| 1. |
- Vuorinen, P. J., et al.
(författare)
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Use of biliary PAH metabolites as a biomarker of pollution in fish from the Baltic Sea
- 2006
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 53:8-9, s. 479-487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During field campaigns of the BEEP project (Biological Effects of Environmental Pollution in Marine Coastal Ecosystems) in 2001–2002, metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in bile samples from three fish species, flounder (Platichthys flesus), perch (Perca fluviatilis) and eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), from four separate areas in the Baltic Sea. Two determination methods were applied: fixed wavelength fluorescence (FF) for pyrene-type metabolites and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC). There was a good correlation between the FF method and 1-OH pyrene determined by HPLC. Normalisation of the FF data for absorbance at 380 nm or bile protein concentrations greatly increased variance in one third and decreased it in two thirds of the cases and resulted in a loss of significant differences (protein normalisation) between the sampling stations, but normalisation of the HPLC data had little effect on the results. The biliary PAH metabolite content was usually higher in males than in females. In perch and eelpout the biliary PAH contents were at similar levels, whereas in flounder the levels were lower. The sampling areas arranged in decreasing order of biliary PAH contents were: Wismar Bay > Gulf of Gdansk > Lithuanian coast > Kvadofjärden (reference area). It is concluded that FF with un-normalised data is a reliable and simple method for monitoring purposes and only one sex of a selected species should be used.
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| 2. |
- Lehtonen, K. K., et al.
(författare)
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The BEEP project in the Baltic Sea: Overview of results and outline for a regional biological effects monitoring strategy
- 2006
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 53:8-9, s. 523-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Field studies in the framework of the EU funded BEEP project (Biological Effects of Environmental Pollution in Marine Coastal Ecosystems, 2001-2004) aimed at validating and intercalibrating a battery of biomarkers of contaminant exposure and effects in selected indicator species in the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic and the Baltic Seas. Major strategic goals of the BEEP project were the development of a sensitive and cost-efficient biological effects monitoring approach, delivery of information and advice to end-user groups, and the implementation of a network of biomarker researchers around Europe. Based on the main results obtained in the Baltic Sea component of the BEEP the present paper summarises and assesses the applicability of biomarkers for different regions and species in this sea area. Moreover, a general strategy and some practical considerations for the monitoring of biological effects in the Baltic Sea are outlined. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Barsiene, J., et al.
(författare)
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Cytogenetic and cytotoxic effects in gill cells of the blue mussel Mytilus spp. from different zones of the Baltic Sea
- 2006
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 53:8-9, s. 469-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frequency of micronuclei (MN) and other nuclear abnormalities (nuclear buds, bi-nucleated and fragmented-apoptotic cells) was analysed in gill cells of the blue mussel (Mytilus spp.) from selected coastal sites in the Baltic Sea-Kvadofjarden (Sweden), Klaipeda-Butinge zone (Lithuania), Gulf of Gdansk (Poland) and Wismar Bay (Germany). Samples were collected from 650 specimens during bi-annual sampling campaigns in 2001 and 2002. The lowest frequency of MN (0.37 MN/1000 cells) was found in blue mussels from the reference site (Kvadofjarden). The highest MN values (up to 6.7 MN/1000 cells) were registered in blue mussels from the Gulf of Gdansk in autumn 2001 and 2002, and at Wismar Bay in spring 2001 (up to 5.06 MN/1000 cells). Gradients of MN incidences were observed when comparing the three studied locations in Wismar Bay, and at the Lithuanian coast before the crude oil spill in the Butinge, oil terminal. Moreover, significant seasonal and inter-location differences in the responses were documented (P < 0.0001). Nuclear abnormalities were. observed most frequently in blue mussels from the Gulf of Gdansk. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Brooks, Steven J., et al.
(författare)
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Water Column Monitoring of the Biological Effects of Produced Water from the Ekofisk Offshore Oil Installation from 2006 to 2009
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1528-7394 .- 1087-2620. ; 74:7-9, s. 582-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Norwegian water column monitoring program investigates the biological effects of offshore oil and gas activities in Norwegian waters. In three separate surveys in 2006, 2008, and 2009, bioaccumulation and biomarker responses were measured in mussels (Mytilus edulis) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) held in cages at known distances from the produced water (PW) discharge at the Ekofisk oil field. Identical monitoring studies performed in all three years have allowed the biological effects and bioaccumulation data to be compared, and in addition, enabled the potential environmental benefits of a PW treatment system (CTour), implemented in 2008, to be evaluated. The results of the 2009 survey showed that caged animals were exposed to low levels of PW components, with highest tissue concentrations in mussels located closest to the PW discharge. Mussels located approximately 1-2 km away demonstrated only background concentrations of target compounds. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and alkyl phenol (AP) metabolites in the bile of caged cod were elevated at stations 200-250 m from the discharge. There was also a signal of exposure relative to discharge for the biomarkers CYP1A in fish and micronuclei in mussels. All other fish and mussel biomarkers showed no significant exposure effects in 2009. The mussel bioaccumulation data in 2009 indicated a lower exposure to the PW effluent than seen previously in 2008 and 2006, resulting in an associated general improvement in the health of the caged mussels. This was due to the reduction in overall discharge of PW components (measured as oil in water) into the area in 2009 compared to previous years as a result of the improved PW treatment system.
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| 6. |
- Turja, R., et al.
(författare)
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A multibiomarker approach to the assessment of pollution impacts in two Baltic Sea coastal areas in Sweden using caged mussels (Mytilus trossulus)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 473, s. 398-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus) were transplanted in cages for three months in two Swedish coastal areas in the Bothnian Sea (northern Baltic Sea) to investigate the interactions between analysed environmental chemicals and biological responses. A wide array of biological parameters (biomarkers) including antioxidant and biotransformation activity, geno-, cyto- and neurotoxic effects, phagocytosis, bioenergetic status and heart rate were measured to detect the possible effects of contaminants. Integrated Biomarker Response index and Principal Component Analysis performed on the individual biological response data were able to discriminate between the two study areas as well as the contaminated sites from their respective local reference sites. The two contaminated sites outside the cities of Sundsvall (station 51) and Gavle (station G1) were characterised by different biomarker response patterns. Mussels at station S1 showed a low condition index, increased heart rate recovery time and phagocytosis activity coinciding with the highest tissue concentrations of some trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organotins. At station G1 the highest organochlorine pesticide concentration was recorded as well as elevations in glutathione S-transferase activity, thiamine content and low lysosomal membrane stability. Significant variability in the geno- and cytotoxic responses and bioenergetic status was also observed at the different caging stations. The results obtained suggest that different chemical mixtures present in the study areas cause variable biological response patterns in organisms.
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