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- Tobias, Joshua, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Involvement of main diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, with emphasis on enteroaggregative E. coli, in severe non-epidemic pediatric diarrhea in a high-income country
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bmc Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Bacterial and viral enteric pathogens are the leading cause of diarrhea in infants and children. We aimed to identify and characterize the main human diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) in stool samples obtained from children less than 5 years of age, hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in Israel, and to examine the hypothesis that co-infection with DEC and other enteropathogens is associated with the severity of symptoms. Methods: Stool specimens obtained from 307 patients were tested by multiplex PCR (mPCR) to identify enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). Specimens were also examined for the presence of rotavirus by immunochromatography, and of Shigella, Salmonella and Campylobacter by stool culture; clinical information was also obtained. Results: Fifty nine (19%) children tested positive for DEC; EAEC and atypical EPEC were most common, each detected in 27 (46%), followed by ETEC (n = 3; 5%), EHEC and typical EPEC (each in 1 child; 1.5%). Most EAEC isolates were resistant to cephalexin, cefixime, cephalothin and ampicillin, and genotypic characterization of EAEC isolates by O-typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed possible clonal relatedness among some. The likelihood of having > 10 loose/watery stools on the most severe day of illness was significantly increased among patients with EAEC and rotavirus co-infection compared to children who tested negative for both pathogens: adjusted odds ratio 7.0 (95% CI 1.45-33.71, P = 0.015). Conclusion: DEC was common in this pediatric population, in a high-income country, and mixed EAEC and rotavirus infection was characterized by especially severe diarrhea.
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| 2. |
- Bialik, Marta, et al.
(författare)
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Using the pitzer method to estimate the boiling point rise in black liquor solutions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 24:2, s. 172-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The boiling point rise (elevation) of aqueous industrial solutions is often of significant importance for the design of process conditions, equipment, heat balances, etc. However, few rigorous methods exist for predicting boiling point elevation in complex, multicomponent, electrolyte solutions. An example of such a solution is the black liquor obtained in kraft pulp production: a complex mixture of organic and inorganic ions including Na +, K + OH -, HS - C0 3 2- S0 4 2- S 20 3 2- CH 3COO - various phenolates and many more. This work shows one application of the semi-empirical Pitzer method to the theoretical prediction of the boiling point rise in industrial black liquor solutions. The values of the boiling point elevation were measured in two series of black liquors from representative Swedish mills, including both the original and lignin-lean black liquor at different solid contents. The results show a good agreement between experimental and predicted values at low to moderate solid content, and good qualitative prediction at high solid content.
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