| 1. |
- Jones, Gregory T., et al.
(författare)
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Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Identifies Four New Disease-Specific Risk Loci
- 2017
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Ingår i: Circulation Research. - 0009-7330 .- 1524-4571. ; 120:2, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Together, 6 previously identified risk loci only explain a small proportion of the heritability of AAA. Objective: To identify additional AAA risk loci using data from all available genome-wide association studies. Methods and Results: Through a meta-analysis of 6 genome-wide association study data sets and a validation study totaling 10 204 cases and 107 766 controls, we identified 4 new AAA risk loci: 1q32.3 (SMYD2), 13q12.11 (LINC00540), 20q13.12 (near PCIF1/MMP9/ZNF335), and 21q22.2 (ERG). In various database searches, we observed no new associations between the lead AAA single nucleotide polymorphisms and coronary artery disease, blood pressure, lipids, or diabetes mellitus. Network analyses identified ERG, IL6R, and LDLR as modifiers of MMP9, with a direct interaction between ERG and MMP9. Conclusions: The 4 new risk loci for AAA seem to be specific for AAA compared with other cardiovascular diseases and related traits suggesting that traditional cardiovascular risk factor management may only have limited value in preventing the progression of aneurysmal disease.
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| 2. |
- Alignier, Audrey, et al.
(författare)
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Configurational crop heterogeneity increases within-field plant diversity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 57:4, s. 654-663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing landscape heterogeneity by restoring semi-natural elements to reverse farmland biodiversity declines is not always economically feasible or acceptable to farmers due to competition for land. We hypothesized that increasing the heterogeneity of the crop mosaic itself, hereafter referred to as crop heterogeneity, can have beneficial effects on within-field plant diversity. Using a unique multi-country dataset from a cross-continent collaborative project covering 1,451 agricultural fields within 432 landscapes in Europe and Canada, we assessed the relative effects of compositional and configurational crop heterogeneity on within-field plant diversity components. We also examined how these relationships were modulated by the position within the field. We found strong positive effects of configurational crop heterogeneity on within-field plant alpha and gamma diversity in field interiors. These effects were as high as the effect of semi-natural cover. In field borders, effects of crop heterogeneity were limited to alpha diversity. We suggest that a heterogeneous crop mosaic may overcome the high negative impact of management practices on plant diversity in field interiors, whereas in field borders, where plant diversity is already high, landscape effects are more limited. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that increasing configurational crop heterogeneity is beneficial to within-field plant diversity. It opens up a new effective and complementary way to promote farmland biodiversity without taking land out of agricultural production. We therefore recommend adopting manipulation of crop heterogeneity as a specific, effective management option in future policy measures, perhaps adding to agri-environment schemes, to contribute to the conservation of farmland plant diversity.
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| 3. |
- Boke Olén, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of farm type on food production, landscape openness, grassland biodiversity, and greenhouse gas emissions in mixed agricultural-forestry regions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Agricultural Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-521X .- 1873-2267. ; 189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: The global demand for food is expected to continue increasing for decades, which may drive both agricultural expansion and intensification. The associated environmental impacts are potentially considerable but will depend on how the agricultural sector develops. Currently, there are contrasting regional developments in agriculture; expansion and/or intensification in some regions and abandonment in others, as well as changes in the type of farming. However, the environmental consequences of changes in farm type are not well understood. Objective: We have evaluated the impacts of farm type on food production and three key environmental variables—landscape openness, grassland biodiversity and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions—in three marginal agricultural regions in Sweden. Methods: We do this by first dividing the population of farms in each region into types, based on their land-use and livestock holdings using an innovative clustering method. Thereafter we analysed changes in production activities for farm types over time and evaluated the environmental and food-production impacts, where landscape openness is quantified using a novel indicator. Results and conclusion: Our results show that there is not one single farm type that would simultaneously maximize food production, grassland biodiversity, and landscape openness, whilst minimizing GHG emissions. However, there exists considerable potential to manage the trade-offs between food production and these environmental variables. For example, by reducing land use for dairying and instead increasing both cropping for food production and extensive livestock grazing to maintain landscape openness and biodiversity-rich semi-natural pastures, it would keep food production at similar levels. Significance: Our farm typology allows us to assess the multifunctionality of farming, by relating contrasting production activities to multiple ecosystem services, grassland biodiversity and GHG emissions for informing policy towards more sustainable agriculture. We have demonstrated this with examples under Swedish conditions, but it should to a large extent also be applicable for other countries.
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| 4. |
- Clough, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Creating Re-Useable Log Files for Interactive CLIR
- 2010. - 7
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the creation of re-useable log files for investigating interactive cross-language search behaviour. This was run as part of iCLEF 2008-09 where the goal was generating a record of user-system interactions based on interactive cross-language image searches. The level of entry to iCLEF was made purposely low with a default search interface and online game environment provided by the organisers. User-system interaction and input from users was recorded in log files for future investigation. This novel approach to running iCLEF resulted in logs containing more than 2 million lines of data.
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| 5. |
- Clough, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale interactive evaluation of multilingual information access systems: the iCLEF Flickr challenge
- 2008. - 1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Participation in evaluation campaigns for interactive information retrieval systems has received variable success over the years. In this paper we discuss the large-scale interactive evaluation of multilingual information access systems, as part of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum evaluation campaign. In particular, we describe the evaluation planned for 2008 which is based on interaction with content from Flickr, the popular online photo-sharing service. The proposed evaluation seeks to reduce entry costs, stimulate user evaluation and encourage greater participation in the interactive track of CLEF.
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| 6. |
- Clough, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Multilingual interactive experiments with Flickr
- 2006. - 1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a proposal for iCLEF 2006, the interactive track of the CLEF cross-language evaluation campaign. In the past, iCLEF has addressed applications such as information retrieval and question answering. However, for 2006 the focus has turned to text-based image retrieval from Flickr. We describe Flickr, the challenges this kind of collection presents to cross-language researchers, and suggest initial iCLEF tasks.
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| 7. |
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Evaluation of Multilingual and Multi-modal Information Retrieval: 7th Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2006, Alicante, Spain, September 20-22, 2006, Revised Selected Papers
- 2007. - 3
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed postproceedings of the 7th Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2006, held in Alicante, Spain, September 2006. The revised papers presented together with an introduction were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on Multilingual Textual Document Retrieval, Domain-Specifig Information Retrieval, i-CLEF, QA@CLEF, ImageCLEF, CLSR, WebCLEF and GeoCLEF.
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| 8. |
- Gonzalo, Julio, et al.
(författare)
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iCLEF 2006 Overview: Searching the Flickr WWW photo-sharing repository
- 2007. - 1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarizes the task design for iCLEF 2006 (the CLEF interactive track). Compared to previous years, we have proposed a radically new task: searching images in a naturally multilingual database, Flickr, which has millions of photographs shared by people all over the planet, tagged and described in a wide variety of languages. Participants are expected to build a multilingual search front-end to Flickr (using Flickr’s search API) and study the behaviour of the users for a given set of searching tasks. The emphasis is put on studying the process, rather than evaluating its outcome.
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| 9. |
- Haslund, Knut Per, et al.
(författare)
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Bra vallersättning och kompensationsstöd? : Hur kan olika utformningar påverka jordbruket, miljön, och samhällsekonomin?
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Positiva och negativa miljöeffekterVallersättningen och kompensationsstödet leder båda till att arealen vall och antalet nötkreatur ökar kraftigt. Utredningen konstaterar att effekten av vallodling på biologisk mångfald, både när det gäller sällsynta arter och ekosystemtjänster, är otillräckligt känd. Kompensationsstödet gör det företagsekonomiskt lönsamt att hävda betydligt större areal permanent betesmark, men vallersättningen leder däremot till något lägre betesareal.Det svenska jordbrukets kväve- och fosforläckage har varit lägre under de bådaanalyserade programperioderna tack vare vallersättningen. Under perioden 2015–20 är kväveläckaget är lägre än vad det skulle ha varit utan stödet också i slättbygderna, till skillnad från i landsbygdsprogrammets föregåendeperiod 2007–14. Kompensationsstödet medför tvärtom att växtnäringsläckagetär högre än vad det skulle vara om stödet inte fanns. Användningen av växtskyddsmedel i jordbruket påverkas inte mycket av dessa stöd under perioden 2015–20. Kompensationsstödet har under båda perioderna medfört stora utsläpp av växthusgaser. Vallersättningen är däremot bra ur klimatsynpunkt, om än inte lika starkt under perioden 2015–20 som under den föregående perioden. Stödens klimatpåverkan sker huvudsakligen genom att påverka mängden kol bundet i marken och antalet nötkreatur som avger växthusgasen metan, medan deras inverkan på jordbrukets användning av fossilbränsle till traktorer och annat är liten i sammanhanget. Kompensationsstödet är samhällsekonomiskt olönsamtVallersättningen medförde stora samhällsekonomiska förluster i början av perioden 2007–10, men efter ändrade stödregler och med högre världsmarknadspriser blev den i stället mycket lönsam. Även under innevarande programperiod 2015–20 har den en viss samhällsekonomisk lönsamhet. Kompensationsstödet ger dock stora samhällsekonomiska förluster, både under perioden 2007–14 och 2015–20. Samhällsekonomiskt sett vore det bra att halvera båda stöden. Kompensationsstödet ger många extra arbetstillfällen i områden med sämre förutsättningar för odling men till hög samhällsekonomisk kostnad. En del av kostnaden är att kompensationsstödet sammanvägt medför ökad miljöbelastning. Per budgetkrona var dock kostnaden relativt låg jämfört med andra arbetsmarknadspolitiska åtgärder. Störst betydelse för stödens samhällsekonomiska lönsamhet är deras klimateffekter, att deras skattefinansiering ger förluster i annan verksamhet, och att de leder till mindre effektiv jordbruksproduktion av marknadsvaror. Effekterna av stöden beror mycket på de ekonomiska förutsättningarna i övrigt, till exempel prisnivån för jordbruksprodukter på världsmarknaden. Utfallet kan bli ett annat än väntat om förutsättningarna ändras under perioden. Detta hände under perioden 2007–2014.
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| 10. |
- Karlgren, Jussi, et al.
(författare)
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Multilingual Interactive Experiments with Flickr
- 2006. - 3
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Ingår i: ERCIM News. ; :66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cross-Lingual Evaluation Forum (CLEF) in 2006 will feature a track on interactive image retrieval from dynamic target data taken from the popular Flickr photo-sharing service. In the past, interactive tracks at CLEF have addressed applications such as information retrieval and question answering. This year however, the focus has turned to text-based image retrieval from Flickr.
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