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- An, Yueqing, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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Host Phylogeny Structures the Gut Bacterial Community Within Galerucella Leaf Beetles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Microbial Ecology. - 0095-3628 .- 1432-184X. ; 86:4, s. 2477-2487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gut microbes play important roles for their hosts. Previous studies suggest that host-microbial systems can form long-term associations over evolutionary time and the dynamic changes of the intestinal system may represent major driving forces and contribute to insect dietary diversification and speciation. Our study system includes a set of six closely related leaf beetle species (Galerucella spp.) and our study aims to separate the roles of host phylogeny and ecology in determining the gut microbial community and to identify eventual relationship between host insects and gut bacteria. We collected adult beetles from their respective host plants and quantified their microbial community using 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that the gut bacteria community composition was structured by host beetle phylogeny, where more or less host-specific gut bacteria interact with the different Galerucella species. For example, the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia was found almost exclusively in G. nymphaea and G. sagittariae. Diversity indicators also suggested that α- and β-diversities of gut bacteria communities varied among host beetle species. Overall, our results suggest a phylogenetically controlled co-occurrence pattern between the six closely related Galerucella beetles and their gut bacteria, indicating the potential of co-evolutionary processes occurring between hosts and their gut bacterial communities.
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| 4. |
- Grudzinska-Sterno, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Fungal communities in organically grown winter wheat affected by plant organ and development stage
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Plant Pathology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0929-1873 .- 1573-8469. ; 146, s. 401-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fungal community on the roots, stem bases, stems and grains of organically grown winter wheat was analysed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) combined with cloning and sequencing of the ITS region. The changes in the composition of fungi in different plant parts and over time as well as interactions between fungi were also investigated. Among 58 fungal taxa found the most common were Davidiella macrospora, Cladosporium spp., Tetracladium maxilliforme, Didymella exitialis, Microdochium nivale and an unidentified species within Ascomycetes. Several potential wheat pathogens were found: Fusarium spp. including F. poae and G. avenacea (F. avenaceum), Microdochium nivale, Oculimacula yallundae, Parastagonospora nodorum and Zymoseptoria tritici and most of them were present on all plant parts. Plant part affected the most the fungal colonization of wheat as was shown both by multivariate analysis of the whole fungal community as well as the analysis based on the identified species. The composition of fungal communities in different parts changed during the growing season but no pattern common for the whole crop could be observed. The most dynamic and significant changes were found among yeasts. Both positive and negative significant interactions between pairwise combinations of pathogens were observed. Positive significant associations were also found between pathogens and other fungi.
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| 8. |
- Hambäck, Peter A., et al.
(författare)
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More intraguild prey than pest species in arachnid diets may compromise biological control in apple orchards
- 2021
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Ingår i: Basic and Applied Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1439-1791 .- 1618-0089. ; 57, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the full diet of natural enemies is necessary for evaluating their role as biocontrol agents, because many enemy species do not only feed on pests but also on other natural enemies. Such intraguild predation can compromise pest control if the consumed enemies are actually better for pest control than their predators. In this study, we used gut metabarcoding to quantify diets of all common arachnid species in Swedish and Spanish apple orchards. For this purpose, we designed new primers that reduce amplification of arachnid predators while retaining high amplification of all prey groups. Results suggest that most arachnids consume a large range of putative pest species on apple but also a high proportion of other natural enemies, where the latter constitute almost a third of all prey sequences. Intraguild predation also varied between regions, with a larger content of heteropteran bugs in arachnid guts from Spanish orchards, but not between orchard types. There was also a tendency for cursorial spiders to have more intraguild prey in the gut than web spiders. Two groups that may be overlooked as important biocontrol agents in apple orchards seem to be theridiid web spiders and opilionids, where the latter had several small-bodied pest species in the gut. These results thus provide important guidance for what arachnid groups should be targets of management actions, even though additional information is needed to quantify all direct and indirect interactions occurring in the complex arthropod food webs in fruit orchards.
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| 9. |
- Hambäck, Peter A., et al.
(författare)
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Species composition of shoreline wolf spider communities vary with salinity, but their diets vary with wrack inflow
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 12:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wolf spiders are typically the most common group of arthropod predators on both lake and marine shorelines because of the high prey availability in these habitats. However, shores are also harsh environments due to flooding and, in proximity to marine waters, to toxic salinity levels. Here, we describe the spider community, prey availabilities, and spider diets between shoreline sites with different salinities, albeit with comparatively small differences (5‰ vs. 7‰). Despite the small environmental differences, spider communities between lower and higher saline sites showed an almost complete species turnover. At the same time, differences in prey availability or spider gut contents did not match changes in spider species composition but rather changed with habitat characteristics within a region, where spiders collected at sites with thick wrack beds had a different diet than sites with little wrack. These data suggest that shifts in spider communities are due to habitat characteristics other than prey availabilities, and the most likely candidate restricting species in high salinity would be saline sensitivity. At the same time, species absence from low-saline habitats remains unresolved.
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| 10. |
- Hiltunen, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Maintenance of High Genome Integrity over Vegetative Growth in the Fairy-Ring Mushroom Marasmius oreades
- 2019
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : CELL PRESS. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 29:16, s. 2758-2765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most mutations in coding regions of the genome are deleterious, causing selection to favor mechanisms that minimize the mutational load over time [1-5]. DNA replication during cell division is a major source of new mutations. It is therefore important to limit the number of cell divisions between generations, particularly for large and long-lived organisms [6-9]. The germline cells of animals and the slowly dividing cells in plant meristems are adaptations to control the number of mutations that accumulate over generations [9-11]. Fungi lack a separated germline while harboring species with very large and long-lived individuals that appear to maintain highly stable genomes within their mycelia [8, 12, 13]. Here, we studied genomic mutation accumulation in the fairy-ring mushroom Marasmius oreades. We generated a chromosome-level genome assembly using a combination of cutting-edge DNA sequencing technologies and resequenced 40 samples originating from six individuals of this fungus. The low number of mutations recovered in the sequencing data suggests the presence of an unknown mechanism that works to maintain extraordinary genome integrity over vegetative growth in M. oreades. The highly structured growth pattern of M. oreades allowed us to estimate the number of cell divisions leading up to each sample [14, 15], and from this data, we infer an incredibly low per mitosis mutation rate (3.8 x 10(-12) mutations per site and cell division) as one of several possible explanations for the low number of identified mutations.
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