| 1. |
- Dupret, Vincent, et al.
(författare)
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The Bothriolepis (Placodermi, Antiarcha) material from the Valentia Slate Formation of the Iveragh Peninsula (middle Givetian, Ireland) : Morphology, evolutionary and systematic considerations, phylogenetic and palaeogeographic implications
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Material of the antiarch placoderm Bothriolepis from the middle Givetian of the Valentia Slate Formation in Iveragh Peninsula, Ireland, is described and attributed to a new species, B. dairbhrensis sp. nov. A revision of the genus Bothriolepis is proposed, and its taxonomic content and previous phylogenetic analyses are reviewed, as well as the validity of morphologic characteristics considered important for the establishment of the genus, such as the shape of the preorbital recess of the neurocranium. A series of computerised phylogenetic analyses was performed, which reveals that our new species is the sister taxon to the Frasnian Scottish form B. gigantea. New phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses of the genus Bothriolepis together with comparisons between faunal assemblages reveal a first northward dispersal wave from Gondwana to Euramerica at the latest in the mid Givetian. Other Euramerican species of Bothriolepis seem to belong to later dispersal waves from Gondwana, non-excluding southward waves from Euramerica. Questions remain open such as the taxonomic validity and stratigraphic constraints for the most ancient forms of Bothriolepis in China, and around the highly speciose nature of the genus.
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| 2. |
- Shulman, V. S., et al.
(författare)
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Reduced synthesis in harmonic analysis and compact synthesis in operator theory
- 2017
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Ingår i: Functional Analysis and Its Applications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0016-2663 .- 1573-8485. ; 51:3, s. 240-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The notion of reduced synthesis in the context of harmonic analysis on general locally compact groups is introduced; in the classical situation of commutative groups, this notion means that a function f in the Fourier algebra is annihilated by any pseudofunction supported on f (-1)(0). A relationship between reduced synthesis and compact synthesis (i.e., the possibility of approximating compact operators by pseudointegral ones without increasing the support) is determined, which makes it possible to obtain new results both in operator theory and in harmonic analysis. Applications to the theory of linear operator equations are also given.
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| 3. |
- Stavroulaki, Ioanna, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Methodology and results of an international observational study on pedestrian movement tracking anonymised Wi-Fi signals from mobile phones
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents the methodology and results of an international observational study on pedestrian movement, using innovative high-end technology of tracking anonymised Wi-Fi signals from mobile phones. The pedestrian survey was conducted during three weeks in October 2017 in 60 neighbourhoods across three cities in Europe - London, Amsterdam, Stockholm. The survey was led by Chalmers University in cooperation with Bumbee Labs consultancy firm. More than 300 streets of different network centrality profiles were monitored, ranging from small alleys to high streets, in neighbourhoods which differed in density type,from suburban villa areas of low density to central high-density areas with primarily closed building blocks.The aim is to quantify the separate and combined effects of spatial form, particularly built density and street centrality, on pedestrian movement. The collected data record how many people passed each street per hour, but also their average speed and exact paths through the area; revealing both flow patterns and intensities, and the microstructure of individual paths. The paper, first, presents the methodology and technology of collecting and processing anonymised pedestrian data through mobile phone Wi-Fi tracking and the results of the study. Then, results are tested against spatial variables and types to discuss how movement is influenced by street centrality, density and other attractors. Finally, the paper discusses the possible utilisations of pedestrian data in urban analysis and design, not least in a time when big data become increasingly accessible and when the boost of pedestrian mobility in cities is a central planning objective.
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| 4. |
- Huber, Malin, 1979-
(författare)
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To tear and to heal : pelvic floor dysfunction and childbirth
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Up to 80% of women are affected by a perineal laceration after their first vaginal birth. An estimated 40–50% of lacerations involve the perineal muscles, and up to 7% are obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASI). There is a lack of knowledge about the extent of short-term complications such as pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) following spontaneous or iatrogenic pelvic floor trauma. Women’s experiences of daily life after childbirth complicated by OASI is poorly understood. Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasonography (3D-EAUS) is a welldocumented method for evaluating damage to the anal sphincter in other contexts. Adding ultrasonography to standard clinical examination has revealed injuries previously missed, and research evaluating diagnostic methods for the routine screening of OASI has been called for.Aim: This thesis aims to evaluate the diagnostics of OASI, determine if the degree of perineal injury or anal sphincter defects after childbirth are associated with pelvic dysfunction, and explore women’s experiences of OASI.Methods Studies I and IV were prospective cohort-studies to evaluate any association between perineal tear or sphincter defect to PFD. Study II was an interview study addressing women’s experiences of OASI by qualitative content analysis. Study III was a cross-sectional study designed to examine the utility of endoanal ultrasound to detect OASI. Participants were clinically examined after birth and 3D-EAUS was performed immediately after giving birth and 3 months postpartum. PFD was evaluated using a web-based questionnaire one year after delivery.Results: A total of 511 women completed the one-year questionnaire (Study I) and a purposive sample of 11 women were invited to take part in Study II. In Study III, 680 women underwent a clinical examination and 3D-EAUS recording immediately after birth. In Study IV, 239 women who attended all follow-ups were included. PFD was experienced by women with a perineal laceration of any grade, but also those with an intact perineum. Dyspareunia and urinary incontinence were the most common problems. Women with OASI had a higher risk for developing vi symptoms of prolapse, urinary urge incontinence, dyspareunia, and pain as well as experiencing a negative impact on their daily life. Elements that negatively influenced women’s experiences of OASI were pain and symptoms of PFD, normalisation of symptoms by healthcare providers, and unrealistic expectations about this period in life. 3D-EAUS immediately after delivery had poor sensitivity and specificity in detecting clinically diagnosed OASI. Postpartum anal sphincter defects were associated with genital pain and dyspareunia.Conclusions: OASI is an evident risk factor for pelvic floor dysfunction after childbirth, but symptoms of pelvic floor disorder were found to be common, even in women with mild to moderate perineal laceration. OASI has a negative impact on how a woman experiences relationships, social contact, and sexuality. Using 3D-EAUS in a maternity ward to diagnose OASI is demanding. Staff generally have little experience in 3D-EAUS. There are also difficulties in obtaining good image quality, due to local oedema, bleeding, positioning of the woman, and unintentional movements. These factors all complicate the interpretation of images.
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