| 1. |
- Andersson Ersman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromic Displays Screen Printed on Transparent Nanocellulose-Based Substrates
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Photonics Research. - : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. - 2699-9293.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturing of electronic devices via printing techniques is often considered to be an environmentally friendly approach, partially due to the efficient utilization of materials. Traditionally, printed electronic components (e.g., sensors, transistors, and displays) are relying on flexible substrates based on plastic materials; this is especially true in electronic display applications where, most of the times, a transparent carrier is required in order to enable presentation of the display content. However, plastic-based substrates are often ruled out in end user scenarios striving toward sustainability. Paper substrates based on ordinary cellulose fibers can potentially replace plastic substrates, but the opaqueness limits the range of applications where they can be used. Herein, electrochromic displays that are manufactured, via screen printing, directly on state-of-the-art fully transparent substrates based on nanocellulose are presented. Several different nanocellulose-based substrates, based on either nanofibrillated or nanocrystalline cellulose, are manufactured and evaluated as substrates for the manufacturing of electrochromic displays, and the optical and electrical switching performances of the resulting display devices are reported and compared. The reported devices do not require the use of metals and/or transparent conductive oxides, thereby providing a sustainable all-printed electrochromic display technology.
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| 2. |
- Andersson Ersman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The rise of electrochromics through dynamic QR codes and grayscale images in screen printed passive matrix addressed displays
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Research. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electronic matrix addressed displays capable of presenting arbitrary grayscale images typically require complex device architectures including switching components to provide unique pixel addressability. Here, we demonstrate high-yield manufacturing of passive matrix addressed electrochromic displays on flexible substrates by solely using screen printing. The simple pixel architecture, obtained by printing only three active layers on top of each other, concurrently provides both the electrochromic functionality and the critical non-linear pixel switching response that enables presentation of arbitrary grayscale images in the resulting passive matrix addressed displays. The all-printed display technology exhibits unprecedented performance and is further verified by dynamic QR codes, to exemplify utilization within authentication, packaging, or other emerging Internet of Things applications requiring a low-cost display for data visualization. © 2022, The Author(s).
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| 3. |
- Brooke, Robert, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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All-Printed Electrochromic Stickers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Macromolecular materials and engineering. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 1438-7492 .- 1439-2054. ; 308:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Displays are one of the most mature technologies in the field of printed electronics. Their ability to be manufactured in large quantities and at low cost has led to their recent uptake into the consumer market. Within this article this technology is extended to electrochromic display stickers. This is achieved using a recent reverse display architecture screen printed on textile and paper sticker substrates. The electrochromic stickers are comparable to plastic control substrates and show little performance difference even when adhered to curved surfaces. The electrochromic display technology is extended to sticker labels for authentication applications by patterning either the dielectric or the graphical layer. A proof-of-concept prototype emulating a wax seal on an envelope is presented to show that other colors can be implemented in this technology. © 2023 The Authors.
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| 4. |
- Brooke, Robert, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Paper Electronics Utilizing Screen Printing and Vapor Phase Polymerization
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Sustainable Systems. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 2366-7486. ; 7:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rise of paper electronics has been accelerated due to the public push for sustainability. Electronic waste can potentially be avoided if certain materials in electronic components can be substituted for greener alternatives such as paper. Within this report, it is demonstrated that conductive polymers poly(3,4-ethylenedoxythiophene) (PEDOT), polypyrrole, and polythiophene, can be synthesized by screen printing combined with vapor phase polymerization on paper substrates and further incorporated into functional electronic components. High patterning resolution (100 µm) is achieved for all conductive polymers, with PEDOT showing impressive sheet resistance values. PEDOT is incorporated as conductive circuitry and as the active material in all-printed electrochromic displays. The conductive polymer circuits allow for functional light emitting diodes, while the electrochromic displays are comparable to commercial displays utilizing PEDOT on plastic substrates.
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| 5. |
- Freitag, Kathrin, et al.
(författare)
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Screen Printed Reflective Electrochromic Displays for Paper and Other Opaque Substrates
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Optical Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2771-9855 .- 2771-9855. ; 1:2, s. 578-586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paper electronics is a viable alternative to traditional electronics, leading to more sustainable electronics. Many challenges still require solutions before paper electronics become mainstream. Here, we present a solution to enable the manufacturing of reflective all-printed organic electrochromic displays (OECDs) on paper substrates; devices that are usually printed on transparent substrates, for example, plastics. In order to operate on opaque paper substrates, an architecture for reversely printed OECDs (rOECDs) is developed. In this architecture, the electrochromic layer is printed as the last functional layer and can therefore be viewed from the print side. Square shaped 1 cm2 rOECDs are successfully screen printed on paper, with a high manufacturing yield exceeding 99%, switching times <3 s and high color contrast (ΔE* > 27). Approximately 60% of the color is retained after 15 min in open-circuit mode. Compared to the conventional screen printed OECD architectures, the rOECDs recover approximately three times faster from storage in a dry environment, which is particularly important in systems where storage in low humidity atmosphere is required, for example, in many biosensing applications. Finally, a more complex rOECD with 9 individually addressable segments is successfully screen printed and demonstrated.
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