| 1. |
- Backström, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
-
Anaesthesia and handling stress effects on pigmentation and monoamines in Arctic charr
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Environmental Biology of Fishes. - : Springer. - 0378-1909 .- 1573-5133. ; 100:5, s. 471-480
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress responsiveness differs between individuals and is often categorized into different stress coping styles. Using these stress coping styles for selection in fish farming could be beneficial, since stress is one main factor affecting welfare. In Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) carotenoid pigmentation is associated with stress responsiveness and stress coping styles. Thus this could be an important tool to use for selection of stress resilient charr. However, anaesthetics seem to affect carotenoid pigmentation, and it would be better if the method for selection could be implemented during normal maintenance, which usually includes anaesthetics. Therefore, this study investigated how the use of anaesthetics affected carotenoid pigmentation, i.e. number of spots, over time compared to no-anaesthetic treatment. Additionally, the stress indicators monoamines and glucocorticoids were investigated. The results indicate that the anaesthetic MS-222 affects number of spots on the right side. This anaesthetic also increased dopaminergic activity in the telencephalon. Both brain dopaminergic and serotonergic activity was associated with spottiness. Further, behaviour during anaesthetization was associated with spots on the left side, but not the right side. Repetition of the same treatment seemed to affect spot numbers on the right side. In conclusion, this study shows that inducing stress in charr affects the carotenoid spots. Thus, it is possible to use anaesthetics when evaluating spottiness although careful planning is needed.
|
|
| 2. |
- Backström, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
-
Arginine-vasotocin influence on aggressive behaviour and dominance in rainbow trout
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 96:3, s. 470-475
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mammalian neuropeptide arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and its non-mammalian homologue arginine-vasotocin (AVT) are involved in social behavior including aggression in vertebrates. Juvenile rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) are highly territorial and we tested the effect of two different doses each of AVT and Manning compound, an AVP V1A receptor antagonist, on aggressive behavior and the outcome of staged fights for social dominance in size matched pairs. Each pair consisted of one fish receiving AVT or Manning compound through an intracerebroventricular (icv) injection and one fish receiving a similar icv injection of saline. In addition, plasma cortisol and brain serotonergic activity were monitored. Fish receiving AVT at a dose of 200 ng became subordinate whereas AVT at a dose of 20 ng had no effect on the outcome of fights for social dominance. Further, Manning compound had no effect on the outcome of fights for dominance but at a dose of 200 ng it had an effect on fight duration. Fish receiving 200 ng Manning compound and losing dyadic fights appeared to take longer to become subordinate. Neither AVT nor Manning compound had any effects on plasma cortisol levels or brainstem serotonergic activity. The apparent inhibiting effect of AVT on aggression could be centrally mediated.
|
|
| 3. |
- Backström, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
-
Central corticotropin releasing factor and social stress
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 7
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social interactions are a main source of stress in vertebrates. Social stressors, as well as other stressors, activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis resulting in glucocorticoid release. One of the main components of the HPA axis is corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). The neuropeptide CRF is part of a peptide family including CRF, urocortin 1-3, urotensin 1-3, and sauvagine. The actions of the CRF family are mediated by at least two different receptors with different anatomical distribution and affinities for the peptides. The CRF peptides affect several behavioral and physiological responses to stress including aggression, feeding, and locomotor activity. This review will summarize recent research in vertebrates concerning how social stress interacts with components of the CRF system. Consideration will be taken to the different models used for social stress ranging from social isolation, dyadic interactions, to group dominance hierarchies. Further, the temporal effect of social stressor from acute, intermittent, to chronic will be considered. Finally, strains selected for specific behavior or physiology linked to social stress will also be discussed.
|
|
| 4. |
- Backström, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
-
CRF and urotensin I effects on aggression and anxiety-like behavior in rainbow trout
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0022-0949 .- 1477-9145. ; 214:6, s. 907-914
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is central in the stress response but also modulates several behaviors including anxiety-related behaviors and aggression. In this study, juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were tested for competitive ability, determined during dyadic fights for dominance, after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of CRF, urotensin I (UI), the non-specific CRF antagonist alpha-helical RF9-41 (ahCRF) or the CRF receptor subtype 1-specific antagonist antalarmin, when paired with a mass-matched con-specific injected with saline. In addition, isolated fish received the same substances. Plasma cortisol and brain monoamines were monitored in all fish. Most fish receiving CRF showed a conspicuous behavior consisting of flaring the opercula, opening the mouth and violent shaking of the head from side to side. When this occurred, the fish immediately forfeited the fight. Similar behavior was observed in most fish receiving UI but no effect on outcome of dyadic fights was noted. This behavior seems similar to non-ambulatory motor activity seen in rats and could be anxiety related. Furthermore, fish receiving CRF at a dose of 1000. ng became subordinate, whereas all other treatments had no effects on the outcome of dyadic fights. In addition, isolated fish receiving ahCRF had lower brain stem concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, serotonin, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and dopamine. In conclusion, CRF seems to attenuate competitive ability, and both CRF and UI seem to induce anxiety-like behavior.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Backström, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
-
Dominance and stress signalling of carotenoid pigmentation in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus): Lateralization effects?
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 138, s. 52-57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social conflicts are usually solved by agonistic interactions where animals use cues to signal dominance or subordinance. Pigmentation change is a common cue used for signalling. In our study, the involvement of carotenoid-based pigmentation in signalling was investigated in juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Size-matched pairs were analysed for pigmentation both before and after being tested for competitive ability. We found that dominant individuals had fewer carotenoid-based spots on the right and left sides as well as lower plasma cortisol levels compared to subordinate individuals. Further, the number of spots on both sides was positively associated with plasma cortisol levels. These results indicate that carotenoid-based pigmentation in Arctic charr signals dominance and stress coping style. Further, it also appears as if carotenoid-based pigmentation is lateralized in Arctic charr, and that the right side signals aggression and dominance whereas the left side signals stress responsiveness. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Backström, Tomas, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Group creativity and work process structure
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The XXVI ISPIM Innovation Conference ISPIM'15.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Creativity in work life typically includes several people, thus there is a need to understand how people interact and support each other in creative group processes. Is there, for example, a need for a structure of the work process of a creative group? This paper is about the possibility to enable self-organisation and if an attempt to do so can increase group creativity. In the experiment of this study half of the groups were given a work process structured to enable self-organisation. The degree of self-organisation was measured with a questionnaire and the idea flow was observed and analysed. Ideas were significantly more often observed and used by other group members in the more self-organised groups, and the two best solutions of the task were find among them. A work process structured according to the six delta model seems to increase self-organization as well as creativity of a group.
|
|
| 9. |
- Backström, Tobias, 1976-
(författare)
-
Roles of Arginine-Vasotocin and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in Stress Responses and Agonistic Behaviour of Rainbow Trout
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The neuropeptides arginine-vasotocin (AVT) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) are involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis. During stress, the HPI axis is activated and cortisol is released into the blood. In addition to their role in the HPI axis, AVT and CRH also have behavioural effects. The roles of AVT and CRH in stress responses and agonistic behaviour were studied in this thesis, using two different models. In the first model, two strains of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) divergent in stress-induced release of cortisol were investigated. This was done by observing behaviour and stress responses under different conditions. These strains were found to have divergent stress coping strategies based on the observed behaviour and levels of plasma cortisol. This divergence in behaviour could be associated with the CRH system, since the mRNA levels of CRH differed between the strains during stress. However, no differences between strains were observed in AVT or its receptor expressions. In the second model, non-selected rainbow trout were paired and the effect of intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of an active substance (AVT, CRH or the CRH related peptide Urotensin-I (UI)) on fights for dominance was investigated. One fish of the pair received the active substance icv and the other received saline icv. Fish receiving AVT became subordinate in accordance with the suggestion that AVT attenuates aggression in territorial vertebrates. Fish receiving CRH became subordinate whereas UI showed no effect on fights for dominance. Further, both CRH and UI induced an anxiety-related behaviour similar to non-ambulatory motor activity in rats. In addition, CRH appeared to affect the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. In this thesis, it is suggested that CRH is involved in the behavioural modulation of the stress coping strategies in teleost fish. Further, AVT and CRH seem to act inhibitory on aggressive behaviour.
|
|
| 10. |
- Backström, Tomas, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-organisation and group creativity
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Creativity and Business Innovation. - 2351-6186. ; :2, s. 65-79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The team has become the basic organisational unit of development and innovation work and an understanding of creativity at the collective level is crucial for long-term sustainability. This article takes a process perspective and understands group creativity as emerging from the interaction among group members. It is about the possibility to enable the emergence of selforganisation, thereby increasing group creativity. This paper presents an experiment where four out of eight randomly formed groups of students were given a work order structured according to the group process model “GroPro”. In groups using the GroPro ideas were significantly more often promoted, observed and used by other group members, and used in the final solution. Further, the two best solutions and the more creative solutions of the task were found among the GroPro groups. A work process structured according to the GroPro model seems to increase self-organisation as well as the creativity of the group. Further, the group process is shown to be more important for group creativity than the individual creativity of the group members. Our results encourage more focus on the group process by both academia and practitioners.
|
|
