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| 2. |
- Büki, Andras, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Preinjury administration of the calpain inhibitor MDL-28170 attenuates traumatically induced axonal injury
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurotrauma. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 0897-7151 .- 1557-9042. ; 20:3, s. 261-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI) evokes diffuse (traumatic) axonal injury (TAI), which contributes to morbidity and mortality. Damaged axons display progressive alterations gradually evolving to axonal disconnection. In severe TAI, the tensile forces of injury lead to a focal influx of Ca2+, initiating a series of proteolytic processes wherein the cysteine proteases, calpain and caspase modify the axonal cytoskeleton, causing irreversible damage over time postinjury. Although several studies have demonstrated that the systemic administration of calpain inhibitors reduces the extent of ischemic and traumatic contusional injury a direct beneficial effect on TAI has not been established to date. The current study was initiated to address this issue in an impact acceleration rat-TBI model in order to provide further evidence on the contribution of calpain-mediated proteolytic processes in the pathogenesis of TAI, while further supporting the utility of calpain-inhibitors. A single tail vein bolus injection of 30 mg/kg MDL-28170 was administered to Wistar rats 30 min preinjury. After injury the rats were allowed to survive 120 min when they were perfused with aldehydes. Brains were processed for immunohistochemical localization of damaged axonal profiles displaying either amyloid precursor protein (APP)- or RMO-14-immunoreactivity (IR), both considered markers of specific features of TAI. Digital data acquisition and statistical analysis demonstrated that preinjury administration of MDL-28170 significantly reduced the mean number of damaged RMO-14- as well as APP-IR axonal profiles in the brainstem fiber tracts analyzed. These results further underscore the role of calpain-mediated proteolytic processes in the pathogenesis of DAI and support the potential use of cell permeable calpain-inhibitors as a rational therapeutic approach in TBI.
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| 3. |
- Büki, Andras, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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A koponyasérülés által kiváltott axonkárosodás és kezelésének lehetóségei : [Therapeutic possibilities in axonal injury caused by head trauma]
- 2002
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Ingår i: Orvosi Hetilap. - : Akademiai Kiado Rt.. - 0030-6002 .- 1788-6120. ; 143:10, s. 499-503
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traumatic brain injury is putting an extreme burden on societies all over the world. While surgical and neuro-intensive treatment is traditionally aimed at space occupying or focal lesions, traumatic brain injury is frequently associated with diffuse axonal injury, which significantly contributes to its morbidity and mortality. Current taught appreciates that diffuse axonal injury is a progressive event gradually evolving from focal alterations in axolemmal permeability and the underlying axonal ultrastructure to axonal disconnection, a process amenable of therapeutic interventions. This review is primarily focusing on the clinical/neuroradiological manifestation and our contemporary knowledge of the pathobiology of traumatically evoked (diffuse-) axonal injury with particular emphasize on recent- to date, primarily experimental-therapeutic approaches that in the future might offer potential aid to the head injured.
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| 6. |
- Büki, Andras, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Initial Clinical Experience with a Combined Pulsed Holmium-Neodymium-YAG Laser in Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery*
- 1999
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Ingår i: Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery. - : Thieme Medical Publishers. - 0946-7211 .- 1439-2291. ; 42:1, s. 35-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various biophysical features of the laser beam have already been utilized in clinical neurosurgery. However, the application of this therapeutic modality has by no means been overexploited. The history of laser application in neurosurgery has shown that there is no universal laser system capable of performing all surgical tasks in a suitable manner. The best results in traditional neurosurgery were achieved with instruments combining various wavelengths, such as the CO2 and neodymium-YAG lasers. A pulsed holmium-YAG and neodymium-YAG (Ho:YAG and Nd:YAG) combined laser have been recently developed to meet the special requirements of minimally invasive neurosurgery. The system consists of a compact double-crystal single-head solid-state laser system generating 2 different wavelengths (Ho:YAG 2.08 microns and Nd:YAG 1.05 microns), selected for their capabilities of efficient coagulation and ablation. The two wavelengths are coupled into a common flexible optical fiber, which allows endoscopic application. The wavelengths can act simultaneously or separately without any interchange of the instruments. The system was employed first for experimental and subsequently for clinical purposes, primarily for endoscopic operations. In this work the initial clinical experience is reported. The excellent haemostatic properties of the Nd:YAG laser and the ablative properties of the Ho:YAG laser were confirmed. It was concluded that simultaneous application of the two laser modalities within one flexible fiber offers new perspectives in tissue handling in endoscopic neurosurgery and as in open microsurgery.
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| 7. |
- Büki, Andras, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Occlusive hydrocephalus complicating tuberous sclerosis : report of two cases
- 1996
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 3:3, s. 255-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two patients-6 and 14 years old-with tuberous sclerosis are presented. Both developed a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma from nodules located near to the foramen of Monro. They caused obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid pathways. Signs of raised intracranial pressure were detected in both patients, and one of them had also developed infantile spasm-Blitz-Nick-Salaam seizures. Cutaneous stigmata being characteristic for this entity were observed in both cases, but their mental development was unaffected. Diagnosis was based on computed tomography. Angiography did not reveal pathological vessels. The tumours were completely excised through transcallosal exposure in both cases. The patients have been symptom-free during the follow-up time of 1 and 2 years. Although the incidence of malignant transformation of tuberous sclerosis is less than 15% the disease generally has a poor prognosis which can be ascribed to sudden increase of intracranial pressure caused by obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid pathways by paraventricular tumours. However, regular follow-up of paraventricular nodules and maintenance of patency of cerebrospinal fluid pathways by microsurgical methods in patients suffering from mild cerebral disorders offers a better chance of survival.
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- Dóczi, Zoltán, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Europe Divided : Then and Now
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia acceded to the Schengen Agreement in December 2007. The closing of the border-crossing points involved provoked many to point out the exceptional significance of this event. Some saw in this one of the last stages in the healing of divisions in Europe. In practice, inhabitants of the CEE countries can now travel with ease the likes of which they had never known before; they are enjoying opportunities that many of them could not even have dreamed of. One can assume that inhabitants of the Visegrad countries will soon take the lack of checks and clearances at the EU internal borders for granted. Similarly, the majority of them got used to the facilities introduced earlier very quickly. First, they did not need visas for West European countries. Next, they could go there without a passport – with just an ID. And now, there are no borders to speak of. The opposite is true of those living in Eastern Europe though. Citizens of countries such as Belarus, Moldova, Russia, or Ukraine find visiting the EU, and especially Visegrad countries, increasingly more difficult. The enlargement of, first, the EU, and then, the Schengen Zone, involved the tightening of controls at the new EU external borders, and at the same time of the visa regime followed by the new EU Member States vis-à-vis their Eastern neighbours. The inhabitants of East European countries encounter more and more difficulties in this respect: higher costs of obtaining a visa, stricter requirements to be met, etc. For many of them, travel to the EU is beyond reach now. Thus, this healing of divisions is not tantamount to the end of the division of Europe as such. Our publication shows that this division is both the problem of the past, and of the present. Therefore, the book is divided into two parts: “THEN” and “NOW”. Both of these parts deal with the problems encountered by Europeans in connection with travelling. The problem is discussed though Introduction within the context of two different periods and two separate geographical areas.
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| 10. |
- Farkas, Orsolya, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in a rat model of traumatic brain injury
- 2004
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Ingår i: Regulatory Peptides. - : Elsevier. - 0167-0115 .- 1873-1686. ; 123:1-3, s. 69-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a widely distributed neuropeptide that has numerous different actions. Recent studies have shown that PACAP exerts neuroprotective effects not only in vitro but also in vivo, in animal models of global and focal cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease and axonal injuries. Traumatic brain injury has an increasing mortality and morbidity and it evokes diffuse axonal injury which further contributes to its damaging effects. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible neuroprotective effect of PACAP in a rat model of diffuse axonal injury induced by impact acceleration. Axonal damage was assessed by immunohistochemistry using an antiserum against beta-amyloid precursor protein, a marker of altered axoplasmic transport considered as key feature in axonal injury. In these experiments, we have established the dose response curves for PACAP administration in traumatic axonal injury, demonstrating that a single post-injury intracerebroventricular injection of 100 microg PACAP significantly reduced the density of damaged, beta-amyloid precursor protein-immunoreactive axons in the corticospinal tract.
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