| 1. |
- Wallensten, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Surveillance of influenza A virus in migratory waterfowl in northern Europe
- 2007
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. - 1080-6040 ; 13:3, s. 404-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted large-scale, systematic sampling of influenza type A virus in migratory waterfowl (mostly mallards [Anas platyrhynchos]) at Ottenby Bird Observatory, southeast Sweden. As with previous studies, we found a higher prevalence in fall than spring, and among juveniles compared with adults. However, in contrast to other studies, we found that prevalence in spring was sometimes high (mean 4.0%, highest 9.5%). This finding raises the possibility that ducks are capable of perpetuating influenza A virus of different subtypes and subtype combinations throughout the year and from 1 year to the next. Isolation of the H5 and H7 subtypes was common, which suggests risk for transmission to sensitive domestic animals such as poultry. We argue that wild bird screening can function as a sentinel system, and we give an example of how it could have been used to forecast a remote and deadly outbreak of influenza A in poultry.
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| 2. |
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| 4. |
- Back, Pär-Erik, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Markmiljöns skyddsvärde – En härledning med utgångspunkt i miljöetik och lagstiftning
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vid riskbedömning av förorenade områden ska riskerna som föroreningen utgör bedömas för olika skyddsobjekt, främst människor, markmiljö, grund- och ytvatten. I fördjupade riskbedömningar kan det även vara aktuellt att bestämma lämpliga skyddsnivåer för skyddsobjekten. Till vilken nivå vi väljer att skydda ett objekt beror i hög grad på objektets skyddsvärde. Vad detta skyddsvärde består av och hur stort det anses vara beror i sin tur på vem det är som gör värderingen och vilket miljöetiskt synsätt som tillämpas. När skyddsobjektet markmiljö ska värderas uppstår ofta många frågor och oenigheten mellan olika aktörer kan ibland vara stor.Syftet med publikationen är att tydliggöra vad som avses med begreppet markmiljöns skyddsvärde och beskriva vad det består av. Olika miljöetiska synsätt kan leda till att vår markmiljö värderas olika högt beroende på vem som utför värderingen. I syfte att skapa en gemensam grund för denna typ av värderingar har vi här valt att utgå från den miljöetik som ligger till grund för vår miljölagstiftning. Målet med publikationen är att presentera en härledning av markmiljöns skyddsvärde och ge en grund för hur man kan resonera kring flera av de besvärliga frågor som ställs beträffande skyddet av markmiljön.Rapporten innehåller också en allmän diskussion av skyddsvärdet men beskriver inte konkret hur markmiljön bör värderas vid ett enskilt objekt. Publikationen är med andra ord ingen vägledning i den bemärkelsen att den är direkt tillämpbar för värdering i verkliga projekt. Vår förhoppning är istället att publikationen kommer att utgöra en viktig grund för arbetet med att ta fram framtida vägledningsmaterial för ekologisk riskbedömning samt riskvärdering.
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| 5. |
- Bartik, Zsuzsa, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide scan to locate regions associated with familial vesicoureteral reflux
- 2022
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Ingår i: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1792-0981 .- 1792-1015. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a congenital malformation carrying a high risk of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) and, at worst, chronic renal failure. Familial clustering implies a genetic etiology, but studies during the past few decades have demonstrated a causal gene variant in <10% of patients with VUR. The aim of the present study was to search for fully or partially shared ancestral haplotypes in 14 families from south-western Sweden with at least three affected members. High-density single nucleotide polymorphism microarray was used for genotyping prior to analysis with a compatibility matching method developed in-house, and the analysis of copy number variations (CNV). No single unique haplotype was revealed to be shared by the families, thereby excluding a common ancestry and founder mutations as a probable cause of VUR. After evaluation of haplotypes shared by subsets of families, a haplotype shared by nine families was found to be of particular interest. This haplotype, located at chromosomal region 4q21.21, harbours two tentative candidate genes (bone morphogenetic protein 3 and fibroblast growth factor 5), both expressed in metanephros and with known functions during nephrogenesis. As to CNV, only one family had a specific CNV shared by all affected members. This was a focal deletion at 5q31.1 including follistatin-like 4, a gene without a previous known connection to VUR. These data demonstrated the genetic heterogeneity of VUR and indicated that an interaction of environmental and genetic factors, including non-coding and epigenetic regulators, all contribute to the complexity of VUR.
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| 6. |
- Berglund, Malin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Hearing outcome after myringoplasty in Sweden: A nationwide registry-based cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Otolaryngology. - : Wiley. - 1749-4478 .- 1749-4486 .- 1365-2273. ; 45:3, s. 357-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To present hearing results after successful primary myringoplasty surgeries registered in the Swedish Quality Registry for Myringoplasty and to evaluate the chance of hearing improvement and the risk of hearing loss. Design A retrospective nationwide cohort study based on prospectively collected registry data between 2002 and 2012. Settings Registry data from secondary and tertiary hospitals performing myringoplasty. Participants Patients with healed tympanic membrane after primary myringoplasty surgery performed from 2002 to 2012 in Sweden. Main outcome measures Postoperative hearing results, hearing gain and air-bone gap (ABG). Results In 2226 myringoplasties, air conduction audiograms were recorded, and the average preoperative pure tone average (PTA(4)) of the group was 28.5 dB, which improved postoperatively to 19.6 dB with an average of 8.8 dB improvement. Bone conduction was measured for 1476 procedures. Closure of the ABG to 10 dB or less was achieved in 51% of the ears and to less than 20 dB in 89% of the ears. Sixty-one percent of patients with preoperatively deteriorated hearing experienced improved hearing, but 3% of all patients experienced deteriorated hearing. After the surgery, 93% of the patients were satisfied. Conclusions Hearing results after successful myringoplasty surgery are often favourable, but although the tympanic membrane is healed, hearing improvement is not guaranteed, and hearing deterioration can also occur.
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| 7. |
- Berglund, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Myringoplasty Outcomes From the Swedish National Quality Registry
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Laryngoscope. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0023-852X .- 1531-4995. ; 127:10, s. 2389-2395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Data from patients registered for myringoplasty during 2002 to 2012 in the Swedish National Quality Registry for Myringoplasty.STUDY DESIGN: Both conventional myringoplasty and fat-graft techniques were used aimed at healing the tympanic membrane in noninfected ears.METHODS: Analysis was performed on data in a national database collected from 32 ear, nose, and throat clinics. Surgical procedures and outcomes, and patient satisfaction from a questionnaire were studied.RESULTS: The database was comprised of 3,775 surgical procedures, with follow-up available for analysis. One-third were children under the age of 15 years. The most common indication for surgery was infection prophylaxis. The overall healing rate of the tympanic membrane after surgery was 88.5%, with a high mean patient satisfaction. Complications registered were postoperative infection, tinnitus, or taste disturbance that occurred in 5.8% of patients.CONCLUSIONS: Swedish results for a large number of patients who completed myringoplasty are presented. The success rate in this study is comparable to other studies, and good patient-reported outcome measures of myringoplasty are presented. Databases for surgical procedures and clinical audits are systematic processes for continuous learning in healthcare. This study shows that clinical databases can be utilized to analyze national results of surgical procedures.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2b Laryngoscope, 127:2389-2395, 2017.
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| 8. |
- Berglund, Malin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Tinnitus and taste disturbances reported after myringoplasty: Data from a national quality registry
- 2019
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Ingår i: Laryngoscope. - : Wiley. - 0023-852X .- 1531-4995. ; 129:1, s. 209-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc. Objectives/Hypothesis: Postoperative tinnitus and taste disturbances after myringoplasty are more common than previously reported. Study Design: This study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the Swedish National Quality Registry for Myringoplasty. Methods: The analysis was performed on extracted data from all counties in Sweden collected from database A from 2002 to 2012 and database B from 2013 to 2016. Tinnitus and taste disturbance complications 1 year after myringoplasty were analyzed in relation to gender, age, procedure, and success rate. In database A, physicians reported tinnitus and taste disturbances. In database B, patients reported the complications. Results: A major difference was found when the complications were reported by physicians compared to when the complications were reported by patients. In database A, tinnitus was reported in 1.2% of the patients and taste disturbances in 0.5%. In database B, the frequencies were 12.3% and 11.2%, respectively. Tinnitus and taste disturbances were more frequent after conventional myringoplasty compared to those after fat grafting and were more frequent after primary compared to those after revision surgery when reported by physicians. Patients, however, reported the same frequency of tinnitus after fat graft myringoplasty compared to that after conventional myringoplasty (12.0% vs. 12.6%) and fewer taste disturbances after revision surgery. In follow-up assessments, complications persisted after surgery over a long time period. Conclusion: Tinnitus and taste disturbances are more common after myringoplasty when patients report their symptoms than when physicians report the symptoms. Level of Evidence: 2b. Laryngoscope, 2018.
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| 9. |
- Bergström, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Children with two homes: Psychological problems in relation to living arrangements in Nordic 2-to 9-year-olds
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scand J Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 47:2, s. 137-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Joint physical custody, children spending equal time in each parents' respective home after a parental divorce, is particularly common in Nordic compared with other Western countries. Older children have been shown to fare well in this practice but for young children there are few existing studies. The aim of this paper is to study psychological problems in 2- to 9-year-old Nordic children in different family forms. Methods: Total symptom score according to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as well as scores showing externalizing problems were compared among 152 children in joint physical custody, 303 in single care and 3207 in nuclear families through multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Children in single care had more psychological symptoms than those in joint physical custody (B = 1.08; 95% CI 0.48 to 1.67) and those in nuclear families had the least reported symptoms (B = -0.53; 95% CI -0.89 to -0.17). Externalizing problems were also lower in nuclear families (B = -0.28, 95% CI -0.52 to -0.04) compared with joint physical custody after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions: Young children with non-cohabiting parents suffered from more psychological problems than those in intact families. Children in joint physical custody had a lower total problem score than those in single care after adjusting for covariates. Longitudinal studies with information on family factors before the separation are needed to inform policy of young children's post-separation living arrangements.
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| 10. |
- Bergström, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Fifty moves a year: is there an association between joint physical custody and psychosomatic problems in children?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 69:8, s. 769-774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In many Western countries, an increasing number of children with separated parents have joint physical custody, that is, live equally much in their parents respective homes. In Sweden, joint physical custody is particularly common and concerns between 30% and 40% of the children with separated parents. It has been hypothesised that the frequent moves and lack of stability in parenting may be stressful for these children. Methods We used data from a national classroom survey of all sixth and ninth grade students in Sweden (N=147839) to investigate the association between childrens psychosomatic problems and living arrangements. Children in joint physical custody were compared with those living only or mostly with one parent and in nuclear families. We conducted sex-specific linear regression analyses for z-transformed sum scores of psychosomatic problems and adjusted for age, country of origin as well as childrens satisfaction with material resources and relationships to parents. Clustering by school was accounted for by using a two-level random intercept model. Results Children in joint physical custody suffered from less psychosomatic problems than those living mostly or only with one parent but reported more symptoms than those in nuclear families. Satisfaction with their material resources and parent-child relationships was associated with childrens psychosomatic health but could not explain the differences between children in the different living arrangements. Conclusions Children with non-cohabitant parents experience more psychosomatic problems than those in nuclear families. Those in joint physical custody do however report better psychosomatic health than children living mostly or only with one parent. Longitudinal studies with information on family factors before and after the separation are needed to inform policy of childrens postseparation living arrangements.
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