| 1. |
- Bachour, Raougina-Laouisa, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral effects of citalopram, tramadol, and binary mixture in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pharmaceuticals are emerging as environmentally problematic compounds. As they are often not appropriately removed by sewage treatment plants, pharmaceutical compounds end up in surface water environments worldwide at concentrations in the ng to μg L−1 range. There is a need to further explore single compound and mixture effects using e.g. in vivo test model systems. We have investigated, for the first time, behavioral effects in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to a binary mixture of an antidepressant drug (citalopram) and a synthetic opioid (tramadol). Citalopram and tramadol have a similar mode of action (serotonin reuptake inhibition) and are known to produce drug-drug interactional effects resulting in serotonin syndrome (SS) in humans. Zebrafish embryo-larvae were exposed to citalopram, tramadol and 1:1 binary mixture from fertilization until 144 h post fertilization. No effects on heart rate, spontaneous tail coiling, or death/malformations were observed in any treatment at tested concentrations. Behavior (hypoactivity in dark periods) was on the other hand affected, with lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) of 373 μg L−1 for citalopram, 320 μg L−1 for tramadol, and 473 μg L−1 for the 1:1 mixture. Behavioral EC50 was calculated to be 471 μg L−1 for citalopram, 411 μg L−1 for tramadol, and 713 μg L−1 for the 1:1 mixture. The results of this study conclude that tramadol and citalopram produce hypoactivity in 144 hpf zebrafish larvae. Further, a 1:1 binary mixture of the two caused the same response, albeit at a higher concentration, possibly due to SS.
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| 2. |
- Blum, Kristin M., et al.
(författare)
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Removal of 30 active pharmaceutical ingredients in surface water under long-term artificial UV irradiation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 176, s. 175-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the i) kinetics, and ii) proportion of photolysis of 30 relatively stable active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) during artificial UV irradiation for 28 d in ammonium acetate buffer, filtered and unfiltered river water. Buffer was included to control removal kinetics under stable pH conditions and without particulate matter. Dark controls were used to determine removal due to other processes than photolysis and calculate the proportion of photolysis of the total removal. The removal of each API in each matrix was determined using online solid phase extraction/liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (online SPE/LC-MS/MS). Most APIs transformed during the 28 d of UV irradiation and the dark controls showed that photolysis was the major removal process for the majority of the APIs studied. The half-lives ranged from 6 h (amitriptyline) in unfiltered river water to 884 h (37 d, carbamazepine) in buffer. In unfiltered river water, the proportion of APIs with short half-lives (<48 h) was much higher (29%) than in the other matrices (4%), probably due to additional organic carbon, which could have promoted indirect photolysis. Furthermore, two APIs, memantine and fluconazole, were stable in all three matrices, while alprazolam was stable in buffer and unfiltered river water and four additional APIs were stable in buffer. Considering the relatively long-term UV-exposure, this study enabled the investigation of environmentally relevant half-lives in natural waters. Many APIs showed high persistence, which is environmentally concerning and emphasizes the importance of further studies on their environmental fate and effects.
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| 3. |
- Celma Tirado, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Are preserved coastal water bodies in Spanish Mediterranean basin impacted by human activity? Water quality evaluation using chemical and biological analyses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Spanish Mediterranean basin is particularly susceptible to climate change and human activities, making it vulnerable to the influence of anthropogenic contaminants. Therefore, conducting comprehensive and exhaustive water quality assessment in relevant water bodies of this basin is pivotal. In this work, surface water samples from coastal lagoons or estuaries were collected across the Spanish Mediterranean coastline and subjected to target and suspect screening of 1,585 organic micropollutants by liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility separation and high resolution mass spectrometry. In total, 91 organic micropollutants could be confirmed and 5 were tentatively identified, with pharmaceuticals and pesticides being the most prevalent groups of chemicals. Chemical analysis data was compared with data on bioanalysis of those samples (recurrent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, and estrogenic receptor (ER) inhibition in wetland samples affected by wastewater streams). The number of identified organic contaminants containing aromatic rings could explain the AhR activation observed. For the ER antagonistic effects, predictions on estrogenic inhibition potency for the detected compounds were used to explain the activities observed. The integration of chemical analysis with bioanalytical observations allowed a comprehensive overview of the quality of the water bodies under study.
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| 4. |
- Dürig, Wiebke, et al.
(författare)
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Novel prioritisation strategies for evaluation of temporal trends in archived white-tailed sea eagle muscle tissue in non-target screening
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental monitoring studies based on target analysis capture only a small fraction of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and miss pollutants potentially harmful to wildlife. Environmental specimen banks, with their archived samples, provide opportunities to identify new CECs by temporal trend analysis and nontarget screening. In this study, archived white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) muscle tissue was analysed by non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry. Univariate statistical tests (Mann-Kendall and Spearman rank) for temporal trend analysis were applied as prioritisation methods. A workflow for non-target data was developed and validated using an artificial time series spiked at five levels with gradient concentrations of selected CECs (n = 243). Pooled eagle muscle tissues collected 1965-2017 were then investigated with an eightpoint time series using the validated screening workflow. Following peak detection, peak alignment, and blank subtraction, 14 409 features were considered for statistical analysis. Prioritisation by time-trend analysis detected 207 features with increasing trends. Following unequivocal molecular formula assignment to prioritised features and further elucidation with MetFrag and EU Massbank, 13 compounds were tentatively identified, of which four were of anthropogenic origin. These results show that it is possible to prioritise new CECs in archived biological samples using univariate statistical approaches.
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| 5. |
- Dürig, Wiebke, et al.
(författare)
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What is in the fish? Collaborative trial in suspect and non-target screening of organic micropollutants using LC- and GC-HRMS
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A collaborative trial involving 16 participants from nine European countries was conducted within the NORMAN network in efforts to harmonise suspect and non-target screening of environmental contaminants in whole fish samples of bream (Abramis brama). Participants were provided with freeze-dried, homogenised fish samples from a contaminated and a reference site, extracts (spiked and non-spiked) and reference sample preparation protocols for liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Participants extracted fish samples using their in-house sample preparation method and/or the protocol provided. Participants correctly identified 9–69 % of spiked compounds using LC-HRMS and 20–60 % of spiked compounds using GC-HRMS. From the contaminated site, suspect screening with participants’ own suspect lists led to putative identification of on average ∼145 and ∼20 unique features per participant using LC-HRMS and GC-HRMS, respectively, while non-target screening identified on average ∼42 and ∼56 unique features per participant using LC-HRMS and GC-HRMS, respectively. Within the same sub-group of sample preparation method, only a few features were identified by at least two participants in suspect screening (16 features using LC-HRMS, 0 features using GC-HRMS) and non-target screening (0 features using LC-HRMS, 2 features using GC-HRMS). The compounds identified had log octanol/water partition coefficient (KOW) values from −9.9 to 16 and mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) of 68 to 761 (LC-HRMS and GC-HRMS). A significant linear trend was found between log KOW and m/z for the GC-HRMS data. Overall, these findings indicate that differences in screening results are mainly due to the data analysis workflows used by different participants. Further work is needed to harmonise the results obtained when applying suspect and non-target screening approaches to environmental biota samples.
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| 6. |
- Figuière, Romain, et al.
(författare)
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Risk-based screening for prioritisation of organic micropollutants in Swedish freshwater
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concerns about environmental contamination by organic micropollutants (OMPs) are increasing, due to their potential bioaccumulative and toxic properties. This study evaluated the risk posed by OMPs to aquatic eco- systems in Swedish freshwaters. The assessment was based on measured environmental concentrations (MEC) of OMPs in surface waters upstream and downstream of Swedish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). A novel optimised risk quotient (RQf) was used to identify potential high-risk substances in the aquatic environment. A secondary objective was to assess the impact of WWTP effluent on aquatic ecosystems using a novel impact factor (I) based on the risk quotient (RQ). Among the 126 substances investigated, four compounds (metformin, N,N- dimethyltetradecylamine, oxazepam, and venlafaxine) were identified as likely to pose a risk to aquatic eco- systems in Swedish surface waters (RQf>1), and five compounds (clindamycin, gemfibrozil, sertraline, o-des- methylvenlafaxine, and diclofenac) were identified as posing a moderate risk to aquatic ecosystems ( 0.1 f<1). WWTP effluent appeared to pose an environmental risk for all recipient sites, but the impact of calculated RQ was site-specific. These results can be used by authorities to prioritise OMPs and contaminated hotspots, in order to decrease negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems.Synopsis: A novel optimised risk assessment approach for identification of high-concern organic micropollutants in aquatic environments.
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| 7. |
- Figuière, Romain, et al.
(författare)
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Risk to aquatic organisms posed by organic micropollutants
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den aktuella studien använde uppmätta koncentrationer av 126 organiska miljöföroreningar i svenska ytvatten från en föregående provtagning genomförd i juni 2018 för att utvärdera risken dessa ämnen utgjorde i akvatiska ekosystem. Avsikten för arbetet var att bestämma vilka kemikalier som var mest oroväckande i den svenska akvatiska miljön, med fokus på miljöer som påverkats av utsläpp från avloppsreningsverk.Av de 126 studerade substanserna har fyra substanser identifierats kunna utgöra en sannolik hög risk för sötvattenekosystem i Sverige (RQf>1) och det är metformin, dimetyl(tetradecyl)amin, oxazepam och venlafaxin. Fortsatta studier av dessa ämnen krävs för att bekräfta denna slutsats. Ytterligare fem substanser (klindamycin, gemfibrozil, sertralin, o-desmetylvenlafaxin, en metabolit till venlafaxin och diclofenak) identifierades utgöra en måttlig risk för svenska sötvattenekosystem (0,1
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| 8. |
- Golovko, Oksana, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the cumulative pressure of micropollutants in Swedish wastewater effluents and recipient water systems using integrated toxicological and chemical methods
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent decades, a substantial amount of work has been conducted to determine the occurrence, fate, and effects of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in aquatic environments. Incomplete removal of OMPs by conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been observed, and OMPs have been detected in surface water worldwide. In this study, WWTP influent, effluent, and sludge, and upstream and downstream waters in WWTP recipients, were analyzed for a total of 225 OMPs, including pharmaceuticals, hormones, personal care products, industrial chemicals, PFASs, and pesticides. The OMPs were selected based on annual usage in a wide range of household products and concerns about possible effects on humans and aquatic organisms. In addition, 11 different types of toxicity bioassays and fish embryo toxicity tests were applied to WWTP influent and effluent, and upstream and downstream waters in WWTP recipients.A total of 158 contaminants were detected in at least one sample, in mean concentrations ranging from ng/L to mg/L in wastewater samples and from ng/L to μg/L in surface water samples. Two industrial chemicals (tetraethyleneglycol, laureth-5 and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid), 15 pharmaceuticals (salicylic acid, diclofenac, losartan, valsartan, venlafaxine, oxazepam, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, tramadol, hydrochlorothiazide, theophyline, furosemide, ranitidine, bicalutamide, and metformin), and the stimulants caffeine and nicotine were responsible for 70% of the combined concentration of pollutants in WWTP influent and effluent, and in surface water. Of the 225 target OMPs, 104 were detected in sludge samples. Analysis of sludge revealed large variations in concentrations between individual WWTPs, which can be explained by differences in OMP composition in influent water and in operating conditions at WWTPs.In vitro toxicity testing showed relatively high activities for the studied endpoints in influent waters. The removal efficiency in WWTPs varied between endpoint and plant. For estrogenic and androgenic activities, the removal efficiency was consistently high (97-99%). For AhR activity and oxidative stress, the removal efficiency ranged from 60 to 99% in different WWTPs.The results revealed that the high concentrations of OMPs in WWTPs and sludge are introduced to aquatic environments. However, there is limited information about the removal mechanisms of OMPs in WWTPs. Advanced technologies, namely membrane filtration, carbon adsorption, and AOPs (advanced oxidative processes), are now being widely adopted for OMPs removal, but the performance and cost of different unit processes vary by case. Therefore, the influence of treatment performance and process stability in WWTPs on reducing the effects and concentrations of OMPs should be evaluated. The results could provide a theoretical basis for optimization of existing treatment systems of different designs, and could contribute significantly to protecting recipient waters.
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| 9. |
- Golovko, Oksana
(författare)
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Comprehensive profiling and semi-quantification of exogenous chemicals in human urine using HRMS-based strategies
- 2023
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 415, s. 7297–7313-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemicals infiltrate our daily experiences through multiple exposure pathways. Human biomonitoring (HBM) is routinely used to comprehensively understand these chemical interactions. Historically, HBM depended on targeted screening methods limited to a relatively small set of chemicals with triple quadrupole instruments typically. However, recent advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) have facilitated the use of broad-scope target, suspect, and non-target strategies, enhancing chemical exposome characterization within acceptable detection limits. Despite these advancements, establishing robust and efficient sample treatment protocols is still essential for trustworthy broad-range chemical analysis. This study sought to validate a methodology leveraging HRMS-based strategies for accurate profiling of exogenous chemicals and related metabolites in urine samples. We evaluated five extraction protocols, each encompassing various chemical classes, such as pharmaceuticals, plastic additives, personal care products, and pesticides, in terms of their extraction recoveries, linearity, matrix effect, sensitivity, and reproducibility. The most effective protocol was extensively validated and subsequently applied to 10 real human urine samples using wide-scope target analysis encompassing over 2000 chemicals. We successfully identified and semi-quantified a total of 36 chemicals using an ionization efficiency-based model, affirming the methodology's robust performance. Notably, our results dismissed the need for a deconjugation step, a typically labor-intensive and time-consuming process.
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| 10. |
- Golovko, Oksana
(författare)
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Insights into environmental caffeine contamination in ecotoxicological biomarkers and potential health effects of Danio rerio
- 2023
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - 2405-8440. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Caffeine (CAF) exposures have been shown to cause several pharmacological and biological effects in target and non-target organisms. Although there are already several ecotoxicological studies with CAF in non-target organisms, they are focused on marine organisms, with relevant concentrations in these ecosystems, therefore, less ecologically relevant to freshwater ecosystems (the main ecoreceptor of this type of anthropogenic contaminant). The present study aimed to assess the chronic effects (28 days) of sub-lethal and environmentally relevant concentrations of CAF (0.16, 0.42, 1.09, 2.84, 7.40, 19.23, and 50 mu g/L) in Danio rerio. Biochemical endpoints as biomarkers of antioxidant defense, biotransformation, lipid peroxidation, energy sources, and neurotransmission were assessed. CAF exposure induced alterations in antioxidant defenses (su-peroxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities, and glutathione content) preventing lipid peroxidation. Lactate dehydrogenase activity decreased in all the concentrations tested, while acetylcholinesterase activity was only affected by the highest concentrations tested (19.23 and 50 mu g/L). We also utilized a multi-biomarker approach (Integrated Biomarker Response version 2, IBRv2) to investigate the effects of CAF in the dispersion scope of individual biochemical responses of D. rerio. IBRv2 showed that the concentration of 50 mu g/L promotes the highest stress. However, the results showed that CAF induced disturbances in the metabolic pathways studied in D. rerio. These results demonstrated the toxic effects of CAF on freshwater fish, compromising their physiological functions and evidencing the need for monitoring the residues of CAF released into the inland aquatic environments. Furthermore, this research evidence that phylogenetically and physiologically different species may present different biological responses with concern for ecologically relevant environmental conditions. In this sense, the present study generated ecotoxicologically relevant data, that can be considered by environment regulators, since the here-endpoints evaluated showed sensitivity and consistency in the evaluation of caffeine risks in freshwater environments.
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