| 1. |
- Fransson, Per, 1946-, et al.
(author)
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A comparative study of adolescents in psychiatric care assessed by means of the Defense Mechanism Test and the DSM-IV classification system
- 1998
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - Oslo : Informa Healthcare. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 52:6, s. 527-536
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Twenty-seven adolescents in psychiatric care, assessed by means of DSM-IV, and 33 healthy controls were tested using the projective percept-genetic Defense Mechanism Test (DMT). Three diagnostic subgroups were created: psychotic (Axis 1), borderline personality disorder (Axis 2), and a non-patient group. The test protocols were scored with regard to 130 DMT variables and analyzed by means of partial least squares (PLS) discriminant analysis and by means of a pattern analysis of the DMT variables. The results showed that it was possible to distinguish significantly among the three groups. Specific perceptual distortions were identified among the three groups. It was concluded that DMT is a promising instrument in the assessment of adolescents in psychiatric care.
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| 2. |
- Fransson, Per, 1946-, et al.
(author)
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Defense Mechanism Test (DMT) and Kernberg’s theory of personality organization related to adolescents in psychiatric care
- 1997
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 38:2, s. 95-102
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 75 adolescent psychiatric patients were diagnosed with the perceptual projective test the Defense Mechanism Test (DMT) and also according to Kernberg’s theory of personality organization (PO). The test protocols were scored in respect of 130DMT variables and analyzed by means of partial least squares (PLS) discriminant analysis. The objective was to try to separate the three types of PO, psychotic (PPO), borderline (BPO) and neurotic (NPO) by means of the DMT and also to compare the results with a similar study on adult psychiatric patients. The results showed that it is possible to separate significantly the three groups of PO. The BPO group seemed to be heterogeneous. The results were fairly similar to those obtained with adult psychiatric patients. The overall results supported the concurrent validity of Kernberg’s theory of PO and for the DMT as well. The DMT seems to be a useful diagnostic method in respect of adolescent psychiatric patients.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Fransson, Per, 1946-, et al.
(author)
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Gender differences and the Defense Mechanism Test : A comparative study of adolescents in psychiatric care and healthy controls
- 1998
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 39:2, s. 93-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper was to study gender differences in the percept-genetic method Defense Mechanism Test (DMT) among a group of 60 adolescent subjects. Three subgroups were used: patients with psychotic disorders (Axis 1); borderline personality disorder (Axis 2) according to the DSM-IV classification system, and a non-patient group. The test protocols were scored with respect to 124 DMT variables and analyzed by means of the multivariate projection method Partial Least Squares (PLS) in latent structures. The overall results showed considerable gender differences in the whole group as well as in the subgroups. The most striking finding was that girls compared to boys were characterized by the perceptual defense identification with the opposite sex, which means that they perceived male gestalts instead of females in the stimulus picture. When both gender and diagnostic group membership were considered simultaneously, the influence of diagnostic group membership seemed to be stronger than gender even if there was an interaction between diagnoses and gender. It was concluded that gender must be considered when the DMT is used on adolescent populations.
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| 6. |
- Semb, Olof, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Distress after a single violent crime : how shame-proneness and event-related shame work together as risk factors for post-victimization symptoms
- 2011
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In: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 109:1, s. 3-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To increase understanding of post-victimization symptom development, the present study investigated the role of shame- and guilt-proneness and event-related shame and guilt as potential risk factors. 35 individuals (M age = 31.7 yr.; 48.5% women), recently victimized by a single event of severe violent crime, were assessed regarding shame- and guilt-proneness, event-related shame and guilt, and post-victimization symptoms. The mediating role of event-related shame was investigated with structural equation modeling (SEM), using bootstrapping. The guilt measures were unrelated to each other and to post-victimization symptoms. The shame measures were highly intercorrelated and were both positively correlated to more severe post-victimization symptom levels. Event-related shame as mediator between shame-proneness and post-victimization symptoms was demonstrated by prevalent significant indirect effects. Both shame measures are potent risk factors for distress after victimization, whereby part of the effect of shame-proneness on post-victimization symptoms is explained by event-related shame.
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| 7. |
- Semb, Olof, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Shame and Shame-Proneness in Relation to PTSD and Post-Victimization Reactions
- 2012
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In: Beyond Boundaries: Innovations to Expand Services andTailor Traumatic Stress Treatments.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Focusing mainly on the effects of fear and helplessness in PTSD, shame has been described as being anunderestimated possible factor for post trauma reactions. Shame and shame proneness have independently been shown to predict maladjustment after traumatizing events like criminal victimization, while guilt typically is described as unrelated to symptomatology. In a cross-sectional study, victims of interpersonal violence were investigated. Measures of shame and guilt proneness as well as self-rated experienced shame and guilt in association with the crime were related to symptomatology (PTSD-specific as well as general psychiatric symptoms). The shame measures were independently related to symptomatology but also to each other, while the guilt measures were unrelated to symptomatology and to each other. Further, event-related shame appeared as mediator between shame-proneness and post-victimization symptoms. A better understanding of the relationship between event-related emotions like shame and guilt and the propensity to react with shame or guiltmay have important clinical implications. Some suggestions as to how we move on from here will bepresented.
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| 9. |
- Bjorndal, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Treatment of deep caries lesions in adults: randomized clinical trials comparing stepwise vs. direct complete excavation, and direct pulp capping vs. partial pulpotomy
- 2010
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In: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 118:3, s. 290-297
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Less invasive excavation methods have been suggested for deep caries lesions. We tested the effects of stepwise vs. direct complete excavation, 1 yr after the procedure had been carried out, in 314 adults (from six centres) who had received treatment of a tooth with deep caries. The teeth had caries lesions involving 75% or more of the dentin and were centrally randomized to stepwise or direct complete excavation. Stepwise excavation resulted in fewer pulp exposures compared with direct complete excavation [difference: 11.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.2; 21.3)]. At 1 yr of follow-up, there was a statistically significantly higher success rate with stepwise excavation, with success being defined as an unexposed pulp with sustained pulp vitality without apical radiolucency [difference: 11.7%, 95% CI (0.5; 22.5)]. In a subsequent nested trial, 58 patients with exposed pulps were randomized to direct capping or partial pulpotomy. We found no significant difference in pulp vitality without apical radiolucency between the two capping procedures after more than 1 yr [31.8% and 34.5%; difference: 2.7%, 95% CI (−22.7; 26.6)]. In conclusion, stepwise excavation decreases the risk of pulp exposure compared with direct complete excavation. In view of the poor prognosis of vital pulp treatment, a stepwise excavation approach for managing deep caries lesions is recommended.
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