| 1. |
- Boge, Lukas, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Cubosomes for topical delivery of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3441 .- 0939-6411. ; 134, s. 60-67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the use of cubosomes for topical delivery of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) LL-37 was investigated. Topical delivery of AMPs is of great interest for treatment of skin infections caused by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. AMP containing cubosomes were produced by three different preparation protocols and compared: (i) pre-loading, where LL-37 was incorporated into a liquid crystalline gel, which thereafter was dispersed into nanoparticles, (ii) post-loading, where LL-37 was let to adsorb onto pre-formed cubosomes, and (iii) hydrotrope-loading, where LL-37 was incorporated during the spontaneously formed cubosomes in an ethanol/glycerol monooleate mixture. Particle size and size distribution were analyzed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), liquid crystalline structure by small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and release of LL-37 by a fluorescamine assay. Proteolytic protection of LL-37 as well as bactericidal effect after enzyme exposure was investigated. The skin irritation potential of cubosomes was examined by an in vitro epidermis model. Finally, the bacterial killing property of the cubosomes was examined by an ex vivo pig skin wound infection model with Staphylococcus aureus. Data showed that a high loading of LL-37 induced formation of vesicles in case of cubosomes prepared by sonication (pre-loading). No release of LL-37 was observed from the cubosomes, indicating strong association of the peptide to the particles. Proteolysis studies showed that LL-37 was fully protected against enzymatic attacks while associated with the cubosomes, also denoting strong association of the peptide to the particles. As a consequence, bactericidal effect after enzyme exposure remained, compared to pure LL-37 which was subjected to proteolysis. No skin irritation potential of the cubosomes was found, thus enabling for topical administration. The ex vivo wound infection model showed that LL-37 in pre-loaded cubosomes killed bacteria most efficient.
|
|
| 2. |
- Boge, Lukas, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Cubosomes post-loaded with antimicrobial peptides: Characterization, bactericidal effect and proteolytic stability
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 526:1-2, s. 400-412
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel antibiotics, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), have recently attended more and more attraction. In this work, dispersed cubic liquid crystalline gel (cubosomes) was used as drug delivery vehicles for three AMPs (AP114, DPK-060 and LL-37). Association of peptides onto cubosomes was studied at two cubosome/peptide ratios using high performance liquid chromatography, ?-potential and circular dichroism measurements. AMPs impact on the cubosome structure was investigated using small angle x-ray scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The antimicrobial effect of the AMP loaded cubosomes was studied in vitro by minimum inhibitory concentration and time-kill assays. Proteolytic protection was investigated by incubating the formulations with two elastases and the antimicrobial effect after proteolysis was studied using radial diffusion assay. Different association efficacy onto the cubosomes was observed among the AMPs, with LL-37 showing greatest association (>60%). AP114 loaded cubosomes displayed a preserved antimicrobial effect, whereas for LL-37 the broad spectrum bacterial killing was reduced to only comprise Gram-negative bacteria. Interestingly, DPK-060 loaded cubosomes showed a slight enhanced effect against S. aureus and E. coli strains. Moreover, the cubosomes were found to protect LL-37 from proteolytic degradation, resulting in a significantly better bactericidal effect after being subjected to elastase, compared to unformulated peptide.
|
|
| 3. |
- Boge, Lukas, 1987
(författare)
-
Lipid-based liquid crystals as drug delivery vehicles for antimicrobial peptides
- 2017
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of antimicrobial resistance is a great challenge within the health sector around the world. The demand for new efficient treatments is alarming in order to treat various bacterial infections in the near future. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of novel antibiotics that have gain more and more attraction the past decade. However, AMPs suffers from relatively low stability due to proteolytic and chemical degradation. As a consequence, carrier systems protecting the AMPs are highly needed for achieving efficient treatments. In this thesis, lyotropic liquid crystalline (LC) structures consisting of cubic glycerol monooleate/water and hexagonal glycerol monooleate/oleic acid/water have been examined as carriers for three AMPs (AP114, DPK-060 and LL-37). Both bulk gels and discrete dispersed structures, i.e. cubosomes and hexosomes have been studied. Moreover, two different peptide loading approaches for the cubosomes were tested and compared; pre- and post-loading. Characterization of the LC structures was performed using small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) and peptide loading efficacy by liquid chromatography. The antimicrobial effect of the AMP loaded LC nanoparticles (LCNPs) was studied in vitro using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time-kill assays. Proteolytic protection was investigated by incubating the formulations with two elastases and the antimicrobial effect after proteolysis was studied using radial diffusion assay (RDA). Results showed that the most hydrophobic peptide (AP114) was prone to induce an increase in negative curvature of the bulk cubic LC gel, hence pushing the system towards a hexagonal structure. The most polar peptide (DPK-060) induced a decrease in negative curvature while LL-37 did not change the LC phase at all. The hexagonal LC phase was not affected by any of the AMPs. The cubic pre- and post-loaded LCNPs displayed promising antimicrobial activity, and sometimes could a synergetic effect be observed, resulting in a slightly better activity than the unformulated AMP. The hexagonal LCNPs were found to be very efficient in encapsulating the AMPs, but did not display any antimicrobial effect, indicating insufficient delivery of peptide to the bacteria. Moreover, cubosomes post-loaded with LL-37 was found to protect the peptide from proteolytic degradation, resulting in a significant better bactericidal effect after proteolysis.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
