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- Eriksen, Love, et al.
(author)
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Det antropogena landskapets uppgång och fall i Amazonområdet: Arawakkulturens ekologiska aspekter
- 2012
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In: Vetenskapssocieteten i Lund. Årsbok 2012. - 0349-053X. - 9789198055108 ; , s. 26-40
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mänskliga samhällen har i alla tider utövat inflytande på sin omgivande miljö genom sitt sätt att söka föda, bosätta sig, resa och handla, samt genom att utvinna de resurser hennes samhällsskick kräver. Människan är, i biologisk mening, en generalist: genom socioekonomiska, kulturella och i viss mån genetiska anpassningar har hon koloniserat samtliga naturtyper på jorden. Hon bosätter sig i de torraste öknar, i myllrande regnskogar, på kala bergsplatåer, vid flodslätter, havsstränder och på savanner, i bergsmassiv, tempererade lövskogar och i arktiska klimat. Mänskliga samhällen har en osedvanligt hög grad av anpassningsförmåga (i jämförelse med de flesta andra arter) och utöver detta har människan även tillgång till förmågan att omskapa sin omgivande natur för att bättre passa hennes syften. Detta fenomen är inte okänt bland andra arter, i princip bidrar alla livsformer i varierande grad till en omskapning av sin omkringliggande miljö, både bland individuella arter (till exempel bäver, barkborre) och i och med de koevolutionära processer som ständigt pågår mellan olika arter i våra ekosystem. Människan intar heller inte en utpräglad särställning ifråga om skalan på hennes omskapande av naturmiljön: cyanobakteriernas (Cyanobacteria) syresättning av jordens atmosfär för cirka 3 miljarder år sedan torde än så länge toppa listan i detta avseende. Ur human- och samhällsvetenskaplig synvinkel är det dock de mänskliga samhällena som står i fokus, och medan de encelliga cyanobakteriernas livscykel, spridningssätt och miljöpåverkan relativt enkelt dechiffrerats av den moderna biologiska forskningen återstår ännu ett stort arbete med att kartlägga de mekanismer mänskliga samhällen genom historien utvecklat för att anpassa naturen till sin fördel. Därav föreliggande studie.
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| 3. |
- Eriksen, Love
(author)
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Kultur och ekologi i Amazonas: GIS-bearbetning av historiska data om indianfolkens utbredning
- 2005
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study deals with some contested issues regarding prehistoric cultural development in Amazonia and the colonial impact on the native inhabitants of the area. It focuses on the relation between groups belonging the language families of Tupí and Gê, on one hand, and the different ecological zones that they inhabit, on the other. GIS mapping is used to visualise the distribution and movements of these groups in relation to ecology and the impact of European colonization. GIS is shown to be a useful methodology for analysing historical data derived from written sources and maps. The results of these analyses are discussed in the light of different theoretical perspectives. The study amounts to a critical review of earlier anthropological research in the Amazon, which traditionally has been strongly biased toward the Cultural Ecology of Julian Steward and Betty Meggers. Methodologically, the study shows how GIS analyses of spatial data on culture and ecology can be used in a trans-disciplinary framework to understand the relationship between ethnicity, ecology and subsistence.
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- Eriksen, Love
(author)
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Nature and Culture in Prehistoric Amazonia : Using G.I.S. to reconstruct ancient ethnogenetic processes from archaeology, linguistics, geography, and ethnohistory
- 2011
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis investigates the socio-cultural and linguistic development of pre-Columbian Amazonia, with a particular focus on the period between 500 BC and AD 1500. In assembling and analyzing data from archaeology, linguistics, ethnohistory, ethnography, and geography in a Geographical Information System (G.I.S.), it synthesizes large amounts of empirical data from several fields to facilitate long-term, macro-scale reconstructions of pre-Columbian socio-cultural processes in the region. These reconstructions focus on identifying the socio-economic and socio-cultural mechanisms underlying processes of cultural and linguistic expansion and subsequent patterns of ethno-linguistic diversity. The thesis thus addresses long-standing debates on the role of migration, ecology, subsistence strategies, trade, language, and ethnicity in such processes, and offers new explanations of the distribution of language families and ethno-linguistic groups in Amazonia. The thesis focuses on one of the major linguistic expansions in pre-Columbian South America, that of the Arawak language family. It identifies some of the cultural mechanisms in the interaction between Arawak- and non-Arawak-speaking societies, emphasizing the role of regional integration through long-distance travel and trade. The ambition is to transcend notions of bounded and essentialized ethnic identities that have characterized earlier attempts to account for the spatial distribution of indigenous languages and varieties of material culture. Emphasis is rather on the various factors that have conditioned active processes of ethnic identity construction, and on the methodological possibilities of identifying such conditions and processes at specific points in time and space.
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| 5. |
- Eriksen, Love, et al.
(author)
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Språk i Amazonas
- 2013
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In: Språket, människan och världen.
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 6. |
- Eriksen, Love, et al.
(author)
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The Arawakan Matrix
- 2014
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In: The Native Languages of South America: Origins, Development, Typology. - 9781107044289 ; , s. 152-176
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter investigates the cultural and linguistic characteristics of the ethno-linguistic groups of the Arawakan language family, particularly relating to situations of contact and exchange. At 1492, Arawakan languages were distributed from the Greater Antilles in the north to the Gran Chaco area in the south, and from the Amazon River mouth in the east, to the eastern Andean slopes in the west. The Arawakan languages expanded successfully across and beyond the South American continent during pre-Columbian times through a powerful cultural complex emphasizing contact and exchange with neighboring groups;, the Arawakan matrix, which this chapter aims to investigate and map. The investigators uses GIS (Geographical Information Systems) to explore the geographical distribution of cultural and linguistic features of Arawak-speaking people in space and time in order to gain a more complete picture of the timing and extension of their expansion. The chapter also adds to our current theoretical knowledge about the socio-cultural mechanisms of the Arawakan diaspora and the spatial distribution of particular linguistic features characteristic of the Arawakan language family.
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| 7. |
- Eriksen, Love, et al.
(author)
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The Tupian Expansion
- 2014
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In: The Native Languages of South America: Origins, Development, Typology. - 9781107044289 ; , s. 177-199
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter explores the expansion of the Tupian peoples across greater Amazonia to better understand the mechanisms and processes of cultural and linguistic contact and change. Tupian languages are or were spoken among indigenous groups distributed from the Brazilian Atlantic coast through Paraguay to the eastern Andean slopes of Peru. The investigation uses GIS (Geographical Information Systems) to map the spatial distribution of cultural and linguistic features associated with Tupi-speaking groups in order to plot the historical expansion of the Tupians and to characterize the sociocultural context and consequences of these events, particularly relating to internal and external contact situations. Research is directed toward multi-disciplinary integration of linguistic data with cultural data derived from anthropology, archaeology, ethnohistory, and geography, in order to reach a multifaceted understanding of the history of contact and exchange of Tupian groups. The chapter breaks new ground in combining traditional studies of material culture with linguistic data, as well as in mapping and investigating the spatial distribution of linguistic features and their relationship to other cultural attributes.
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