| 1. |
- Benson, Lisa, et al.
(author)
-
Equity and Inclusion in Peer Reviewing : Grand Challenges for Engineering Education Researchers
- 2022
-
In: Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This workshop aims to help individuals write constructive and insightful reviews for scholarly work in engineering education research while considering aspects of diversity, equity and inclusion in the work. The topic, goal and activities of this workshop align with the conference theme of "Grand Challenges in Engineering Education"as it will help participants identify and overcome the challenges involved with equitable and inclusive peer review practices in engineering education research.
|
|
| 2. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(author)
-
Cytokines in nasal fluids from school children with seasonal allergic rhinitis.
- 1997
-
In: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 8:3, s. 143-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Allergic rhinitis is a particularly good model for studies of cytokine production in vivo. In this study the occurrence of the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IFN-gamma as well as the soluble receptor for IL-4 in nasal lavage fluids were assayed in 38 school children, with seasonal allergic rhinitis, and 19 healthy age-matched, non-atopic controls, using highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays. IL-4 levels in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were markedly increased in comparison with those in non-atopic controls or in atopic patients before the start of the pollen season. In controls, but not in the atopic patients, levels of IFN-gamma and IL-5 were significantly higher in specimens obtained during the pollen season than in those obtained outside the season. The IL-4/IFN-gamma ratios were significantly higher in atopic than in non-atopic subjects and further increased in atopic patients during the season. In addition to IL-4, elevated levels of IL-10 were observed in association with seasonal rhinitis. Following treatment with a topical steroid (budesonide) there was a statistically significant increase of the levels of soluble IL-4 receptor. These findings indicate that nonatopic and atopic individuals react to pollen exposure with distinct cytokine patterns in agreement with the Th1/Th2 concept. Topical steroids may possibly decrease inflammation by increasing the formation of soluble IL-4 receptor.
|
|
| 3. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(author)
-
Increase of the soluble IL-4 receptor (IL-4sR) and positive correlation between IL-4sR and IgE in nasal fluids from school children with allergic rhinitis.
- 2000
-
In: Allergy and asthma proceedings. - : OceanSide Publications. - 1088-5412 .- 1539-6304. ; 21:2, s. 89-95
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Soluble cytokine receptors (SCR) can either act as inhibitors, by competitively inhibiting cytokines from binding to their membrane-bound receptors, or as enhancers, by serving as cytokine carriers. We have previously found that the levels of the Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 were positively correlated to eosinophils and IgE in nasal fluids from 60 children with seasonal allergic rhinitis. In this study, nasal fluids were reexamined to analyze IL-4sR, IL-6sR, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-1sR2, TNF-sR1, and TNFsR2 in relation to eosinophils, neutrophils, ECP, and IgE. In allergic patients IL-4sR increased significantly during the pollen season, and weak, but positive correlations with IgE and eosinophils were found (r = 0.45, P < 0.001 and r = 0.4, P < 0.001 respectively). By contrast, none of the other SCR showed increases or correlations with IgE. However, positive correlations between IL1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6sR, IL-1sR2, TNF-sR1, TNF-sR2, and either neutrophils or ECP were found. Also, in healthy controls, these cytokines and their receptors were positively correlated to neutrophils or ECP. Thus, increased levels of the soluble IL-4 receptor, as well as IgE, were specifically associated with allergic rhinitis, whereas all other SCR correlated with either inflammatory cells or their products, in both allergic and healthy subjects. These results may suggest that SCR in vivo act as cytokine enhancers, rather than inhibitors.
|
|
| 4. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(author)
-
Interleukin-5 and interleukin-8 in relation to eosinophils and neutrophils in nasal fluids from school children with seasonal allergic rhinitis.
- 1999
-
In: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 10:3, s. 178-85
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objectives of this study were to measure interleukins 5 and 8 (IL-5 and IL-8) in relation to eosinophils and neutrophils, in nasal lavage fluids from 60 school children with allergic rhinitis, and to determine the influence of treatment with a topical steroid (budesonide) on the levels of the two cytokines. Highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays were used to analyze IL-5 and IL-8. IL-5 levels and relative eosinophil counts in nasal lavage fluid increased significantly in patients with allergic rhinitis during the pollen season, compared with values obtained before the start of the season, and decreased significantly after treatment with budesonide. By contrast, no significant changes in IL-8 or neutrophils were found during the pollen season, nor did they decrease following treatment. In the untreated patients, IL-5 levels correlated significantly with eosinophil counts but not with neutrophil counts, whereas IL-8 levels correlated with neutrophil counts but not with eosinophil counts. After budesonide treatment, the correlation between IL-8 and neutrophils remained, and a correlation between IL-8 and eosinophils emerged. These findings support the concepts that IL-5 has a key role in regulating eosinophils and that IL-8 is important for the regulation of neutrophils. Whereas IL-5 and relative eosinophil counts are profoundly affected by topical steroid treatment, IL-8 and neutrophils are not demonstrably affected by such treatment. It is possible that neutrophils, through the release of IL-8, could be chemotactic for eosinophils in steroid-treated patients.
|
|
| 5. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(author)
-
Low levels of interferon-gamma in nasal fluid accompany raised levels of T-helper 2 cytokines in children with ongoing allergic rhinitis.
- 2000
-
In: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 11:1, s. 20-8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines interleukin-(IL-) 4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma and their associations with eosinophil, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and immunoglobulin (Ig) E were studied in nasal lavage fluid from 60 school children with allergic seasonal rhinitis and 36 nonatopic healthy controls, before and during the pollen season. Eosinophil differential counts and IgE increased significantly in the patients during the pollen season. The eosinophil differential counts, ECP and IgE were all significantly higher during the season than in specimens simultaneously obtained from the nonatopic controls. Before season, the levels of ECP and IgE, but not eosinophils, were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls. During the season the nasal lavage fluid levels of IFN-gamma were significantly lower and the IL-4/IFN-gamma quotients significantly higher in the allergic than in the control children. In the allergic children, but not in the controls, the nasal fluid levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 increased during the season, and together with IL-6, were correlated with the differential counts of eosinophils, and with the levels of ECP and IgE. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that a deficient release of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma plays an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation. Regardless of whether the defective IFN-gamma secretion is primary or a consequence of suppression by other cytokines, it will in the atopic subjects enhance the release of Th2 cytokines, which in turn will facilitate the development of allergic inflammation.
|
|
| 6. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(author)
-
Topical steroid treatment of allergic rhinitis decreases nasal fluid TH2 cytokines, eosinophils, eosinophil cationic protein, and IgE but has no significant effect on IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, or neutrophils.
- 2000
-
In: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 106:2, s. 307-12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Topical treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs) is known to decrease eosinophils but not neutrophils in patients with allergic rhinitis.We sought to examine whether the differential effects of GC treatment on eosinophils and neutrophils are mirrored by differential effects on T(H)1/T(H)2 cytokines and the neutrophil-associated cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha.Differential counts of eosinophils and neutrophils in nasal fluids from 60 children with seasonal allergic rhinitis treated with a topical GC were examined after staining with May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain. Nasal fluid levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha were examined with ELISA, and IgE and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels were examined with RIA.After GC treatment, there was a statistically significant decrease of the T(H)2 cytokines IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10, as well as ECP and IgE. By contrast, there were no significant changes of the levels of IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, or neutrophils. In the GC-treated patients IL-1beta and TNF-alpha levels correlated with neutrophils and ECP, and IL-1beta correlated with eosinophils. Furthermore, ECP correlated with both eosinophils and neutrophils. Neither IL-1beta nor TNF-alpha correlated with IgE. Patients with high neutrophil counts after GC treatment were found to have significantly higher eosinophil counts and ECP than patients with low counts.The beneficial effects of topical treatment with GC in patients with allergic rhinitis could be attributed to downregulation of T(H)2 cytokines, with an ensuing decrease of eosinophils, ECP, and IgE. It is possible that neutrophils could counteract the beneficial effects of GCs by releasing the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bentley, Blair P., et al.
(author)
-
Divergent sensory and immune gene evolution in sea turtles with contrasting demographic and life histories
- 2023
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 120:7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sea turtles represent an ancient lineage of marine vertebrates that evolved from terrestrial ancestors over 100 Mya. The genomic basis of the unique physiological and ecological traits enabling these species to thrive in diverse marine habitats remains largely unknown. Additionally, many populations have drastically declined due to anthropogenic activities over the past two centuries, and their recovery is a high global conservation priority. We generated and analyzed high-quality reference genomes for the leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) and green (Chelonia mydas) turtles, representing the two extant sea turtle families. These genomes are highly syntenic and homologous, but localized regions of noncollinearity were associated with higher copy numbers of immune, zinc-finger, and olfactory receptor (OR) genes in green turtles, with ORs related to waterborne odorants greatly expanded in green turtles. Our findings suggest that divergent evolution of these key gene families may underlie immunological and sensory adaptations assisting navigation, occupancy of neritic versus pelagic environments, and diet specialization. Reduced collinearity was especially prevalent in microchromosomes, with greater gene content, heterozygosity, and genetic distances between species, supporting their critical role in vertebrate evolutionary adaptation. Finally, diversity and demographic histories starkly contrasted between species, indicating that leatherback turtles have had a low yet stable effective population size, exhibit extremely low diversity compared with other reptiles, and harbor a higher genetic load compared with green turtles, reinforcing concern over their persistence under future climate scenarios. These genomes provide invaluable resources for advancing our understanding of evolution and conservation best practices in an imperiled vertebrate lineage.
|
|
| 8. |
- Edström, Kristina, 1963-, et al.
(author)
-
Review Unto Others As You Would Have Others Review Unto You
- 2020
-
In: Proceedings IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE 2020). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781728189611
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This workshop invites discussion about peer review of journal manuscripts in the field of engineering education. The aim is to generate advice for reviewers on how to make effective reviews, which can help editors make appropriate decisions and support authors in improving their manuscripts. The workshop is facilitated by editors of three leading engineering education journals.
|
|
| 9. |
- Groenewold, Nynke A., et al.
(author)
-
Volume of subcortical brain regions in social anxiety disorder : mega-analytic results from 37 samples in the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group
- 2023
-
In: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Nature. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 28:3, s. 1079-1089
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is limited convergence in neuroimaging investigations into volumes of subcortical brain regions in social anxiety disorder (SAD). The inconsistent findings may arise from variations in methodological approaches across studies, including sample selection based on age and clinical characteristics. The ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group initiated a global mega-analysis to determine whether differences in subcortical volumes can be detected in adults and adolescents with SAD relative to healthy controls. Volumetric data from 37 international samples with 1115 SAD patients and 2775 controls were obtained from ENIGMA-standardized protocols for image segmentation and quality assurance. Linear mixed-effects analyses were adjusted for comparisons across seven subcortical regions in each hemisphere using family-wise error (FWE)-correction. Mixed-effects d effect sizes were calculated. In the full sample, SAD patients showed smaller bilateral putamen volume than controls (left: d = −0.077, pFWE = 0.037; right: d = −0.104, pFWE = 0.001), and a significant interaction between SAD and age was found for the left putamen (r = −0.034, pFWE = 0.045). Smaller bilateral putamen volumes (left: d = −0.141, pFWE < 0.001; right: d = −0.158, pFWE < 0.001) and larger bilateral pallidum volumes (left: d = 0.129, pFWE = 0.006; right: d = 0.099, pFWE = 0.046) were detected in adult SAD patients relative to controls, but no volumetric differences were apparent in adolescent SAD patients relative to controls. Comorbid anxiety disorders and age of SAD onset were additional determinants of SAD-related volumetric differences in subcortical regions. To conclude, subtle volumetric alterations in subcortical regions in SAD were detected. Heterogeneity in age and clinical characteristics may partly explain inconsistencies in previous findings. The association between alterations in subcortical volumes and SAD illness progression deserves further investigation, especially from adolescence into adulthood.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
