som oftast förknippas med biologisk återställning. Inom ramen för denna plan, behandlas i huvudsak försurning och fysisk påverkan av vattenmiljöerna och möjligheterna till åtgärda för att främja ett "fungerande ekosystem".
|
|
| 2. |
- Dogan, Emanuel M., 1984-, et al.
(författare)
-
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in zone I versus zone III in a porcine model of non-traumatic cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation : A randomized study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 151, s. 150-156
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in zone I increases systemic blood pressure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), while also obstructing the blood flow to distal organs. The aim of the study was to compare the effects on systemic blood pressure and visceral blood flow of REBOA-III (zone III, infrarenal) and REBOA-I (zone I, supraceliac) during non-traumatic cardiac arrest and CPR.METHODS: Cardiac arrest was induced in 61 anesthetized pigs. Thirty-two pigs were allocated to a hemodynamic study group where the primary outcomes were systemic arterial pressures and 29 pigs were allocated to a blood flow study group where the primary outcomes were superior mesenteric arterial (SMA) and internal carotid arterial (ICA) blood flow. After 7-8minutes of CPR with a mechanical compression device, REBOA-I, REBOA-III or no aortic occlusion (control group) were initiated after randomization.RESULTS: Systemic mean and diastolic arterial pressures were statistically higher during CPR with REBOA-I compared to REBOA-III (50mmHg and 16mmHg in REBOA-I vs 38mmHg and 1mmHg in REBOA-III). Systemic systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressures were statistically elevated during CPR in the REBOA-I group compared to the controls. The SMA blood flow increased by 49% in REBOA-III but dropped to the levels of the controls within minutes. The ICA blood flow increased the most in REBOA-I compared to REBOA-III and the control group (54%, 19% and 0%, respectively).CONCLUSION: In experimental non-traumatic cardiac arrest and CPR, REBOA-I increased systemic blood pressures more than REBOA-III, and the potential enhancement of visceral organ blood flow by REBOA-III was short-lived.
|
|
| 3. |
- Gilbert, M. Thomas P., et al.
(författare)
-
Paleo-Eskimo mtDNA genome reveals matrilineal discontinuity in Greenland
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 320:5884, s. 1787-1789
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Paleo- Eskimo Saqqaq and Independence I cultures, documented from archaeological remains in Northern Canada and Greenland, represent the earliest human expansion into the New World's northern extremes. However, their origin and genetic relationship to later cultures are unknown. We sequenced a mitochondrial genome from a Paleo- Eskimo human by using 3400- to 4500- year- old frozen hair excavated from an early Greenlandic Saqqaq settlement. The sample is distinct from modern Native Americans and Neo- Eskimos, falling within haplogroup D2a1, a group previously observed among modern Aleuts and Siberian Sireniki Yuit. This result suggests that the earliest migrants into the New World's northern extremes derived from populations in the Bering Sea area and were not directly related to Native Americans or the later Neo- Eskimos that replaced them.
|
|
| 4. |
- Holstensson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of acquisition protocols for ventilation/perfusion SPECT - a Monte Carlo study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 64:23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most commonly used imaging techniques for diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) is ventilation/perfusion (V/P) scintigraphy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the currently used imaging protocols for V/P single photon emission computed tomography (V/P SPECT) at two nuclear medicine department sites and to investigate the effect of altering important protocol parameters. The Monte Carlo technique was used to simulate 4D digital phantoms with perfusion defects. Six imaging protocols were included in the study and a total of 72 digital patients were simulated. Six dually trained radiologists/nuclear medicine physicians reviewed the images and reported all perfusion mismatch findings. The radiologists also visually graded the image quality. No statistically significant differences in diagnostic performance were found between the studied protocols, but visual grading analysis pointed out one protocol as significantly superior to four of the other protocols. Considering the study results, we have decided to harmonize our clinical protocols for imaging patients with suspected PE. The administered Technegas and macro aggregated albumin activities have been altered, a low energy all purpose collimator is used instead of a low energy high resolution collimator and the acquisition times have been lowered.
|
|
| 5. |
- Kallak, Theodora Kunovac, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Maternal and female fetal testosterone levels are associated with maternal age and gestational weight gain
- 2017
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 177:4, s. 379-388
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Prenatal androgen exposure has been suggested to play a role in polycystic ovary syndrome. Given the limited information on what maternal characteristics influence maternal testosterone levels, and the even less explored routes by which female fetus androgen exposure would occur, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of maternal age, BMI, weight gain, depressed mood and aromatase SNPs on testosterone levels in maternal serum and amniotic fluid of female fetuses.METHODS: Blood samples from pregnant women (n = 216) obtained in gestational weeks 35-39, and pre-labor amniotic fluid samples from female fetuses (n = 56), taken at planned Caesarean section or in conjunction with amniotomy for induction of labor, were analyzed. Maternal serum testosterone and amniotic fluid testosterone and cortisol were measured by tandem mass spectrometry.RESULTS: Multiparity (β = -0.28, P < 0.001), self-rated depression (β = 0.26, P < 0.001) and weight gain (β = 0.18, P < 0.05) were independent explanatory factors for the maternal total testosterone levels. Maternal age (β = -0.34, P < 0.001), weight gain (β = 0.19, P < 0.05) and amniotic fluid cortisol levels (β = 0.44, P < 0.001) were independent explanatory factors of amniotic fluid testosterone in female fetuses, explaining 64.3% of the variability in amniotic fluid testosterone.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Young maternal age and excessive maternal weight gain may increase the prenatal androgen exposure of female fetuses. Further studies are needed to explore this finding.
|
|
| 6. |
- Mulder, Eric
(författare)
-
Identifying Risk Factors and Safety Strategies in Freediving through Physiological Research and Wearable Technology
- 2024
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Freediving, underwater diving while breath-holding, imposes unique physiological challenges to the human body. This includes immersion, changes in hydrostatic pressure, hypercapnia, and hypoxia. Severe hypoxia can cause loss of consciousness, known as hypoxic blackout, and without immediate assistance drowning may occur. The aim of this thesis was to identify factors increasing the risk of hypoxic blackout, to determine if physiological responses mitigated these risks and to explore potential interventions that could promote safe freediving. This was done by utilizing a prototype water- and pressure-proof pulse oximeter (SUB) to measure heart rate (HR) and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) under various real-world freediving conditions, and through laboratory investigation of the effects of apnea- recovery pacing on repeated apneas, focusing on arterial, cerebral, and muscle oxygenation. Study 1 demonstrated the SUB's ability to record HR and SpO2 during deep sea dives up to 82 meters, marking an important advancement in underwater monitoring technology. Study 2 showed that deeper dives resulted in greater oxygen desaturation, potentially increasing the risk of hypoxic blackout, not only due to pressure effects on gas exchange, but also from increased physical exertion. In addition, some individuals experienced hypoxia upon reaching maximum depth, when hyperoxia is expected, suggesting that gas exchange may be compromised, which could increase the risk of blackout during ascent. In Study 3, a persistent cardiac arrhythmia preceded a blackout, suggesting that arrhythmias may be a contributing factor to increased risk of blackout. Study 4 showed that brain oxygen homeostasis was maintained across a series of submaximal apneas with equal dive-to-rest ratio, without progressive oxygen desaturation occurring, suggesting that pacing strategies can be effectively used to maintain safety in repeated freediving and should be individually tailored. Collectively, these studies confirm that well- trained freedivers exhibit a remarkable tolerance to hypoxia. However, the risk of hypoxic blackout is highly individual, suggesting that establishing a definitive blackout threshold based on SpO2 may be challenging. It is therefore concluded that there is a need for enhanced safety protocols in freediving, including personalized physiological monitoring, which could be enabled by innovative wearable technologies like the SUB to mitigate the risk of blackout in freediving.
|
|
| 7. |
- Norén, Erika, et al.
(författare)
-
Concentrations and temporal trends in pesticide biomarkers in urine of Swedish adolescents, 2000–2017
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 30:4, s. 756-767
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural pesticides are extensively used for weed- and pest control, resulting in residues of these compounds in food. The general population is mainly exposed through dietary intake. Exposure to certain pesticides has been associated with adverse human health outcomes. Our aim was to assess urinary concentrations and temporal trends in the biomarkers of commonly used pesticides. Samples were collected from adolescents (n = 1060) in Scania, Sweden, from 2000 to 2017. Concentrations of 14 pesticide biomarkers were analyzed in urine using LC–MS/MS. Temporal trends in biomarker concentrations (ln-transformed) were evaluated using linear regression. Biomarkers of pyrethroids (3-PBA and DCCA), chlorpyrifos (TCPy), chlormequat (CCC), thiabendazole (OH-TBZ), and mancozeb (ETU) were detected in >90% of the population all sampling years. The biomarkers CCC and TCPy had the highest median concentrations (>0.8 µg/L), whereas the biomarkers of cyfluthrin (4F-3-PBA) and two pyrethroids (CFCA) had the lowest median concentrations (<0.02 µg/L). Increasing temporal trends were found for the biomarkers 3-PBA (3.7%/year), TCPy (1.7%/year) and biomarkers of pyrimethanil (11.9%/year) and tebuconazole (12.2%/year). Decreasing trends were found for CCC (–5.5%/year), OH-TBZ (−5.5%/year), and ETU (−3.9%/year). Our results suggest that Swedish adolescents are commonly exposed to pesticides in low concentrations (median concentrations <3.88 µg/L).
|
|
| 8. |
- Perry, Diana, et al.
(författare)
-
Physiological responses of Atlantic cod to climate change indicate that coastal ecotypes may be better adapted to tolerate ocean stressors
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthy ecosystems and species have some degree of resilience to changing conditions, however as the frequency and severity of environmental changes increase, resilience may be diminished or lost. In Sweden, one example of a species with reduced resilience is the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). This species has been subjected to overfishing, and with additional pressures such as habitat degradation and changing environmental conditions there has been little to no recovery, despite more than a decade of management actions. Given the historical ecological, economical, and cultural significance of cod, it is important to understand how Atlantic cod respond to global climate change to recover and sustainably manage this species in the future. A multi-stressor experiment was conducted to evaluate physiological responses of juvenile cod exposed to warming, ocean acidification, and freshening, changes expected to occur in their nursery habitat. The response to single drivers showed variable effects related to fish biometrics and increased levels of oxidative stress dependent parameters. Importantly, two separate responses were seen within a single treatment for the multi-stressor and freshening groups. These within-treatment differences were correlated to genotype, with the offshore ecotype having a heightened stress response compared to the coastal ecotype, which may be better adapted to tolerate future changes. These results demonstrate that, while Atlantic cod have some tolerance for future changes, ecotypes respond differently, and cumulative effects of multiple stressors may lead to deleterious effects for this important species.
|
|
| 9. |
- Sundell, Erika, et al.
(författare)
-
Energetic savings and cardiovascular dynamics of a marine euryhaline fish (Myoxocephalus scorpius) in reduced salinity
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systems and Environmental Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0174-1578 .- 1432-136X. ; 191, s. 301-311
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies have addressed how reduced water salinity affects cardiovascular and metabolic function in marine euryhaline fishes, despite its relevance for predicting impacts of natural salinity variations and ongoing climate change on marine fish populations. Here, shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) were subjected to different durations of reduced water salinity from 33 to 15 ppt. Routine metabolic rate decreased after short-term acclimation (4-9 days) to 15 ppt, which corresponded with similar reductions in cardiac output. Likewise, standard metabolic rate decreased after acute transition (3 h) from 33 to 15 ppt, suggesting a reduced energetic cost of osmoregulation at 15 ppt. Interestingly, gut blood flow remained unchanged across salinities, which contrasts with previous findings in freshwater euryhaline teleosts (e.g., rainbow trout) exposed to different salinities. Although plasma osmolality, [Na+], [Cl-] and [Ca2+] decreased in 15 ppt, there were no signs of cellular osmotic stress as plasma [K+], [hemoglobin] and hematocrit remained unchanged. Taken together, our data suggest that shorthorn sculpin are relatively weak plasma osmoregulators that apply a strategy whereby epithelial ion transport mechanisms are partially maintained across salinities, while plasma composition is allowed to fluctuate within certain ranges. This may have energetic benefits in environments where salinity naturally fluctuates, and could provide shorthorn sculpin with competitive advantages if salinity fluctuations intensify with climate change in the future.
|
|
| 10. |
- von Heideman, Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity of primary cultures of epithelial ovarian cancer cells from patients in relation to tumour characteristics and therapeutic outcome
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 53:2, s. 242-250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. A number of chemotherapeutic drugs are active in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) but so far choice of drugs for treatment is mostly empirically based. Testing of drug activity in tumour cells from patients might provide a rationale for a more individualised approach for drug selection. Material and methods. Sensitivity of EOC to chemotherapeutic drugs was analysed in 125 tumour samples from 112 patients using a short-term primary culture assay based on the concept of total cell kill. Sensitivity was related to tumour histology, treatment status and clinical tumour response. Results. For most EOC standard drugs serous high grade and clear cell EOC were the most sensitive subtypes and the mucinous tumours the most resistant subtype. Docetaxel, however, tended to show the opposite pattern. Samples from previously treated patients tended to be more resistant than those from treatment naive patients. The activity of cisplatin correlated with that of other drugs with the exception of docetaxel. Tumour samples from two sites in the same patient at the same occasion showed similar cisplatin sensitivity in contrast to samples taken at different occasions. Samples from patients responding in the clinic to treatment were more sensitive to most drugs than samples from non-responding patients. At the individual patient level, drug sensitivity in vitro compared with clinical response showed sensitivities and specificities in the 83-100% and 55-83% ranges, respectively. Conclusions. Assessment of EOC tumour cell drug sensitivity in vitro provides clinically relevant and potentially useful information for the optimisation of drug treatment.
|
|
