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| 2. |
- Vlachos, Ioannis, et al.
(författare)
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Neural system prediction and identification challenge
- 2013
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroinformatics. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-5196. ; 7:DEC, s. 43-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Can we infer the function of a biological neural network (BNN) if we know the connectivity and activity of all its constituent neurons? This question is at the core of neuroscience and, accordingly, various methods have been developed to record the activity and connectivity of as many neurons as possible. Surprisingly, there is no theoretical or computational demonstration that neuronal activity and connectivity are indeed sufficient to infer the function of a BNN. Therefore, we pose the Neural Systems Identification and Prediction Challenge (nuSPIC). We provide the connectivity and activity of all neurons and invite participants (1) to infer the functions implemented (hard-wired) in spiking neural networks (SNNs) by stimulating and recording the activity of neurons and, (2) to implement predefined mathematical/biological functions using SNNs. The nuSPICs can be accessed via a web-interface to the NEST simulator and the user is not required to know any specific programming language. Furthermore, the nuSPICs can be used as a teaching tool. Finally, nuSPICs use the crowd-sourcing model to address scientific issues. With this computational approach we aim to identify which functions can be inferred by systematic recordings of neuronal activity and connectivity. In addition, nuSPICs will help the design and application of new experimental paradigms based on the structure of the SNN and the presumed function which is to be discovered.
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| 3. |
- Ayele, Workneh Y., et al.
(författare)
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Identifying Emerging Trends and Temporal Patterns About Self-driving Cars in Scientific Literature
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advances in Computer Vision. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030177973 - 9783030177980 ; , s. 355-372
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-driving is an emerging technology which has several benefits such as improved quality of life, crash reductions, and fuel efficiency. There are however concerns regarding the utilization of self-driving technology such as affordability, safety, control, and liabilities. There is an increased effort in research centers, academia, and the industry to advance every sphere of science and technology yet it is getting harder to find innovative ideas. However, there is untapped potential to analyze the increasing research results using visual analytics, scientometrics, and machine learning. In this paper, we used scientific literature database, Scopus to collect relevant dataset and applied a visual analytics tool, CiteSpace, to conduct co-citation clustering, term burst detection, time series analysis to identify emerging trends, and analysis of global impacts and collaboration. Also, we applied unsupervised topic modeling, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to identify hidden topics for gaining more insight about topics regarding self-driving technology. The results show emerging trends relevant to self-driving technology and global and regional collaboration between countries. Moreover, the result form the LDA shows that standard topic modeling reveals hidden topics without trend information. We believe that the result of this study indicates key technological areas and research domains which are the hot spots of the technology. For the future, we plan to include dynamic topic modeling to identify trends.
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| 4. |
- Li, Guofa, et al.
(författare)
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Driver Behavior in Intelligent Transportation Systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine. - 1939-1390 .- 1941-1197. ; 14:3, s. 7-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Drivers are the center of road/air/sea transportation systems, and they can be either human beings or artificial beings. Inconsistency between human driver behavior and artificial driver behavior will lead to accidents and congestion in intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) [1] , [2] . To make future ITSs trustworthy for traffic safety and acceptable for travel efficiency, developing industrial ITS applications based on drivers’ reliable behavioral and cognitive intelligence is essential [3] . However, there are many challenges to be addressed, including real-time behavior prediction, reliable decision making, safe interaction among human and artificial drivers, and so on.
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| 5. |
- Pinto, Constâncio António, et al.
(författare)
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Contributions of petri nets to the reliability and availability of an electrical power system in a big European hospital - A case study
- 2021
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Ingår i: WSEAS transactions on systems and control. - : World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society. - 1991-8763 .- 2224-2856. ; 16, s. 21-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy power supply infrastructure of a hospital, to function correctly, needs to be well maintained to ensure its reliability and, by consequence, the maximum integrated availability. In this paper, the authors propose the use of Petri Nets to help the improvement of the electric power system reliability, having as a case study a big European Hospital. The purpose of the research is to identify and analyse the potential failures of the system and to suggest solutions to improve the operations and maintenance to maximise the availability and reliability of those assets through possible and objective answers. It was necessary to develop a diagnosis and planning methodology to assess the reliability of several components of the energy power supply system. It is dynamic modelling based on a block diagram of the system and transposed to representation by Petri Nets. The analysis and the simulation of the discrete events of the system, as well as the visualisation of the process functioning and the communications inside, was made. Additionally, they were referred to other approaches, like the Fuzzy Petri Nets and Stochastic Petri Nets, as well as a future balance about its application in a situation like the analysed in this paper.
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| 6. |
- Moses, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Dimensions of change in make or buy decision processes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Strategic Outsourcing. - : Emerald. - 1753-8297 .- 1753-8300. ; 1:3, s. 230-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the dimensions along which make or buy decision processes change over time. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a longitudinal in-depth case study of a large industrial company, where the data were collected using interviews, documentation and observations. The data were analyzed using chronological patterns, and findings were then compared with the literature on make or buy decision processes. Findings Nine dimensions were found along which the make or buy decision process had changed over time. The dimensions were cross-functionality, structure, regularity, formality, awareness, mandatory, information distribution and management and flexibility. The causes of the changes were related to a combination of company internal and external events and contexts. Research limitations/implications The findings should be seen as a first attempt in assisting in the creation of a foundation for constructing more dynamic make or buy decision process models. However, since the findings are based on a single case, they need to be complemented by more research in order to help determine how context sensitive the identified dimensions are. Practical implications The nine dimensions of change can be used as a checklist for managers in designing their decision process. Originality/value The paper adds to existing research, which takes a static viewpoint and does not include a dynamic perspective, in that, the longitudinal nature of our research creates opportunities for developing more dynamic make or buy decision process models. The paper clarifies how make or buy decision processes develop over time, and how they cannot be seen as a one-time implementation but rather as a process that needs both structure and flexibility.
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| 7. |
- Kianpour, I., et al.
(författare)
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78 nW ultra-low-power 17 kS/s two-step-successive approximation register analogue-to-digital converter for RFID and sensing applications
- 2012
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Ingår i: IET CIRC DEVICE SYST. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-858X. ; 6:6, s. 397-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study an ultra-low-power successive approximation register (SAR) analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) for radio frequency identification (RFID) applications is presented. Several techniques are used to further reduce power consumption and relatively elevate the speed of the conventional SAR ADC. These techniques include a low-power comparator with no static current, a dual-stage (resistor-string/capacitive dividing) architecture as digital-to-analogue converter (DAC), and utilising low-power design with the aid of low supply voltages: 0.7 V for DAC, and 0.5 V for SAR block and pulse generator circuitry (PGC). In the DAC architecture fine search will be performed by only two C and 15C capacitors which reduce the silicon area significantly. The circuit designed in 0.18 mu m complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), technology and post-layout simulations show that the 8-bit core ADC consumes almost 78.4 nW at 17.8 kS/s speed whereas the PGC block consumes 84.1 nW. The results show that the proposed ADC has higher speed with almost the same power consumption in comparison to its charge redistribution counterparts.
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| 8. |
- Peterson, Martin
(författare)
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An introduction to decision theory
- 2010
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This introduction to decision theory offers comprehensive and accessible discussions of decision-making under ignorance and risk, the foundations of utility theory, the debate over subjective and objective probability, Bayesianism, causal decision theory, game theory, and social choice theory. No mathematical skills are assumed, and all concepts and results are explained in non-technical and intuitive as well as more formal ways. There are over 100 exercises with solutions, and a glossary of key terms and concepts. An emphasis on foundational aspects of normative decision theory (rather than descriptive decision theory) makes the book particularly useful for philosophy students, but it will appeal to readers in a range of disciplines including economics, psychology, political science and computer science.
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| 9. |
- Vlachos, Ioannis, et al.
(författare)
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Context-Dependent Encoding of Fear and Extinction Memories in a Large-Scale Network Model of the Basal Amygdala
- 2011
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Ingår i: PloS Computational Biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-734X .- 1553-7358. ; 7:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The basal nucleus of the amygdala (BA) is involved in the formation of context-dependent conditioned fear and extinction memories. To understand the underlying neural mechanisms we developed a large-scale neuron network model of the BA, composed of excitatory and inhibitory leaky-integrate-and-fire neurons. Excitatory BA neurons received conditioned stimulus (CS)-related input from the adjacent lateral nucleus (LA) and contextual input from the hippocampus or medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We implemented a plasticity mechanism according to which CS and contextual synapses were potentiated if CS and contextual inputs temporally coincided on the afferents of the excitatory neurons. Our simulations revealed a differential recruitment of two distinct subpopulations of BA neurons during conditioning and extinction, mimicking the activation of experimentally observed cell populations. We propose that these two subgroups encode contextual specificity of fear and extinction memories, respectively. Mutual competition between them, mediated by feedback inhibition and driven by contextual inputs, regulates the activity in the central amygdala (CEA) thereby controlling amygdala output and fear behavior. The model makes multiple testable predictions that may advance our understanding of fear and extinction memories.
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