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- B. Almquist, Ylva, et al.
(author)
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Intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse : mediation and interaction by school performance in a Swedish birth cohort
- 2020
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In: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 74:7, s. 598-604
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Children whose parents misuse alcohol have increased risks of own alcohol misuse in adulthood. Though most attain lower school marks, some still perform well in school, which could be an indicator of resilience with protective potential against negative health outcomes. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to examine the processes of mediation and interaction by school performance regarding the intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse.Methods Data were drawn from a prospective Swedish cohort study of children born in 1953 (n=14 608). Associations between parental alcohol misuse (ages 0–19) and participants' own alcohol misuse in adulthood (ages 20–63) were examined by means of Cox regression analysis. Four-way decomposition was used to explore mediation and interaction by school performance in grade 6 (age 13), grade 9 (age 16) and grade 12 (age 19).Results Mediation and/or interaction by school performance accounted for a substantial proportion of the association between parental alcohol misuse and own alcohol misuse in adulthood (58% for performance in grade 6, 27% for grade 9 and 30% for grade 12). Moreover, interaction effects appeared to be more important for the outcome than mediation.Conclusion Above-average school performance among children whose parents misused alcohol seems to reflect processes of resilience with the potential to break the intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse. Four-way decomposition offers a viable approach to disentangle processes of interaction from mediation, representing a promising avenue for future longitudinal research.
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| 2. |
- Berg, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Health risk behaviours among migrants by duration of residence : protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2020
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In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 10:10
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction International migrants’ health has often been found to deteriorate in new countries, partly due to changes in health risk behaviours such as alcohol consumption, tobacco use, physical inactivity, and poor dietary habits. However, limited efforts have been made to comprehensively evaluate the extent to which migrants adopt unhealthy risk behaviours with longer duration of residence. This systematic review and meta-analysis will summarise evidence on international migrants’ behavioural patterns by duration of residence in multiple country contexts.Methods and analysis PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and ProQuest databases will be searched for quantitative or mixed-method observational studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2019. Studies comparing foreign-born individuals by duration of residence will be included. Information on study characteristics, descriptive statistics and measures of effect will be extracted. All included studies will be quality assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The review will include narrative synthesis and, if sufficient and comparable data are available, random effects meta-analyses. The review will be conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required since previously published information from peer-reviewed studies will be assessed. The results of this review will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences. Other forms of dissemination will include communication to broader audiences using well-established channels, including through university-based press releases. Progress will be regularly updated on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews to ensure full transparency.
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| 5. |
- Bloomfield, Kim, et al.
(author)
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Changes in Alcohol-Related Problems After Alcohol Policy Changes in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden
- 2010
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In: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - New Jersey : Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. - 1937-1888. ; 71:1, s. 32-40
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: European Union travelers' allowances for alcohol import to Denmark, Sweden, and Finland were abolished in 2004. In addition, excise taxes on alcohol were lowered in 2003 and 2005 in Denmark, and in 2004 in Finland. Using northern Sweden as a control site, this study examines whether levels of reported alcohol problems have changed in Denmark, Finland, and southern Sweden as a consequence of these policy changes. Method: Annual cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden from 2003 to 2006. Five dependency items and seven extrinsic alcohol-related problems were examined. Changes were analyzed within each country/region with logistic regressions and tested for short- and long-term changes. Differential change was also tested between each country and the control site, northern Sweden. Results: Prevalence of alcohol problems decreased over the study period. Only in selected subgroups did problems increase. This mainly occurred in the samples for northern Sweden and Finland, and mostly among older age groups and men. In relation to the control site, however, no increases in problem prevalence were found. Conclusions: Our findings on a decline in reported alcohol problems largely agree with published reports on alcohol consumption over the same period in the study countries. They do not agree, however, with findings on changes in health and social statistics in Finland and Denmark, where some significant increases in alcohol-related harm have been found.
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| 7. |
- Grittner, Ulrike, et al.
(author)
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Changes in Alcohol Consumption in Denmark after the Tax Reduction on Spirits
- 2009
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In: European Addiction Research. - Basel : Karger AG. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 15:4, s. 216-223
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: This paper examines changes in alcohol consumption in Denmark between 2003 and 2006 after the excise tax on spirits in Denmark was lowered by 45% on October 1, 2003 and travelers' allowances for the import of alcohol were increased on January 1, 2004. Methods: Cross-sectional and panel data from Denmark from 2003 to 2006 were analyzed. Samples were collected by telephone interviews using random digit dialing. Results: Panel data for Denmark revealed that alcohol consumption remained relatively stable. Similar results were found in the Danish cross-sectional data. It appears that 'substitution' rather than increased importation occurred. Conclusion: We found no evidence to support earlier research stating that decreased prices and increased availability is related to higher alcohol consumption. This could be partly because (1) Denmark has reached a 'saturation' level of consumption over the past 30 years and (2) the survey mode of data collection did not capture specific subpopulations who might have increased their consumption. It may be necessary to examine other indicators of alcohol use or alcohol-related harm in order to fully assess the consequences of such changes in alcohol availability.
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| 9. |
- Grittner, Ulrike, et al.
(author)
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Who are the private alcohol importers in the Nordic countries?
- 2014
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In: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - Helsingfors : Stakes, Forsknings- och utvecklingscentralen för social- och hälsovården i samarbete med Nordiska nämnden för alkohol- och drogforskning (NAD). - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 31:2, s. 125-139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims – The high price of alcohol in the Nordic countries has been a long-standing policy to curb consumption, which has led consumers to importing alcohol from countries with lower prices. This paper seeks to develop a profile of alcohol importers in four Nordic countries. Methods – Cross-sectional data from general population surveys in Denmark (2003–2006), Norway (2004), Sweden (2003–2006) and Finland (2005–2006) were analysed by multiple logistic and linear regression. Independent variables included region, socio-demographics, drinking indicators and alcohol-related problems. Outcome variables were importer status and amount of imported alcohol. Results – People living in regions close to countries with lower alcohol prices were more often importers and imported higher amounts than people living in other regions. Higher educated persons were more likely to be importers, but the amounts imported were smaller than those by people with lower education. Persons with higher incomes were also more likely to be importers and they also imported larger amounts than people with lower incomes. In Sweden and Denmark regional differences of importer rates were more pronounced for persons of lower incomes. Age, risky single-occasion drinking, risky drinking and alcohol problems were positively related to the amounts of imported alcohol. Conclusions – Private importers in the Nordic countries are an integrated yet heavy drinking segment of society and do not appear to be located on the fringes of society.
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Nina-Katri, 1976-
(author)
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Alcohol consumption in southern Sweden after major decreases in Danish spirits tax and increases in Swedish traveller's quotas
- 2010
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In: European Addiction Research. - Basel : S. Karger AG. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 16:4, s. 152-161
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. In 2003, Denmark lowered its tax on spirits, and in 2004, Sweden increased its traveller import quotas. Aim. The aim was to determine whether these two changes increased self-reported alcohol consumption in southern Sweden, which is located near to Denmark. Method. Data were collected through telephone interviews with the general population between 2003 and 2006. People aged 16-80 years were interviewed. Some lived in southern Sweden, others in the northern region, which was assumed to be unaffected by the policy changes and thus used as a control site. Analyses were performed for the total population as well as by sex, age, socio-economic group and by consumption pattern. Results. The expected results were not found; alcohol consumption in southern Sweden had not changed. The few statistically significant changes found in southern Sweden indicated decreases. In the north, however, consumption seemed to have increased. Conclusion. In addition to the two policy changes mentioned above, other changes seem to have affected alcohol consumption in Sweden. It is possible, however, that the policy changes have affected population groups not reached by surveys, and thus other types of data need to be analysed before drawing any far-reaching conclusions.
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