| 1. |
- Edwards, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Patellar fractures. A 30-year follow-up
- 1989
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-6470. ; 60:6, s. 712-714
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forty patients who had had a patellar fracture during the years 1950-58 were reevaluated 30 years later. A clinical and radiographic examination was performed. Fourteen patients had subjective complaints. Two thirds of the patients who had more than 2-mm diastasis or 1-mm incongruity had complaints and reduced quadriceps strength. Radiographically, all the patients had a reduction in the lateral patellofemoral distance in the axial view with the greatest reduction in the knees with diastasis or incongruity of the fracture.
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| 2. |
- Engvall, Caroline, 1976-
(författare)
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Drug Partitioning into Natural and Artificial Membranes : Data Applicable in Predictions of Drug Absorption
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When drug molecules are passively absorbed through the cell membrane in the small intestine, the first key step is partitioning of the drug into the membrane. Partition data can therefore be used to predict drug absorption. The partitioning of a solute can be analyzed by drug partition chromatography on immobilized model membranes, where the chromatographic retention of the solute reflects the partitioning. The aims of this thesis were to develop the model membranes used in drug partition chromatography and to study the effects of different membrane components and membrane structures on drug partitioning, in order to characterize drug–membrane interactions. Electrostatic effects were observed on the partitioning of charged drugs into liposomes containing charged detergent, lipid or phospholipid; bilayer disks; proteoliposomes and porcine intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs), and on the retention of an oligonucleotide on positive liposomes. Biological membranes are naturally charged, which will affect drug partitioning in the human body. Proteoliposomes containing transmembrane proteins and cholesterol, BBMVs and bilayer disks were used as novel model membranes in drug partition chromatography. Partition data obtained on proteoliposomes and BBMVs demonstrated how cholesterol and transmembrane proteins interact with drug molecules. Such interactions will occur between drugs and natural cell membranes. In the use of immobilized BBMVs for drug partition chromatography, yet unsolved problems with the stability of the membrane were encountered. A comparison of partition data obtained on bilayer disks with data on multi- and unilamellar liposomes indicated that the structure of the membrane affect the partitioning. The most accurate partition values might be obtained on bilayer disks. Drug partition data obtained on immobilized model membranes include both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Such partition data should preferably be used when deriving algorithms or computer programs for prediction of drug absorption.
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| 3. |
- Foldager, C. B., et al.
(författare)
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Aarhus Regenerative Orthopaedics Symposium (AROS): Regeneration in the ageing population
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 87, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The combination of modern interventional and preventive medicine has led to an epidemic of ageing. While this phenomenon is a positive consequence of an improved lifestyle and achievements in a society, the longer life expectancy is often accompanied by decline in quality of life due to musculoskeletal pain and disability. The Aarhus Regenerative Orthopaedics Symposium (AROS) 2015 was motivated by the need to address regenerative challenges in an ageing population by engaging clinicians, basic scientists, and engineers. In this position paper, we review our contemporary understanding of societal, patient-related, and basic science-related challenges in order to provide a reasoned roadmap for the future to deal with this compelling and urgent healthcare problem.
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| 4. |
- Malm Renöfält, Birgitta, 1966-
(författare)
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Vegetation patterns and processes in riparian landscapes
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this study was to increase understanding of the processes structuring and controlling the species richness of riparian plant communities. In particular, I examined the unimodal relationship, found in many rivers, between plant species richness and location along the river corridor. The most important finding was that this pattern is dynamic and varies with time, most likely in response to large-scale flood disturbances. I also found that the sensitivity to flood disturbance varied with the environmental setting of the riparian reaches. Turbulent sections of the river retained high species richness, whereas tranquil reaches had significantly lower species richness in years following high and prolonged flooding, compared to a period without extreme flood events. Riparian soils along turbulent reaches are more resistant to oxygen depletion during floods, a factor which is likely to contribute to the maintenance of species richness. The finding that the species richness pattern varied with time led me to ask which factors control plant diversity along riparian zones. I addressed this question by formulating three contrasting, although not mutually exclusive, hypotheses: (1) longitudinal patterns in riparian plant species richness are governed by local, river-related processes independent of the regional species richness, (2) riparian plant species richness is controlled by dispersal along the river, i.e., longitudinal control, and (3) the variation in riparian plant species richness mirrors variation in regional richness, i.e., lateral control. I found indications of all three types of control, although local factors seemed to fit most of the criteria. Riparian species richness was not significantly correlated to species richness in the surrounding upland valley. It was however significantly negatively correlated to soil pH, a local habitat factor of the reach. The fact that the species richness pattern varied in time, corresponding to the presence or absence of extreme flood events suggest that it is influenced by local disturbance regimes. The potential for control by longitudinal dispersal was found to be highest in the middle reaches of a river. Here, the similarity between upland and riparian vegetation was lowest, and invasibility (germination ability) was highest. Earlier work has shown that regulated rivers have an inverted species richness pattern compared to free-flowing rivers, with lowest species richness in the middle reaches. One potential mechanism behind this could be varying susceptibility to disturbance along the river. I tested this by experimentally disturbing the vegetation, applying the same level of disturbance along an entire free-flowing river. However, the response to experimental disturbance did not vary with location, likely because of a major flood disturbance preceding the experiment.
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| 5. |
- Manser, M., et al.
(författare)
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Detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in clinical laboratories in Europe-a comparative study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 20:1, s. O65-O71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine the routine diagnostic methods used and compare the performance in detection of oocysts of Cryptosporidium species and cysts of Giardia intestinalis in faecal samples by European specialist parasitology laboratories and European clinical laboratories. Two sets of seven formalin-preserved faecal samples, one containing cysts of Giardia intestinalis and the other, containing oocysts of Cryptosporidium, were sent to 18 laboratories. Participants were asked to examine the specimens using their routine protocol for detecting these parasites and state the method(s) used. Eighteen laboratories answered the questionnaire. For detection of Giardia, 16 of them used sedimentation/concentration followed by light microscopy. Using this technique the lower limit of detection of Giardia was 17.2cysts/mL of faeces in the best performing laboratories. Only three of 16 laboratories used fluorescent-conjugated antibody-based microscopy. For detection of Cryptosporidium acid-fast staining was used by 14 of the 17 laboratories that examined the samples. With this technique the lower limit of detection was 976oocysts/mL of faeces. Fluorescent-conjugated antibody-based microscopy was used by only five of the 17 laboratories. There was variation in the lower limit of detection of cysts of Giardia and oocysts of Cryptosporidium between laboratories using the same basic microscopic methods. Fluorescent-conjugated antibody-based microscopy was not superior to light microscopy under the conditions of this study. There is a need for a larger-scale multi-site comparison of the methods used for the diagnosis of these parasites and the development of a Europe-wide laboratory protocol based upon its findings.
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| 6. |
- Villadsen, Sarah Fredsted, et al.
(författare)
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Unlocking the mechanisms of change in the MAMAACT intervention to reduce ethnic disparity in stillbirth and newborns' health : integration of evaluation findings
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in health services. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2813-0146. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethnic disparities in stillbirth exist in Europe and suboptimal care due to miscommunication is one contributing cause. The MAMAACT intervention aimed to reduce ethnic disparity in stillbirth and newborns' health through improved management of pregnancy complications. The intervention encompassed training of antenatal care midwives in cultural competencies and intercultural communication combined with health education materials for the expecting parents about symptoms of pregnancy complications. The evaluation consisted of a qualitative in-depth implementation analysis and a process evaluation embedded in a cluster randomized trial including 19 of 20 maternity wards in Denmark. In this article, the findings from the different evaluation perspectives are integrated. The integration follows the principles of realist evaluation by analyzing to what extent the MAMAACT activities were generating mechanisms of change in interaction with the context. The integration analysis shows that the health education materials in the MAMAACT intervention contributed to heightened health literacy concerning pregnancy complications among pregnant women. Additionally, the training of midwives in cultural competency and intercultural communication raised awareness among midwives. Nonetheless, the exclusive emphasis on midwives and the inflexibility in care provision hindered them from changing their communication practices. To enhance the cultural competence in maternity care, it is essential to implement more comprehensive initiatives involving healthcare professionals in maternity care at all levels, from pregraduate to postgraduate. Adequate interpreter services and management support should also be ensured. Currently, the Danish antenatal care system faces challenges including inadequate information transfer between healthcare sectors, insufficient differentiation of care, and inflexibility in midwife scheduling. This results in a lack of responsiveness to the individual needs of women with immigrant backgrounds, potentially reproducing health inequities.
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