| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Granlund, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
The Effect of a GPS on Learning with regards to Performance and Communication in Municipal Crisis Response
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Applications and Services, Part IV. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642216565 - 9783642216572 ; , s. 215-224
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the basic learning aspects of crises management training in a computer simulated environment. A total of 108 professionals, 18 teams, contributed to the study where the impact of a GPS on C2 work was investigated. A comparison between professional groups on performance and learning show that the GPS has an impact that differed depending on the teams professional composition.
|
|
| 3. |
- Granlund, Rego, et al.
(författare)
-
Differences between Students and Professionals while using a GPS Based GIS in an Emergency Response Study
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642217401 - 9783642217418 ; , s. 374-383
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the results and differences between students and professionals who used a GPS based GIS as a collaborative tool in an experimental emergency response study. A total of 132 students, forming 22 groups and 108 professionals forming 18 groups were tested. Differences in both performance and behaviors between the groups have been identified. In the discussion we reflect on the importance to be aware of the participants’ background and behaviors while selecting the participants in an experimental study.
|
|
| 4. |
- Granlund, Rego, et al.
(författare)
-
The Effect of a Geographical Information System on Communication in Professional Emergency Response Organizations
- 2010
-
Ingår i: ISCRAM<em> </em>2010, 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. - : ISCRAM.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the basic communication analysis performed in a research project with an ambition to investigate the impact of geographical information system (GIS) on crisis management organizations. The goal is to compare the communication between command and control teams that have access to a GIS with geographical position information (GPS) capability in its command post with teams that only have access to paper maps. The method used is controlled experiments using the C3Fire micro-world. A total of 108 professionals, forming 18 teams, participated in the study. The participating professionals were members of Swedish municipal crisis management organizations. The result shows that the communication pattern connected to giving orders have a different distribution depending on if the teams used GIS or paper maps. The result also shows that the communication volume is reduced if the teams use GIS.
|
|
| 5. |
- Trnka, Jiri, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Using Low-Fidelity Simulations to Support Design of Decision-Support Systems for Command and Control Applications
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Distributed Multimedia Systems,2008. - Skokie, IL, USA : Knowledge Systems Institute. ; , s. 158-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern decision-support systems for command and control may lead to radical organizational and technological changes. This paper describes a methodology to support designers and developers of such system in order to identify this type of changes in the design process. The methodology is based on a shorter series of low-fidelity simulations. The analyses do not focus on individual actions of the decision-support system operators, but instead on impacts of the systems on situated and joint actions of the command and control teams in terms of communication and coordination. The simulation series presented in the paper shows how the use of a decision-support system combining real-time data from various sensors led to changes in the content and structure of the communication as well as the resource coordination. Findings from the discussed simulations suggest that more attention should be given to possible impacts of decision-support systems on the joint actions of the command and control teams, as well as how these teams- actions are situated within the larger command and control system.
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson Granberg, Tobias, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamisk planering av räddningstjänst
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dynamisk planering innebär bland annat att brandmännen delar in sig i mindre grupper än traditionellt. Dessa kan då arbeta förebyggande med utbildning eller placeras strategiskt till exempel i närheten av olycksdrabbade vägsträckor, för att snabbare kunna nå fram till en olycksplats. Då en olycka inträffar larmas de brandmän som snabbast kan nå fram, och det kan vara nödvändigt att larma flera olika grupper.En utmaning vid dynamisk planering är att planeringssituationen blir svårare. Det är inte längre självklart vilka brandmän som ska larmas till en viss olycka. Det kan också vara svårt att hitta de bästa placeringarna för brandmän som snabbt ska kunna göra en insats.I projektet har vi utvecklat och utvärderat datorbaserade verktyg som kan stödja dynamisk planering av räddningstjänst.Bland verktygen finns en beredskapskalkylator med tillhörande visualisering, vilken beräknar beredskapen som en funktion av tiden det tar för de nödvändiga resurserna att nå fram till en viss typ av olycka och sannolikheten för att olyckan ska inträffa i närområdet. Ett annat verktyg kan ge förslag på vilka resurser som bör skickas till en olycksplats för att de ska komma fram så fort som möjligt. Ett tredje verktyg kan ge förslag på hur fordon och personal dynamiskt bör placeras för att beredskapen ska förbättras, dvs. de ska kunna nå fram så fort som möjligt till de platser där det är störst sannolikhet att en olycka kommer att inträffa.Verktygen har utvärderats genom två experimentserier. I experimenten testades mänskligt beslutsfattande i en simulerad räddningstjänstmiljö. I den första serien fick personal från olika räddningstjänster prova på dynamisk planering utan hjälp av de datorbaserade verktygen. I den andra serien fick andra räddningstjänster köra samma scenarier, men då ta hjälp av de i projektet utvecklade verktygen.Resultaten visar att verktygen kan hjälpa räddningstjänsten med planeringen av beredskapen, men också att det finns risk att detta sker på bekostnad av att planeringen tar något längre tid. En tydlig majoritet av de deltagande räddningstjänstbefälen var positivt inställda till de utvecklade verktygen och tyckte verktyg av detta slag skulle kunna hjälpa dem i det dagliga arbetet.Resultaten tydliggör också att olika personer – till och med nära kollegor inom samma räddningstjänst – uppfattar begreppet beredskap på olika sätt. Det visade sig dock att beredskapsvisualiseringen kan bidra till att denna skillnad i uppfattning minskar; i den andra experimentserien, där de hade tillgång till detta verktyg, minskade variationerna i bedömningarna och deltagarnas uppfattningar stämde bättre överens med den beräknade beredskapen.
|
|
| 7. |
- Andersson Granberg, Tobias, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Supporting dispatch decisions for the fire and rescue services
- 2015
-
Ingår i: 2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467365956 ; , s. 2562-2567
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decision support tools for efficient dispatching of fire and rescue resources are developed and evaluated. The tools can give suggestions about which resources to dispatch to new accidents, and help the decision makers in evaluating the current preparedness for handling future accidents. The tools are evaluated using simulation game based experiments, with players from the fire and rescue services. The results indicate that the tools can help the fire and rescue services in identifying the closest resources to new accidents, and to select resources that preserve the preparedness in the area. However, the results also indicate that there is a risk that the tools increase the decision time.
|
|
| 8. |
- Artman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Team Situation Awareness Using Graphical or Textual Databases in Dynamic Decision Making.
- 1998
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this experiment we explore the effects of using a graphical and textual database for sharing information within a team that are to control a dynamic system. The task involves fighting a simulated fire. Four people are to co-operate in a layered organisation, with one layer being the operative and the second layer the supervisory. The operative layer involves two fire chiefs who are commanding two fire units each. The supervisory unit consists of two persons that are to co-ordinate the fire chiefs. The supervisory unit receives all information from the fire chiefs but has to construct an overall picture, a socalled situation awareness, of the development of the whole area. The supervisory unit constructs this situation awareness which is meant to be supported by the graphical and textual databases respectively. We hypothesised that the graphical condition would be more successful than the textual database in registering the current situation, since the graphical database allows direct mapping. On the other hand, we hypothesised that the textual condition might be better in supporting the future planning and prediction of system dynamics. We analyse 18 quartets, 72 subjects by both performance measures and a questionnaire. There were no significant performance differences between conditions, but there is a major learning effect, especially for the textual condition. In accordance with our hypothesis we found that participants in the graphical condition did better mapping the map with the ”real” world, at least in the first session. More successful groups worked more ahead of the fire than did less successful groups. From the questionnaire it seems that the subjects learn more about co-ordination and trusting their fellow team members than about the internal dynamics of the simulated fire. In fact, the teams learn things about system dynamics that are wrong. We therefore suggest that team SA might be more of a co-ordination problem than a problem of acquiring knowledge about system dynamics.
|
|
| 9. |
- Artman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Team situation awareness using graphical or textual databases in dynamic decision making
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this experiment we explore the effects of using a graphical and textual database for sharing information within a team that are to control a dynamic system. The task involves fighting a simulated fire. Four people are to cooperate in a layered organisation, with one layer being the operative and the second layer the supervisory. The operative layer involves two fire chiefswho are commanding two fire units each. The supervisory unit consists of two persons that are to co-ordinate the fire chiefs. The supervisory unit receives all information from the fire chiefs but has to construct an overall picture, a so-called situation awareness, of the development of the whole area. The supervisory unit constructs this situation awareness which is meant to be supported by the graphical and textual databases respectively. We hypothesised that the graphical condition would be more successful than the textual database in registering the current situation, since the graphical database allows direct mapping. On the other hand, we hypothesised that the textual condition might be better in supporting the future planning and prediction of system dynamics. We analyse 18 quartets, 72 subjects by both performance measures and a questionnaire. There were no significant performance differences between conditions, but there is a major learning effect, especially for the textual condition. In accordance with our hypothesis we found that participants in the graphical condition did better mapping the map with the "real" world, at least in the first session. More successful groups worked more ahead of the fire than did less successful groups. From the questionnaire it seems that the subjects learn more about co-ordination and trusting their fellow team members than about the internal dynamics of the simulated fire. In fact, the teams learn things about system dynamics that are wrong. We therefore suggest that team SA might be more of a co-ordination problem than a problem of acquiring knowledge about system dynamics.
|
|
| 10. |
- Baroutsi, Nicoletta, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing development of team training
- 2014
-
Ingår i: ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings. Book of Papers. - : The Pennsylvania State University, USA. - 9780692211946
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
|
|
