| 1. |
- Buda, Vincas, et al.
(författare)
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p-Cresol : A Sex Pheromone Component Identified from the Estrous Urine of Mares
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 38:7, s. 811-813
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previously it was shown that m- and p-cresols in the urine of mares exhibits a temporally reproducible pattern that is dependent on ovarian activity and, thus, provides information about the timing of ovulation. New behavioral data demonstrate 1) that stallions spend significantly more time sniffing p-cresol as compared to o-, and m-cresols, and, 2) that the extent of stallions' erections differ significantly in response to different types of samples. The lowest erection level was recorded for the pure-water control, a moderate erection level was elicited by the urine of diestrous mares, and the highest erection level was elicited by urine of a diestrous mare containing synthetic p-cresol at a quantity equivalent to half of the amount of p-cresol found in the urine of estrous mares. Consequently, p-cresol is at least one of the components of a horse sex pheromone.
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| 2. |
- Löfstedt, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of the sex pheromone of the currant shoot borer, Lampronia capitella
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - 1573-1561. ; 30:3, s. 643-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under an artificial light: dark cycle, females of Lampronia capitella were observed calling, with extended terminal abdominal segments, during the first 2 hr of the photoperiod. Extracts of terminal abdominal segments from females elicited large electroantennographic responses from male antennae. Gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection revealed three active peaks. Based on comparison of retention times and mass spectra of synthetic standards, these compounds were identified as (Z;Z)-9,11-tetradecadienol and the corresponding acetate and aldehyde. The electroantennographic activity of the four geometric isomers of all three compounds was investigated, and the respective (Z,Z)-isomer was found to be the most active in all cases. Aldehydes generally elicited larger antennal responses than alcohols, whereas acetates were the least active compounds. A subtractive trapping assay in the field, based on a 13: 26: 100 1 g mixture of (Z,Z)-9,11-tetradecadienal, (Z,Z)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate, and (Z,Z)-9,11-tetradecadienol confirmed that all three compounds are pheromone components. Subtraction of (Z,Z)-9,11-tetradecadienol from the blend completely eliminated its attractiveness, whereas the other two-component blends showed reduced activity. This is the first pheromone identification from the monotrysian superfamily Incurvarioidea, confirming that the common pheromones among ditrysian moths (long-chain fatty acid derivatives comprising alcohols, acetates, and aldehydes with one or more double bonds) is not an autapomorphy of Ditrysia, but a synapomorphy of the more advanced heteroneuran lineages.
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| 3. |
- Löfstedt, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Pheromone differences between sibling taxa Diachrysia chrysitis (linnaeus, 1758) and D. tutti (Kostrowicki, 1961) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae)
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - 0098-0331. ; 20:1, s. 91-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The noctuid sibling taxa Diachrysia chrysitis s. str. and D. tutti, of yet uncertain taxonomic status, have previously been shown to possess differences in morphology and to be attracted to different mixtures of the two presumed pheromone components (Z)-5-decenyl acetate and (Z)-7-decenyl acetate. Typical D. tutti males (clearly broken forewing marking) are known to respond to a 2: 100 mixture of the two isomers, whereas D. chrysitis males (unbroken marking) are attracted to a 100: 10 mixture. We investigated female pheromone production and male electroantennographic (EAG) response in Diachrysia families raised in the laboratory from field-collected gravid females. Extracts of individual females from typical D. tutti and D. chrysitis families were subjected to gas chromatography with simultaneous flame ionization and electroantennographic detection. All females produced mixtures of Z5- and Z7-10:OAc, but female D. chrysitis produced predominantly Z5-10:OAc and the antennae of their brothers responded more strongly to the Z5 peak than to the Z7-10:OAc peak, whereas the opposite was true for D. tutti families. The pheromone components were shown to be biosynthesized from hexadecanoic and tetradecanoic acid, respectively by Z11-desaturation followed by chain shortening, reduction, and acetylation. The EAG responses of males trapped with the typical D. tutti and D. chrysitis blends, as well as with an intermediate blend, were investigated. Males trapped with the D. tutti mixture almost exclusively had a clearly broken wing marking and showed strongest EAG response to Z7-10:OAc. The intermediate blend and the D. chrysitis mixture gave more mixed catches, but with a prevalence of males with an unbroken (or almost unbroken) wing marking and with a higher mean response to Z5-10:OAc. Some males with typical D. tutti EAG responses were attracted in the field to the D. chrysitis pheromone. In the flight tunnel some D. chrysitis males were attracted also to the D. tutti mixture. This indicates that cross attraction may take place between the two taxa under natural conditions.
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| 4. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(författare)
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Hippophae rhamnoides berry related Pichia kudriavzevii yeast volatiles modify behaviour of Rhagoletis batava flies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 2090-1232 .- 2090-1224. ; 21, s. 71-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Olfactory cues have a large impact on insect behaviour and fitness consequently showing potential in pest management. Yeast released volatiles are used by insects as olfactory cues for finding feeding and oviposition sites. The yeast strain SB-16-15 was isolated from spontaneous fermentation of Hippophae rhamnoides berries and identified as Pichia kudriavzevii. Thirty-nine volatiles were sampled from the headspace of P. kudriavzevii yeasts by solid phase micro extraction and identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. Ten of those volatiles elicited antennal responses of Rhagoletis batava flies, one of the most serious pest of H. rhamnoides berries. In the two-choice experiments, R. batava flies preferred the mixture composed of nine synthetic compounds analogous to electroanntenographic active volatiles released by the yeasts compare to the solvent control. Female flies were significantly attracted to the mixture at the concentration 0.1 mu L mL(-1) and showed no preference to the mixture at the Peer concentration 1 mu L mL(-1) versus control while males reacted positively to the synthetic blend at the concentration 1 mu L mL(-1). Herein, for the first time, behaviour modifying effect of H. rhamnoides berry related yeast volatiles was shown suggesting these semiochemicals have potential in use for monitoring R. batava flies.
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| 5. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(författare)
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Intra- and Interspecific Activities of Semiochemicals from the Sex Pheromone Gland of the Welsh Clearwing, Synanthedon Scoliaeformis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 39:8, s. 1066-1069
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of the sex pheromone gland of virgin Synanthedon scoliaeformis females by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed six compounds structurally related to sex pheromone components of other clearwing moths: (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienyl acetate (E2,Z13-18:OAc), (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienol, octadecanol acetate, octadecanol, (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate (Z3,Z13-18:OAc), and (Z)-13-octadecenyl acetate. Trapping tests demonstrated that E2,Z13-18:OAc is the sex pheromone of S. scoliaeformis and is essential for attracting males; addition of the other compounds did not enhance catch. Synanthedon scoliaeformis and S. tipuliformis are the only Palearctic clearwing moths whose distribution range and seasonal flight periods overlap and that are known to use E2,Z13-18:OAc in sex pheromonal communication. Hourly monitoring of male catches in traps revealed that sex pheromone communication in S. scoliaeformis and S. tipuliformis species follows different diurnal patterns. Z3,Z13-18:OAc, found in S. scoliaeformis females, is a known behavioral antagonist against S. tipuliformis males, while (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate, a minor sex pheromone component of S. tipuliformis, is an antagonist against S. scoliaeformis males. The effect of sex pheromones and antagonists, combined with different diurnal mate searching times, contribute to the specificity of sex communication channels in these two clearwing moth species.
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| 6. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of Solid-Phase Microextraction Sampling for Analysis of Volatile Compounds Emitted from Oestrous Urine of Mares
- 2010
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0939-5075 .- 1865-7125. ; 65:1-2, s. 127-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique was applied and optimized for collection of volatile compounds emitted from oestrous urine of mares Equs cabalus L (Perissodactyla, Equidae) for GC-MS analyses. Variables Such as type Of SPMF fibre, Collection time of volatiles, and addition of salt were optimized to improve the sampling efficiency ill two aspects: extent and selectivity of absorption/adsorption Of urine volatiles onto SPME fibres. The data revealed that the number of volatiles and the total amount represented as quantitative peak areas of the compounds trapped oil fibres coated either with polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene or with divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane were significantly higher compared to those coated with polydimethylsiloxane. polyacrylate, and carbowax-divinylbenzene. The polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene-type of the fibre coating was chosen for optimization of sampling time and effect of salt addition. Sampling periods lasted for 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. The optimal collection time of volatiles from urine maintained at about 36 degrees C was 60 min, as the number Of compounds detected with amounts Sufficient for quantification did not differ significantly from those trapped during longer collection periods. No significant increase in total amount of volatiles trapped was registered after 120 min of sampling. Addition Of 0.3 g NaCl to the 2-ml of samples shortened the collection period from 60 to 15 min during which almost all compounds were trapped. Addition of salt has a significant effect at all sampling periods taking into consideration the total amounts Of volatiles trapped. The total intensities increased about 8, 5, 3, 3, and 2 times at collection periods of 15, 30 60, 120, and 240 min, respectively, when compare with the ones obtained from the urine samples with no salt addition. In oestrous mare's urine. 139 +/- 4 (average number standard +/- deviation) volatile compounds Suitable for quantitative analyses were detected compared to 45 compounds collected by the gas-tight syndrome method.
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| 7. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(författare)
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p- and m-Cresols emitted from estrous urine are reliable volatile chemical markers of ovulation in mares
- 2012
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Ingår i: Animal Reproduction Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-4320 .- 1873-2232. ; 130:1-2, s. 51-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urine samples from 14 mares, belonging to five breeds, were collected at estrus and diestrus to search for estrous specific volatile compounds which could be used to determine ovulation time. Around 150 volatiles were collected from urine head-space samples by solid phase micro extraction technique, and analyses were conducted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. Comparison of chromatographic profiles of volatile substances revealed that concentrations of m- and p-cresols were significantly greater during estrus while diethylphthalate was more abundant at diestrus. Monitoring of m- and p-cresols during the period of estrus and a few days before and after estrus revealed irregular changes in amounts of cresols until 3-4 days before ovulation when the concentration of the compounds began to increase with peaks 1 day before ovulation. On the day when ovulation occurred, amounts of the metabolites decreased sharply, almost to basal concentrations, and remained at these concentrations for 6 days - when sampling was finished. In four of the mares changes in the concentration of diethylphthalate were less pronounced and more temporally variable compared with those of cresols. Based on reproducible temporal changes in concentrations of m- and p-cresols, with respect to the time of ovulation, a noninvasive test to determine a precise insemination time could occur. This would save time, reduce costs and simplify the procedure.
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| 8. |
- Mozuraitis, Raimondas, et al.
(författare)
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Volatiles released from foliar extract of host plant enhance landing rates of gravid Polygonia c-album females, but do not stimulate oviposition
- 2016
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0013-8703 .- 1570-7458. ; 158:3, s. 275-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of olfactory cues for host search is much less investigated in day-active butterflies than in their relatives, the nocturnal moths. The goal of this study was to investigate whether host-plant volatiles from foliar extracts of hop, Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabaceae), evoke electroantennographic (EAG) responses, increase landing rates, and stimulate egg-laying behavior of gravid Polygonia c-album L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) females. Eighty-nine volatile compounds were detected in a non-concentrated methanol extract of hop by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 11 of which elicited an EAG response. Concentration of the crude extract significantly reduced landing rates on artificial leaves treated with the sample due to loss of volatile compounds, but after landing the oviposition response of gravid females was not affected. A mixture of eight commercially available EAG-active volatiles increased the landing rate of gravid females to their source but did not act as oviposition stimulants. Dividing the volatile compounds into two groups - consisting of (1) hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, octanal, nonanal, and decanal, and (2) sulcatone, humulene, and benzyl alcohol - obliterated effectiveness, revealing synergism between compounds. Although volatiles did not stimulate oviposition, they significantly contributed to the distribution of eggs by increasing the landing rates on treated artificial leaves.
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