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| 2. |
- Chudnovskaya, Margarita, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Educational Institutions as Partner Markets
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, we analyze how school size and composition affect partnership formation in universities and in major programs within universities. Schools are commonly regarded important settings for partnership formation and matching in schools is an important explanation to educational homogamy. Yet we know little about which structural and compositional features of schools promote or dampen partnership formation. We analyze the probability of partnership formation in schools, namely the probability for a member of index cohort to have a partner with whom one overlapped in school with. Building on theories of marriage markets, we analyze the effects of school size, their sex ratios, and the age and ethnic compositions of universities on the likelihood of partnership formation. We use data from Swedish population registers for a cohort born in 1970. Our data includes the entire cohort and identifies the universities, and other students in them, which the cohort members attended.
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| 3. |
- Chudnovskaya, Margarita, 1990-
(författare)
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Higher education and family formation : A story of Swedish educational expansion
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The subject of this dissertation is trends in family formation among highly educated men and women in Sweden. The highly educated have typically differed from other educational groups in their patterns of childbearing. This has particularly beenthe case for highly educated women, who used to be in the minority among the highly educated and who were much more likely to be childless than other women. The goal of this dissertation is to understand how the expansion of higher education has transformed the formation of childbearing unions among the highly educated group. The context for the dissertation is the dramatic expansion of higher education which has occurred in Sweden over the last half century. As the share of cohorts graduating from post-secondary education has grown, diversity among the highly educated has also increased. This dissertation draws upon rich Swedish administrative register data to answer questions about changes in the behavior of the highly educated group, as well as emerging stratification within the group. This dissertation consists of five studies and an introductory chapter.In Study 1, we examine changes in geographical distances between young couples and their parents. We find that among younger cohorts, generations live further apart. The expansion of higher education contributes to these distances, though the introduction of regional colleges has mediated the impact of educational expansion to some extent. In Study 2, we consider how effective colleges are as partner markets. We follow one birth cohort (1970), and examine the likelihood that they form a childbearing union with someone who attended the same university at the same time. We find that colleges are an important potential meeting place for childbearing partners, and examine how the likelihood of partnering with a fellow student is related to the college composition.In Study 3, I assess changes in partner choice among the highly educated, by comparing the likelihood that highlyeducated men and women born in 1940-2, 1950-2, 1960-2, and 1970-2 form a childbearing union, and whether they doso with a highly or a lower educated partner. I find that female graduates are much more likely to enter unions, and to“partner down”. Men’s likelihood of forming a childbearing union hasn’t changed across cohorts, but men from later cohorts are much more likely to find a highly educated partner than men from earlier cohorts. I show that partnership outcomes for graduates are related to social class background, university experience (degree length and institution type), and post-graduation income. In Study 4, we study unions with at least one highly educated partner, including men and women born in 1950-2, 1960-2, 1970-2, and 1980-2. We examine the extent to which educational (in)equality is mirrored in other measures of status such as social class background, income, and occupational prestige. We conclude that although the number of women “partnering down” in terms of education has increased dramatically, these unions are not necessarily characterized by female status-dominance more generally. In Study 5, I focus on highly educated men who do not form any childbearing union, studying men born in the years 1945-1974. I find that the consistent levels of childlessness among highly educated men may best be explained by changes in the composition of graduates in terms of field of study and post-graduation income.
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| 4. |
- Chudnovskaya, Margarita, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Is the end of educational hypergamy the end of hypergamy? Evidence from Sweden
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the last decades, women have outperformed men in higher education. Following this trend, women have also increasingly “partnered down” in terms of education. In this paper, we ask whether this trend for women’s educational hypogamy (“partnering down”) corresponds to other forms of status hypogamy, and whether the increasing prevalence of educationally hypogamous unions has accounted for changes in the status of women relative to their male partners across cohorts. We use Swedish register data and analyze childbearing unions of post-secondary educated men and women born in 1950-2, 1960-2, 1970-2, and 1980-2. We measure relative status according to social class background, income, and occupational prestige. Female hypogamous unions are only somewhat more female status-dominant than other unions. We also find that the status of women relative to their male partners over time has been generally stable in terms of the different status indicators measured, despite increasing female hypogamy.
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| 5. |
- Chudnovskaya, Margarita, 1990-
(författare)
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Partner Choice among the Highly Educated in Sweden
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The goal of this study is to examine changes in the partnership formation of highly educated men and women over the period of higher educational expansion in Sweden. This study examines childbearing unions formed by highly educated men and women born in 1940-1942, 1950-1952, 1960-1962, and 1970-1972. Using binomial logistic regression, I analyze the likelihood for male and female graduates to form any childbearing union, and to form a union with a highly educated or a lower educated partner in relation to several educational variables. The educational variables considered are degree length (2-5 years), institution type (traditional and newer), income (predicted by program of study), and social class background. I find that in the birth cohorts studied, female graduates have become much less likely to remain unpartnered and much more likely to “partner down” in terms of education. Male graduates have been increasingly more likely to form childbearing unions with highly educated women. Higher status in terms of more prestigious education, higher class background, or higher income was generally associated with a higher likelihood of finding a highly educated partner—though some important gender differences exist. Additionally, the status indicators examined in this study do not appear to have become stronger predictors of partnership outcomes over time.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Chudnovskaya, Margarita, 1990-
(författare)
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Trends in childlessness among highly educated men in Sweden
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study contributes to recent literature on childlessness among men by examining trends in childlessness among highly educated men in Sweden over a period of higher educational expansion. Though women outnumber men among graduates, the favourable partner market has not been associated with decreased childlessness among highly educated men. In this study, I examine how the field of study, sex ratio in educational institution, and income are related to the likelihood of childlessness among highly educated men over thirty birth cohorts (1945-1974). I find that men with technical oriented education, and men with lower incomes, are more likely to remain childless and that this pattern is consistent across cohorts studied. A negative association between birth cohort and childlessness emerges in a multivariate logistic model when differences in study experiences, income, and background variables are taken into account. This study thus suggests that compositional changes within the highly educated group are an explanation for the persistently high levels of childlessness among highly educated men.
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| 8. |
- Chudnovskaya, Margarita, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the sex inequality in childlessness : an approach using Swedish register data
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Biosocial Science. - 0021-9320 .- 1469-7599. ; 55:1, s. 99-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In most countries, men are more likely to be childless than women. Understanding how this inequality arises is important given the significance of parenthood for individuals' lives. The objective of this study was to explore how three prominent explanations for sex inequalities in childlessness relate to the Sex Gap in Childlessness (SGC) in Sweden. The three explanations examined were sex ratio imbalance (more men than women), mismeasurement of fatherhood (inequalities in registration) and partnership differences (inequality in multi-partner fertility). Administrative register data for cohorts born in 1945-1974 were used. The population was restricted to men and women who were born in Sweden or arrived prior to the age of 15, and all registered childbearing partnerships were examined. To explore the possible significance of the three explanations, counter-factual standardization was used. Of the three explanations examined, the population sex ratio had the largest positive impact on the SGC, while multi-partner fertility had a negative impact. The results show that inequalities in the sex ratio can explain about 20-34% of the SGC depending on cohort. Inequalities in registration of fathers explain about 9-24% of the SGC depending on cohort. Finally, results show that women are slightly more likely to have multiple partners, and that this behaviour has a substantial minimizing effect on the SGC (minimizing it by 6-65%). To the authors' knowledge this was the first paper to estimate the scope of the impacts of these three mechanisms on the SGC. Differences in multi-partner fertility have in many instances been used as an explanation for men's higher childlessness. This study shows that women have slightly more childbearing partners than men, and that this actually leads to a smaller SGC in the studied population.
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| 9. |
- Ye, Rebecca, Dr, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Right Competence at the Right Time—but for Whom? Social Recruitment of Participants in an Expanding Higher Vocational Education Segment in Sweden (2005–2019)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Adult Education Quarterly. - : SAGE Publications. - 0741-7136 .- 1552-3047. ; 72:4, s. 380-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well established that participation in formal adult education varies by individual background characteristics. However, less attention has been paid to examining inequality inparticipation as a consequence of policy changes, such as educational expansion. Thispaper examines the process of tremendous expansion in Swedish Higher VocationalEducation (HVE), a vocationally oriented postsecondary educational segment driven bylabor market needs. Using a demographic approach with a sociological lens on educational participation, we analyze administrative data from registers, uncovering who hasbeen served by this expanding adult educational form. Our results indicate that expansionof HVE has led to growth in participation for policy-prioritized groups, although the rateof growth in enrollment between groups varies and corresponds to population changes.We also locate the extent of cumulative advantages in participation and discuss theseresults in relation to social (in)equality in formalized HVE.
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