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- Dahlstrom, Nicklas
(författare)
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Human factors and factor of the human : Pilot performance and pilot mental health
- 2016
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Ingår i: Pilot Mental Health Assessment and Support : A Practitioner's Guide - A Practitioner's Guide. - 9781315401935 - 9781138222038 ; , s. 245-258
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human factors (HF) is a cross-disciplinary field of science that is strongly associated with safety, especially in regards to the role of human performance in ensuring safe actions and outcomes. Although ‘cross-disciplinary' in this context represents the admirable aim to use all available knowledge to enhance safety, even the field of human factors has to outline the limitations of itself as a field of science. Such limitations may be constructive in defining human factors as an academic field, but may in practice also have the effect of excluding important influences on human performance which fall outside of these limitations. Recent aviation accidents and incidents related to mental health issues have revealed what seems to be an exclusion of the field of mental health in human factors and thus in the understanding of pilot performance. The resulting rift has roots that need to be understood and bridged to ensure and enhance the current level of safety in the aviation industry.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Rosa, Eduardo, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic decision-making of airline pilots in low-fidelity simulation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1463-922X .- 1464-536X. ; 22:1, s. 83-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamic decision-making in aviation involves complex problem solving in a dynamic environment characterized by goal conflicts and time constrains. Training mostly focuses on testing domain-specific knowledge and skills that may result in context-specific rather than general problem-solving skills. A low-fidelity decision-making simulation may favour the understanding of the decision process rather than the decision outcome alone. We investigated airline pilots’ decision-making strategies and task performance through the use of the low-fidelity computer simulation (microworld) COLDSTORE, a non-linear, opaque, time-delayed task. Almost thirty percent of pilots adapted (Adaptors) to the task’s demands, reaching the desired objective. About thirty five percent of pilots approached the task using a cautious strategy (Cautious). However, the success rates in reaching the task’s objective revealed that performance was compromised for the cautious group. A changing (Changers) and oscillating (Oscillators) approach was also observed. More experienced pilots differed from least experienced pilots in strategy and performance adopted. We suggest that low-fidelity dynamic decision-making simulations offer an environment for practicing and understanding the decision-making process. That may contribute to pilots’ ability to coordinate monitoring, recognition, planning, judgement and choice when acting under flight environment time constraints.
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| 4. |
- Rosa, Eduardo, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue, Emotion, and Cognitive Performance in Simulated Long-Duration, Single-Piloted Flight Missions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance. - : Aerospace Medical Association. - 2375-6314 .- 2375-6322. ; 92:9, s. 710-719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Fatigue of air force pilots has become an increasing concern due to changes in mission characteristics. In the current study we investigated fatigue, emotions, and cognitive performance in a simulated 11-h mission in the 39 Gripen fighter aircraft. METHODS: A total of 12 subjects were evaluated in a high-fidelity dynamic flight simulator for 12 consecutive hours. Perceived fatigue was measured by the Samn-Perelli Fatigue Index (SPFI). Emotions were assessed with the Circumplex Affect Space. Cognitive performance was assessed by five cognitive tasks. RESULTS: Significant increase in self-reported fatigue, general decrease in two positive emotional states, as well increase of one negative emotional state occurred after approximately 7 h into the mission. Self-reported fatigue negatively correlated with enthusiasm and cheerfulness (r' = -0.75; -0.49, respectively) and positively correlated with boredom and gloominess (r' = -0.61; r' = -0.30, respectively). Response time in the low-order task negatively correlated with enthusiasm, cheerfulness and calmness (r' = -0.44; r' = -0.41; r' = -0.37, respectively) and positively correlated with boredom and anxiousness (r' = 0.37; r' = 0.28, respectively). Mission duration had an adverse impact on emotions in these environmental conditions, particularly after 7 h. DISCUSSION: These results contribute to the understanding of fatigue development in general and of emotion-cognition relationships. These findings emphasize that both emotional states and the type of cognitive tasks to be performed should be considered for planning long-duration missions in single-piloted fighter aircrafts as to increase the probability of missions' success.
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| 5. |
- Stosic, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Applying lessons from aviation safety culture in the hospitality industry : a review and road map
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 29:3, s. 1025-1036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is widely accepted that positive safety culture improves organizations’ safety performance and reduces the number of injuries and deaths. Safety culture has been well researched in high-risk industries; however, the hospitality industry until recently had no research of the concept unless related to food safety. This article explores theoretical grounds for research of safety culture in hospitality, based on the aviation safety culture body of knowledge. Using aviation as a foundation is motivated by the similarities in operations between aviation and hospitality, especially when hospitality is compared to other high-risk industries. The article proposes that aviation safety culture models and their dimensions could be valuable for hospitality industry’s safety culture improvements. It’s goal and aspiring contribution is to begin a discussion and build a theoretical base for future research about advancement of safety in hospitality operations and reduction of the industry’s relatively high numbers of employee injuries.
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