| 1. |
- Kukkonen, J., et al.
(author)
-
Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of the Environmental and Health Impacts of Shipping Emissions
- 2022
-
In: Springer Proceedings in Complexity. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2213-8684 .- 2213-8692. ; , s. 329-336
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a new concept for marine research, applied in the EU-funded project EMERGE, “Evaluation, control and Mitigation of the EnviRonmental impacts of shippinG Emissions” (2020–2024; https://emerge-h2020.eu/ ). For the first time, both the various marine and atmospheric impacts of the shipping sector have been and will be comprehensively analyzed, using a concerted modelling and measurements framework. The experimental part of the project focuses on five European geographical case studies in different ecologically vulnerable regions, and a mobile onboard case study. The EMERGE consortium has also developed a harmonised and integrated modelling framework to assess the combined impacts of shipping emissions, both (i) on the marine ecosystems and (ii) the atmospheric environment. The first results include substantial refinements of a range of models to be applied, especially those for the STEAM and OpenDrift models. In particular, the STEAM (Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model) model has been extended to allow for the effects of atmospheric and oceanographic factors on the fuel consumption and emissions of the ships. The OpenDrift model has been improved to take into account the partitioning, degradation, and volatilization of pollutants in water. The predicted emission and discharge values have been used as input for both regional scale atmospheric dispersion models, such as WRF-CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting—Community Multiscale Air Quality Model) and SILAM (System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric composition), and water quality and circulation models, such as OpenDrift (Open source model for the drifting of substances in the ocean) and Delft3D (oceanographic model). The case study regions are Eastern Mediterranean, Northern Adriatic Sea, the Lagoon of Aveiro, the Solent Strait and the Öresund Strait. We have also conducted a substantial part of the experimental campaigns scheduled in the project. The final assessment will include the benefits and costs of control and mitigation options affecting water quality, air pollution exposure, health impacts, climate forcing, and ecotoxicological effects and bioaccumulation of pollutants in marine biota.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Van Praagh, M., et al.
(author)
-
Recycling of MSWI-bottom ash in paved constructions in Sweden – A risk assessment
- 2018
-
In: Waste Management: international journal of integrated waste management, science and technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X. ; 79, s. 428-434
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents results from a risk assessment of recycling pre-treated bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration as a subbase layer in certain asphalt paved constructions in Sweden. Based on a model for assessing environmental and health risks at contaminated areas, previously developed by the Swedish EPA and by the Swedish Geotechnical Institute, target values for total content and porewater concentrations were calculated. Three different construction sizes and geometries were considered; a 1 km long road of 10 and 20 m width, respectively, and an application of 100 × 300 m. Additionally, different technical solutions of the use of bottom as in road embankments were considered. Compared to risk assessments conducted in other countries, target values are generally higher, but in the same order of magnitude. Total lead concentrations in dust potentially emitted during construction and demolition of the bottom ash is identified as a critical factor. It requires particular attention when planning for or carrying out groundwork constructions with pre-treated bottom ash. As exposure to dust and bioavailaibility of lead in bottom ash are likely to be overestimated by the underlying risk model, higher target values for lead in bottom ash should be possible for the envisaged construction purposes without affecting the general risk level. As no data is available on actual dust production and deposition by constructing and demolishing subbase layers of pre-treated bottom ash, this should be a part of future studies in order to narrow down lead target values.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
