| 1. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Observation of structure changes for Li/Cu(111) by photoemission from Li core and quantum-well states
- 1998
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Ingår i: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 57:20, s. 13192 - 13198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Via photoemission from discrete quantum-well valence states and the Li 1s core level, three different types of atom rearrangements are observed for Cu(111)/Li. In the monolayer coverage range gradual energy shifts for the core-level as well as a quantum-well state reflect a gradual lateral compression of the Li overlayer as more atoms are adsorbed. The onset of Li substitution and formation of a (2×2) structure when, at RT, monolayer Li coverage is exceeded, is monitored via the disappearance and appearance of quantum-well states characteristic of the adsorbed full monolayer of Li and the part substitutional (2×2) structure, respectively. A splitting of the Li 1s emission peak into a doublet reflects the two different Li sites characteristic of the (2×2) phase. A small energy shift of the quantum-well state (25 meV) indicates that, if it is cooled (170 K), the substitutional structure is unstable with respect to Li adsorption.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Oscillatory photoemission cross section for alkali monolayer quantum well states
- 1996
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028. ; 352-354, s. 656-659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strong oscillatory photon energy dependence, observed in the photon energy range between 5 and 26 eV, for the intensity of photoemission peaks due to quantum well states in Na and Cs monolayers on Cu(111) is ascribed to interference between the contributions to the outgoing photoelectron wave from the two tails of the quantum well state.
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Oscillatory photoemission cross section for simple-metal quantum wells
- 1995
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Ingår i: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 52:15, s. 11144 - 11146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strong, oscillatory photon energy dependence is observed for the intensity of photoemission peaks due to quantum-well states in Na overlayers on Cu(111). The measurements are made at low photon energies (hν
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Structure changes for Cu(111)/Li observed via discrete quantum well states
- 1997
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Ingår i: Surface Review and Letters. - 0218-625X. ; 4:6, s. 1233-1237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Via photoemission in the near UV from discrete quantum well states, four different types of atom rearrangements are observed for Cu(111)/Li. In the monolayer range a gradual energy shift reflects a gradual compression of the Li layer as more atoms are adsorbed. The onset of Li substitution and formation of a (2×2) structure when, at RT, monolayer Li coverage is exceeded is monitored via the appearance of a quantum well state characteristic of the new phase. A small energy shift indicates that, if it is cooled (170 K), the new structure is unstable with respect to Li adsorption. Finally, an energy downshift with increasing coverage observed for a state characteristic of 2 ML Li is ascribed to an increasing area for one-atomic-layer-high islands formed by Li atoms on top of the first full layer.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Valence-Electron Resonances in Alkali-Metal Overlayers Observed via Photoemission Line-Shape Changes
- 1996
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 77:2, s. 346 - 349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Valence-electron resonances for Na overlayers on Ag(111) and Cu(111) are observed by photoemission via line-shape changes for the substrate s,p-band emission in a narrow range of photon energies. The effect is ascribed to interfering contributions to the photoelectron wave from the substrate and the vacuum barrier.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Elgqvist, Jörgen, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Administered activity and metastatic cure probability during radioimmunotherapy of ovarian cancer in nude mice with 211At-MX35 F(ab')2.
- 2006
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Ingår i: International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-355X .- 0360-3016. ; 66:4, s. 1228-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To elucidate the therapeutic efficacy of alpha-radioimmunotherapy of ovarian cancer in mice. This study: (i) estimated the minimum required activity (MRA), giving a reasonable high therapeutic efficacy; and (ii) calculated the specific energy to tumor cell nuclei and the metastatic cure probability (MCP) using various assumptions regarding monoclonal-antibody (mAb) distribution in measured tumors. The study was performed using the alpha-particle emitter Astatine-211 (211At) labeled to the mAb MX35 F(ab')2. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Animals were inoculated intraperitoneally with approximately 1 x 10(7) cells of the cell line NIH:OVCAR-3. Four weeks later animals were treated with 25, 50, 100, or 200 kBq 211At-MX35 F(ab')2 (n = 74). Another group of animals was treated with a nonspecific mAb: 100 kBq 211At-Rituximab F(ab')2 (n = 18). Eight weeks after treatment the animals were sacrificed and presence of macro- and microscopic tumors and ascites was determined. An MCP model was developed and compared with the experimentally determined tumor-free fraction (TFF). RESULTS: When treatment was given 4 weeks after cell inoculation, the TFFs were 25%, 22%, 50%, and 61% after treatment with 25, 50, 100, or 200 kBq (211)At-MX35 F(ab')2, respectively, the specific energy to irradiated cell nuclei varying between approximately 2 and approximately 400 Gy. CONCLUSION: As a significant increase in the therapeutic efficacy was observed between the activity levels of 50 and 100 kBq (TFF increase from 22% to 50%), the conclusion was that the MRA is approximately 100 kBq (211)At-MX35 F(ab')2. MCP was most consistent with the TFF when assuming a diffusion depth of 30 mum of the mAbs in the tumors.
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| 8. |
- Elgqvist, Jörgen, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Alpha-radioimmunotherapy of intraperitoneally growing OVCAR-3 tumors of variable dimensions: Outcome related to measured tumor size and mean absorbed dose.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 2159-662X. ; 47:8, s. 1342-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this work was to (a) investigate the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy using 211At-MX35 F(ab')2 or 211At-Rituximab F(ab')2 (nonspecific antibody) against differently advanced ovarian cancer in mice; (b) image the tumor growth on the peritoneum; and (c) calculate the specific energy and mean absorbed dose to tumors and critical organs. METHODS: Two experiments with 5-wk-old nude mice (n = 100 + 93), intraperitoneally inoculated with approximately 1 x 10(7) NIH:OVCAR-3 cells, were done. At either 1, 3, 4, 5, or 7 wk after inoculation animals were intraperitoneally treated with approximately 400 kBq 211At-MX35 F(ab')2 (n = 50 + 45), approximately 400 kBq 211At-Rituximab F(ab')2 (n = 25 + 24), or unlabeled Rituximab F(ab')2 (n = 25 + 24). At the time of treatment 29 animals were sacrificed and biopsies were taken for determination of tumor sizes using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Eight weeks after each treatment the animals were sacrificed and the presence of macro- and microscopic tumors and ascites was determined. The specific energy and mean absorbed dose to tumors were calculated. The activity concentration was measured in critical organs and abdominal fluid. RESULTS: When given treatment 1, 3, 4, 5, or 7 wk after cell inoculation the tumor-free fraction (TFF) was 95%, 68%, 58%, 47%, 26%, and 100%, 80%, 20%, 20%, and 0% when treated with 211At-MX35 F(ab')2 or 211At-Rituximab F(ab')2, respectively. The SEM images revealed maximum tumor radius of approximately 30 mum 1 wk after cell inoculation, increasing to approximately 340 mum at 7 wk. Specific energy to cell nuclei varied between 0 and approximately 540 Gy, depending on assumptions regarding activity distribution and tumor size. The mean absorbed dose to thyroid, kidneys, and bone marrow was approximately 35, approximately 4, and approximately 0.3 Gy, respectively. CONCLUSION: Treatment with 211At-MX35 F(ab')2 or 211At-Rituximab F(ab')2 resulted in a TFF of 95%-100% when the tumor radius was < or =30 microm. The TFF was decreased (TFF < or = 20%) for 211At-Rituximab F(ab')2 when the tumor radius exceeded the range of the alpha-particles. The specific antibody gave for these tumor sizes a significantly better TFF, explained by a high mean absorbed dose (>22 Gy) from the activity bound to the tumor surface and probably some contribution from penetrating activity.
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| 9. |
- Elgqvist, Jörgen, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Fractionated radioimmunotherapy of intraperitoneally growing ovarian cancer in nude mice with 211At-MX35 F(ab')2: therapeutic efficacy and myelotoxicity
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nucl Med Biol. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8051. ; 33:8, s. 1065-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and myelotoxicity during fractionated radioimmunotherapy of ovarian cancer in mice. The study was performed using the monoclonal antibody MX35 F(ab')(2) labeled with the alpha-particle emitter (211)At. METHODS: Animals were intraperitoneally inoculated with approximately 1x10(7) cells of the cell line NIH:OVCAR-3. Four weeks later, the mice were given the first treatment. Six groups of animals were intraperitoneally injected with approximately 800, 3x approximately 267, approximately 400, 3x approximately 133, approximately 50 or 3x approximately 17 kBq (211)At-MX35 F(ab')(2) (n=18 in each group). The second and third injections for Groups 2, 4 and 6 were given 4 and 8 days after the first injection, respectively. As controls, animals were treated with unlabeled MX35 F(ab')(2) (n=12). Eight weeks after the last injection, the animals were sacrificed and the presence of macro- and microscopic tumors and ascites was determined. Blood counts were determined for each mouse in Groups 1 and 2 before the first injection and 3, 7, 11, 15 and 23 days after the first injection. The calculation of the mean absorbed dose to the bone marrow was based on the ratio between the (211)At-activity concentration in bone and blood [i.e., the bone-to-blood ratio (BBLR)] as well as that between the (211)At-activity concentration in bone marrow and blood [i.e., the bone-marrow-to-blood ratio (BMBLR)] and the cumulated activity and absorbed fraction of the alpha-particles emitted by (211)At in the bone marrow. RESULTS: The tumor-free fractions of animals were 56% and 41% when treated with approximately 800 kBq and 3x approximately 267 kBq (211)At-MX35 F(ab')(2), respectively; 39% and 28% when treated with approximately 400 kBq and 3x approximately 133 kBq (211)At-MX35 F(ab')(2), respectively; and 17% and 22% when treated with approximately 50 kBq or 3x approximately 17 kBq (211)At-MX35 F(ab')(2), respectively. The nadir of the white blood cell (WBC) counts was decreased (from 46% to 19%, compared with the baseline WBC counts) and delayed (from Day 4 to Day 11 after the first injection) during the fractionated treatment compared with the single-dose treatment. The percentage of injected activity per gram (%IA/g) for blood, bone and bone marrow all peaked 6 h after injection at 13.80+/-1.34%IA/g, 4.00+/-0.69%IA/g and 8.28+/-1.38%IA/g, respectively. The BBLR and BMBLR were 0.20+/-0.04 and 0.58+/-0.01, respectively. The mean absorbed dose to bone marrow was approximately 0.4 Gy after intraperitoneally injecting approximately 800 kBq (211)At-MX35 F(ab')(2). CONCLUSION: No advantage was observed in the therapeutic efficacy of using a fractionated regimen compared with a single administration, with the same total amount of administered activity. Alleviation of the myelotoxicity was observed during the fractionated regimen in terms of decreased suppression and delayed nadir of the WBC counts. No thrombocytopenia was observed during either regimen.
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