| 1. |
- Calcagno, A., et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid abacavir concentrations in HIV-positive patients following once-daily administration
- 2018
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Ingår i: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0306-5251. ; 84:6, s. 1380-1383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abacavir is a widely used nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, for which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exposure has been previously assessed in twice-daily recipients. We studied abacavir CSF concentrations in 61 and nine HIV-positive patients taking abacavir once daily and twice daily, respectively. Patients on once-daily abacavir had higher plasma and CSF concentrations (96 vs. 22ngml(-1), P = 0.038 and 123 vs. 49ngml(-1), P=0.038) but similar CSF-to-plasma ratios (0.8 vs. 0.5, P=0.500). CSF abacavir concentrations were adequate in patients receiving once-daily treatment.
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| 2. |
- Torrisi, Lorenzo, et al.
(författare)
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High intensity laser-generating plasmas in forward direction in thin films and Thomson parabola spectrometer monitorage
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Asterix laser at PALS Laboratory of Prague, operating at 1315 nm fundamental wavelength, 300 ps pulse duration, 1016 W/cm2 intensity and single pulse mode, was employed to irradiate thin hydrogenated targets placed in high vacuum. Non-equilibrium plasmas were obtained in forward direction, i.e. along the normal to the target surface on the rear of the irradiated thin films. Plasmas were monitored with different ion detectors, placed around the direction normal to the target. The main detector was a Thomson parabola spectrometer aligned along the normal in forward direction. This spectrometer permits to provide many plasma parameters concerning the involved ions (energy, charge state, mass,...) obtained in a single laser shot. The spectrometer images, obtained by using a MCP coupled to a fast CCD camera, can be processed by a comparison with the simulation data obtained by a proper software. High ion energies and charge states have been obtained as a function of the laser parameters, target thickness and composition and irradiation conditions.
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| 3. |
- Torrisi, Lorenzo, et al.
(författare)
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Proton driven acceleration by intense laser pulses irradiating thin hydrogenated targets
- 2013
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 272, s. 2-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Asterix iodine laser of the PALS laboratory in Prague, operating at 1315 nm fundamental frequency, 300 ps pulse duration, 600 J maximum pulse energy and 1016 W/cm2 intensity, is employed to irradiatethin hydrogenated targets placed in high vacuum. Different metallic and polymeric targets allow togenerate multi-energetic and multi-specie ion beams showing peculiar properties. The plasma obtainedby the laser irradiation is monitored, in terms of properties of the emitted charge particles, by using time-of-flight techniques and Thomson parabola spectrometer (TPS). A particular attention is given tothe proton beam production in terms of the maximum energy, emission yield and angular distributionas a function of the laser energy, focal position (FP), target thickness and composition.
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| 4. |
- Calcagno, A., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of darunavir cerebrospinal fluid concentrations: impact of once-daily dosing and pharmacogenetics
- 2012
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Ingår i: Aids. - 0269-9370. ; 26:12, s. 1529-1533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) darunavir and ritonavir concentrations in patients receiving darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily or 600/100 mg twice daily. To determine the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes encoding for blood-brain barrier transporters (ABCB1 3435 C>T, ABCB1 1236 C>T, ABCB1 2677 G>T, SLCO1A2 38 A>G, SLCO1A2 516 A>C, ABCC2-24 G>A) on darunavir and ritonavir penetration into CSF. Design: Comparative pharmacokinetics study in patients. Methods: Plasma and CSF darunavir and ritonavir concentrations (2-26 h after drug intake) were determined by a validated HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry method in adults on darunavir-based combination antiretroviral therapy undergoing a lumbar puncture. Results: HIV-infected patients on once-daily darunavir/ritonavir had significantly lower CSF darunavir trough concentrations and CSF-to-plasma ratios than patients on darunavir/ritonavir twice-daily (10.7 versus 38.2 ng/ml and 0.32 versus 0.90%; P < 0.05). No significant effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes encoding for blood-brain barrier transporters was noted apart from slightly higher CSF darunavir penetration in patients carrying OATP1A2 uncommon variants. Conclusions: This is the first study to compare darunavir CSF concentrations in patients taking the once-daily or the twice-daily dosage: our data show that darunavir and ritonavir dosing significantly affects not only CSF concentrations but also the extent of drug penetration into the CSF. Furthermore a minority of patients in the once-daily arm presented very low CSF concentration of potential concern for HIV control in the central nervous system. The relative importance of pharmacogenetics in influencing CSF darunavir pharmacokinetics deserves further clinical investigation. (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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| 5. |
- Calcagno, A., et al.
(författare)
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Alzheimer Dementia in People Living With HIV
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neurology-Clinical Practice. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2163-0402 .- 2163-0933. ; 11:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Given the aging of people living with HIV (PLWH) and the high prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, we aimed at describing the clinical, instrumental, and CSF features of PLWH diagnosed with Alzheimer dementia (AD). Methods The databases of 3 large Italian outpatient clinics taking care of more than 9,000 PLWH were searched for the diagnosis of AD. After obtaining patients' or their next of kin's consent for publication, anonymous data were collected in an excel spreadsheet and described. Routinely collected CSF biomarkers and radiologic imaging results were recorded whether available. Results Four patients were included in this case series who were diagnosed with AD aged between 60 and 74 years. All participants were on highly active antiretroviral therapy and showed nondetectable serum HIV RNA. Memory impairment was the most prominent cognitive feature. The diagnosis was obtained considering the exclusion of other potential causes, MRI and fluorodeoxyglucose-PET features, and, in (in 2/4), CSF AD biomarkers levels. In 1 patient, longitudinal CSF tau/p-tau increased, and beta-amyloid(1-42) decreased over time despite antiretroviral therapy containing nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Conclusions In older PLWH cognitive symptoms may represent the onset of AD: a multidisciplinary team may be needed for reaching a likely in vivo diagnosis.
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| 6. |
- Calcagno, Giulio, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Fast charging negative electrodes based on anatase titanium dioxide beads for highly stable Li-ion capacitors
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials Today Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-6069. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hybrid energy storage systems aim to achieve both high power and energy densities by combining supercapacitor-type and battery-type electrodes in tandem. The challenge is to find sustainable materials as fast charging negative electrodes, which are characterized by high capacity retention. In this study, mesoporous anatase beads are synthetized with tailored morphology to exploit fast surface redox reactions. The TiO2-based electrodes are properly paired with a commercial activated carbon cathode to form a Li-ion capacitor. The titania electrode exhibits high capacity and rate performance. The device shows extremely stable performance with an energy density of 27 mWh g-1 at a specific current of 2.5 A g−1 for 10,000 cycles. The remarkable stability is associated with a gradual shift of the potential during cycling as result of the formation of cubic LiTiO2 on the surface of the beads. This phenomenon renews the interest in using TiO2 as negative electrode for Li-ion capacitors.
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| 7. |
- Cisneros, David A., et al.
(författare)
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Inversion of the allosteric response of Escherichia coli glucosamine-6-P deaminase to N-acetylglucosamine 6-P, by single amino acid replacements
- 2004
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Ingår i: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-9861 .- 1096-0384. ; 421:1, s. 77-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amino acid replacements in the active site of glucosamine-6-P deaminase from Escherichia coli (GlcN6P deaminase, EC 3.5.99.6) involving the residues D141 and E148 produce atypical allosteric kinetics. These residues are located in the chain segment 139-156 which is part of the active site and which also forms several intersubunit contacts close to the allosteric site. In the D141N and E148Q mutant forms of this deaminase, there is an inversion of the effect of its physiological allosteric effector, N-acetylglucosamine 6-P, which becomes an inhibitor at substrate concentrations above a critical value. For both mutants, this particular point appears at low substrate concentration and the inhibition by the allosteric activator is the dominant effect in velocity versus substrate curves. These effects are analyzed as a particular case of the concerted allosteric model, assuming that the R state, the conformer displaying the higher affinity for the substrate, is the less catalytic state, thus producing an inverted allosteric response.
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| 8. |
- Huffman, Mark D, et al.
(författare)
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A cross-sectional study of the microeconomic impact of cardiovascular disease hospitalization in four low- and middle-income countries.
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To estimate individual and household economic impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in selected low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).BACKGROUND: Empirical evidence on the microeconomic consequences of CVD in LMIC is scarce.METHODS AND FINDINGS: We surveyed 1,657 recently hospitalized CVD patients (66% male; mean age 55.8 years) from Argentina, China, India, and Tanzania to evaluate the microeconomic and functional/productivity impact of CVD hospitalization. Respondents were stratified into three income groups. Median out-of-pocket expenditures for CVD treatment over 15 month follow-up ranged from 354 international dollars (2007 INT$, Tanzania, low-income) to INT$2,917 (India, high-income). Catastrophic health spending (CHS) was present in >50% of respondents in China, India, and Tanzania. Distress financing (DF) and lost income were more common in low-income respondents. After adjustment, lack of health insurance was associated with CHS in Argentina (OR 4.73 [2.56, 8.76], India (OR 3.93 [2.23, 6.90], and Tanzania (OR 3.68 [1.86, 7.26] with a marginal association in China (OR 2.05 [0.82, 5.11]). These economic effects were accompanied by substantial decreases in individual functional health and productivity.CONCLUSIONS: Individuals in selected LMIC bear significant financial burdens following CVD hospitalization, yet with substantial variation across and within countries. Lack of insurance may drive much of the financial stress of CVD in LMIC patients and their families.
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| 9. |
- Sanfilippo, C., et al.
(författare)
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The chitinases expression is related to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis (SIVE) and in HIV encephalitis (HIVE)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702. ; 227, s. 220-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can induce neurocognitive complications classified as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The chitinase family is associated with innate immunity cells and many infectious diseases. Methods We analyzed microarray datasets obtained from NCBI in order to verify the expression of chitinase family genes in hippocampus of uninfected rhesus macaques versus those with histopathologic evidence of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis (SIVE). Moreover, we have analysed two human microarray datasets to verify the results obtained in macaques hippocampus affected by SIVE. For these studies, we have also used the open source tools Genome-scale Integrated Analysis of gene Networks in Tissues (GIANT) to identify the chitinase genes network. Results CHIT1, CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 levels were significantly increased in SIVE hippocampus as compared to non-infected control specimens. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between CHIA vs. Brain Viral Load (BVL). These data was confirmed partially in human brain section of HAD/HIVE subjects. Also, we showed that HIV-1 was able to modulate the expression of CHIT1, CHI3L1, CHI3L2 and CHID1 in human macrophages. Conclusions These results suggest that chitinase gene expression is altered in SIVE and in HAD/HIVE brain sections and call for more studies examining whether this is a protective immunological reaction or a destructive tissue response to encephalitis. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
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