| 1. |
- Zadeh, Iman Esmaeil, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient Single-Photon Detection with 7.7 ps Time Resolution for Photon-Correlation Measurements
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Photonics. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2330-4022. ; 7:7, s. 1780-1787
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A broad range of scientific and industrial disciplines require precise optical measurements at very low light levels. Single-photon detectors combining high efficiency and high time resolution are pivotal in such experiments. By using relatively thick films of NbTiN (8-11 nm) and improving the pattern fidelity of the nanostructure of the superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD), we fabricated devices demonstrating superior performance over all previously reported detectors in the combination of efficiency and time resolution. Our findings prove that small variations in the nanowire width, in the order of a few nanometers, can lead to a significant penalty on their temporal response. Addressing these issues, we consistently achieved high time resolution (best device 7.7 ps, other devices similar to 10-16 ps) simultaneously with high system detection efficiencies (80-90%) in the wavelength range of 780-1000 nm, as well as in the telecom bands (1310-1550 nm). The use of thicker films allowed us to fabricate large-area multipixel devices with homogeneous pixel performance. We first fabricated and characterized a 100 x 100 mu m(2) 16-pixel detector and showed there was little variation among individual pixels. Additionally, to showcase the power of our platform, we fabricated and characterized 4-pixel multimode fiber-coupled detectors and carried out photon-correlation experiments on a nanowire quantum dot resulting in g(2) (0) values lower than 0.04. The multipixel detectors alleviate the need for beamsplitters and can be used for higher order correlations with promising prospects not only in the field of quantum optics, but also in bioimaging applications, such as fluorescence microscopy and positron emission tomography.
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| 2. |
- Elshaari, Ali W., et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid integrated quantum photonic circuits
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Photonics. - : Springer Nature. - 1749-4885 .- 1749-4893. ; 14:5, s. 285-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent developments in chip-based photonic quantum circuits have radically impacted quantum information processing. However, it is challenging for monolithic photonic platforms to meet the stringent demands of most quantum applications. Hybrid platforms combining different photonic technologies in a single functional unit have great potential to overcome the limitations of monolithic photonic circuits. Our Review summarizes the progress of hybrid quantum photonics integration, discusses important design considerations, including optical connectivity and operation conditions, and highlights several successful realizations of key physical resources for building a quantum teleporter. We conclude by discussing the roadmap for realizing future advanced large-scale hybrid devices, beyond the solid-state platform, which hold great potential for quantum information applications.
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| 3. |
- Esmaeil Zadeh, Iman, et al.
(författare)
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Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors : A perspective on evolution, state-of-the-art, future developments, and applications
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 118:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two decades after their demonstration, superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have become indispensable tools for quantum photonics as well as for many other photon-starved applications. This invention has not only led to a burgeoning academic field with a wide range of applications but also triggered industrial efforts. Current state-of-the-art SNSPDs combine near-unity detection efficiency over a wide spectral range, low dark counts, short dead times, and picosecond time resolution. The present perspective discusses important milestones and progress of SNSPDs research, emerging applications, and future challenges and gives an outlook on technological developments required to bring SNSPDs to the next level: a photon-counting, fast time-tagging imaging, and multi-pixel technology that is also compatible with quantum photonic integrated circuits.
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| 4. |
- Gourgues, Ronan, et al.
(författare)
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Controlled integration of selected detectors and emitters in photonic integrated circuits
- 2019
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : OPTICAL SOC AMER. - 1094-4087. ; 27:3, s. 3710-3716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integration of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and quantum sources with photonic waveguides is crucial for realizing advanced quantum integrated circuits. However, scalability is hindered by stringent requirements on high-performance detectors. Here we overcome the yield limitation by controlled coupling of photonic channels to pre-selected detectors based on measuring critical current, timing resolution, and detection efficiency. As a proof of concept of our approach, we demonstrate a hybrid on-chip full-transceiver consisting of a deterministically integrated detector coupled to a selected nanowire quantum dot through a filtering circuit made of a silicon nitride waveguide and a ring resonator filter, delivering 100 dB suppression of the excitation laser. In addition, we perform extensive testing of the detectors before and after integration in the photonic circuit and show that the high performance of the superconducting nanowire detectors, including timing jitter down to 23 +/- 3 ps, is maintained. Our approach is fully compatible with wafer-level automated testing in a cleanroom environment.
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| 5. |
- Zadeh, I. E., et al.
(författare)
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Scalable quantum optics with nanowires
- 2019
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Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - : OSA - The Optical Society. - 9781943580569
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-photon generation, processing, and detection are the three main components of any quantum optical circuit. We present our results on integration of semiconducting nanowire quantum dots, dielectric waveguides, and ultrahigh performance superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors.
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| 6. |
- Zichi, Julien, et al.
(författare)
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NbxTi1-xN low timing jitter single-photon detectors with unity internal detection efficiency at 1550 nm
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The requirements in quantum optics experiments for high single photon detectionefficiency, low timing jitter, low dark count rate and short dead time have been fulfilled withthe development of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. Although they offer adetection efficiency above 90%, achieving a high time resolution in devices made ofamorphous materials is a challenge, particularly at temperatures above 0.8 K. Devices madefrom niobium nitride and niobium titanium nitride allow to reach the best timing jitter, but inturn have stronger requirements in terms of film quality to achieve a high efficiency. Here wetake advantage of the flexibility of reactive co-sputter deposition to tailor the composition ofNbxTi1-xN superconducting films, and show that a Nb fraction of x = 0.62 allows for thefabrication of detectors from films as thick as 9 nm and covering an active area of 20 μm,with a wide detection saturation plateau at telecom wavelengths and in particular at 1550 nm.This is a signature of an internal detection efficiency saturation, achieved while maintainingthe high time resolution associated with NbTiN and operation at 2.5K. With our optimizedrecipe, we reliably fabricated detectors with high critical current densities reaching asaturation plateau at 1550 nm with 80% system detection efficiency, and with a FWHMtiming jitter as low as 19.47 ps.
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| 7. |
- Zichi, Julien, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing the stoichiometry of ultrathin NbTiN films for high-performance superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
- 2019
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : OPTICAL SOC AMER. - 1094-4087. ; 27:19, s. 26579-26587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The requirements in quantum optics experiments for high single-photon detection efficiency. low timing jitter, low dark count rate and short dead time have been fulfilled with the development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Although they offer a detection efficiency above 90%, achieving a high time resolution in devices made of amorphous materials is a challenge, particularly at temperatures above 0.8 K. Devices made from niobium nitride and niobium titanium nitride allow us to reach the best timing jitter but. in turn, have stronger requirements in terms of film quality to achieve a high efficiency. Here we take advantage of the flexibility of reactive co-sputter deposition to tailor the composition of NbxTi1-xN superconducting films and show that a Nb fraction of x = 0.62 allows for the fabrication of detectors from films as thick as 9 nm and covering an active area of 20 mu m. with a wide detection saturation plateau at telecom wavelengths and in particular at 1550 nm. This is a signature of an internal detection efficiency saturation, achieved while maintaining the high time resolution associated with NbTiN and operation at 2.5K. With our optimized recipe, we reliably fabricated detectors with high critical current densities reaching a saturation plateau at 1550 nm with 80% system detection efficiency and with a FWHM timing jitter as low as 19.5 ps. Open Access Publishing Agreement
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| 8. |
- Chang, Jin, et al.
(författare)
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Nanowire-based integrated photonics for quantum information and quantum sensing
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nanophotonics. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2192-8614 .- 2192-8606. ; 12:3, s. 339-358
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the core of quantum photonic information processing and sensing, two major building pillars are single-photon emitters and single-photon detectors. In this review, we systematically summarize the working theory, material platform, fabrication process, and game-changing applications enabled by state-of-the-art quantum dots in nanowire emitters and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Such nanowire-based quantum hardware offers promising properties for modern quantum optics experiments. We highlight several burgeoning quantum photonics applications using nanowires and discuss development trends of integrated quantum photonics. Also, we propose quantum information processing and sensing experiments for the quantum optics community, and future interdisciplinary applications.
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| 9. |
- Descamps, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic Strain Modulation of a Nanowire Quantum Dot Compatible with a Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Photonic Platform
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Photonics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2330-4022. ; 10:10, s. 3691-3699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration of indistinguishable single photon sources in photonic circuits is a major prerequisite for on-chip quantum applications. Among the various high-quality sources, nanowire quantum dots can be efficiently coupled to optical waveguides because of their preferred emission direction along their growth direction. However, local tuning of the emission properties remains challenging. In this work, we transfer a nanowire quantum dot onto a bulk lithium niobate substrate and show that its emission can be dynamically tuned by acousto-optical coupling with surface acoustic waves. The purity of the single photon source is preserved during the strain modulation. We further demonstrate that the transduction is maintained even with a SiO2 encapsulation layer deposited on top of the nanowire acting as the cladding of a photonic circuit. Based on these experimental findings and numerical simulations, we introduce a device architecture consisting of a nanowire quantum dot efficiently coupled to a thin-film lithium niobate rib waveguide and strain-tunable by surface acoustic waves.
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| 10. |
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