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- Louwies, T., et al.
(author)
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Separate and combined effects of hypoxia and horizontal bed rest on retinal blood vessel diameters
- 2016
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In: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Inc.. - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 57:11, s. 4927-4932
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE. To assess the separate and combined effects of exposure to prolonged and sustained recumbency (bed rest) and hypoxia on retinal microcirculation. METHODS. Eleven healthy male subjects (mean 6 SD age = 27 ± 6 years; body mass index [BMI] = 23.7 ± 3.0 kg m-2) participated in a repeated-measures crossover design study comprising three 21-day interventions: normoxic bed rest (NBR; partial pressure of inspired O2, PiO2 = 133.1 ± 0.3 mm Hg); hypoxic ambulation (HAMB; PiO2 = 90.0 6 0.4 mm Hg), and hypoxic bed rest (HBR; PiO2 = 90.0 ± 0.4 mm Hg). Central retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and venular (CRVE) equivalents were measured at baseline and at regular intervals during each 21- day intervention. RESULTS. Normoxic bed rest caused a progressive reduction in CRAE, with the change in CRAE relative to baseline being highest on day 15 (ΔDCRAE = -7.5 µm; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -10.8 to -4.2; P < 0.0001). Hypoxic ambulation resulted in a persistent 21-day increase in CRAE, reaching a maximum on day 4 (DCRAE = 9.4 µm; 95% CI: 6.0-12.7; P < 0.0001). During HBR, the increase in CRAE was highest on day 3 (ΔDCRAE = 4.5 µm; 95% CI: 1.2-7.8; P = 0.007), but CRAE returned to baseline levels thereafter. Central retinal venular equivalent decreased during NBR and increased during HAMB and HBR. The reduction in CRVE during NBR was highest on day 1 (ΔDCRVE = -7.9 µm; 95 CI: -13.3 to -2.5), and the maximum ΔDCRVE during HAMB (24.6 µm; 95% CI: 18.9-30.3) and HBR (15.2 µm; 95% CI: 9.8-20.5) was observed on days 10 and 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. The diameters of retinal blood vessels exhibited a dynamic response to hypoxia and bed rest, such that retinal vasodilation was smaller during combined bed rest and hypoxia than during hypoxic exposure.
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- Vaes, A. W., et al.
(author)
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Endothelial function in patients with COPD: an updated systematic review of studies using flow-mediated dilatation
- 2023
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In: Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-6348 .- 1747-6356. ; 17:1, s. 53-69
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IntroductionCardiovascular disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in COPD. Endothelial dysfunction is suggested to be involved in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis, and multiple studies report endothelial dysfunction in COPD. This article summarized the current knowledge on endothelial function in COPD patients.Areas coveredDatabases were screened until November 2022 for studies using ultrasound-based flow-mediated dilation in patients with stable COPD. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random effects model. Meta-regression analyses assessed the effects of demographic and clinical variables.Expert opinion34 studies were identified (1365 COPD patients; 617 controls). Pooled analysis demonstrated an impaired endothelial-dependent (-2.33%; 95%CI -3.30/-1.35; p < 0.001) and endothelial-independent dilation (-3.11%; 95%CI -5.14/-1.08; p = 0.003) in COPD patients when compared to non-COPD controls. Meta-regression identified that higher age, worse severity of airflow obstruction, and current smoking were significantly associated with impaired endothelial function. Studies evaluating the effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions on endothelial function in COPD patients demonstrated conflicting results.
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