| 1. |
- Fonseca Rodriguez, Osvaldo, PhD, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of extreme hot and cold weather on cause-specific hospitalizations in Sweden : A time series analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Considering that several meteorological variables can contribute to weather vulnerability, the estimation of their synergetic effects on health is particularly useful. The spatial synoptic classification (SSC) has been used in biometeorological applications to estimate the effect of the entire suite of weather conditions on human morbidity and mortality. In this study, we assessed the relationships between extremely hot and dry (dry tropical plus, DT+) and hot and moist (moist tropical plus, MT+) weather types in summer and extremely cold and dry (dry polar plus, DP+) and cold and moist (moist polar, MP+) weather types in winter and cardiovascular and respiratory hospitalizations by age and sex. Time-series quasi-Poisson regression with distributed lags was used to assess the relationship between oppressive weather types and daily hospitalizations over 14 subsequent days in the extended summer (May to August) and 28 subsequent days during the extended winter (November to March) over 24 years in 4 Swedish locations from 1991 to 2014. In summer, exposure to hot weather types appeared to reduce cardiovascular hospitalizations while increased the risk of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases, mainly related to MT+. In winter, the effect of cold weather on both cause-specific hospitalizations was small; however, MP+ was related to a delayed increase in cardiovascular hospitalizations, whilst MP+ and DP + increased the risk of hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases. This study provides useful information for the staff of hospitals and elderly care centers who can help to implement protective measures for patients and residents. Also, our results could be helpful for vulnerable people who can adopt protective measures to reduce health risks.
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| 2. |
- Fonseca Rodriguez, Osvaldo, PhD, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Hot and cold weather based on the spatial synoptic classification and cause-specific mortality in Sweden : a time-stratified case-crossover study
- 2020
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Ingår i: International journal of biometeorology. - : Springer. - 0020-7128 .- 1432-1254. ; 64:9, s. 1435-1449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spatial synoptic classification (SSC) is a holistic categorical assessment of the daily weather conditions at specific locations; it is a useful tool for assessing weather effects on health. In this study, we assessed (a) the effect of hot weather types and the duration of heat events on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in summer and (b) the effect of cold weather types and the duration of cold events on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in winter. A time-stratified case-crossover design combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model was carried out to investigate the association of weather types with cause-specific mortality in two southern (Skåne and Stockholm) and two northern (Jämtland and Västerbotten) locations in Sweden. During summer, in the southern locations, the Moist Tropical (MT) and Dry Tropical (DT) weather types increased cardiovascular and respiratory mortality at shorter lags; both hot weather types substantially increased respiratory mortality mainly in Skåne. The impact of heat events on mortality by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases was more important in the southern than in the northern locations at lag 0. The cumulative effect of MT, DT and heat events lagged over 14 days was particularly high for respiratory mortality in all locations except in Jämtland, though these did not show a clear effect on cardiovascular mortality. During winter, the dry polar and moist polar weather types and cold events showed a negligible effect on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. This study provides valuable information about the relationship between hot oppressive weather types with cause-specific mortality; however, the cold weather types may not capture sufficiently effects on cause-specific mortality in this sub-Arctic region.
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| 3. |
- Häggström, Nils, 1934-, et al.
(författare)
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Sjösänkningar i Västerbotten 1830–1870
- 2022
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Ingår i: Västerbotten förr & nu. - Umeå : Föreningen Västerbotten förr & nu. - 2003-6698.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den natur- och kulturmiljö som vi lever i är under ständig förändring. I dag är debatten livlig om hur vi genom vårt agerande har påverkat vårt klimat och vår livsmiljö. Det gäller exempelvis hur vi utnyttjar våra naturresurser: skogen, jordbruksmarken, vattenkraften, vindkraften och infrastrukturen generellt. Det gäller inte minst utnyttjandet av våra sjöar och vattendrag som påverkats mycket av mänsklig aktivitet.Sjöarnas, älvarnas och bäckarnas närområden med sina naturliga ängsmarker har bidragit till att skapa förutsättningar för boskapsskötsel, som varit en viktig näring i Västerbotten under lång tid. Med tiden blev de naturliga ängsmarkerna utarmade på näringsämnen vilket resulterade i att avkastningen minskade. Det var därför viktigt att finna metoder för att öka avkastningen på de naturliga ängsmarkerna och naturligtvis också skapa nya ängs- och åkermarker. En av de metoder som kom till användning var att sänka eller helt dränera sjöar. Sjöns utlopp försågs med en dammbyggnad som gjorde det möjligt att reglera vattennivån i sjön. Sjösänkningarna/regleringarna hade till syfte att skapa förutsättningar för en utvidgning av åker- och ängsmarken och förbättra skörden på existerande ängsmark.Här studeras hur sjösänkningar 1830 till 1870 format landskapet i Västerbotten.
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| 4. |
- Namatovu, Fredinah, PhD, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between disability and parental status : a register study of the 1968 to 1970 birth cohorts
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Having children is a major life course event yet some disabilities could make it biologically challenging and some others could limit access to necessary socioeconomic resources. To date, there is relatively little data on disability and parental status and our study aimed to investigate this relationship.Methods: This longitudinal cohort study was based on register data obtained from all people born in Sweden from 1968 to 1970 (n = 440220). We performed descriptive analyses, graphical plots, logistic regression, and Cox regression analyses.Results: Our findings from both logistic regression and Cox regression indicated that individuals that started to receive disability benefits at an early age had reduced chances of having children during the follow-up duration. Men with disabilities were less likely to have children when compared to women with disabilities and to men and women without disabilities.Conclusions: We found evidence that disability during early adulthood was associated with reduced chances of having children. Findings support policies and programmes aimed at promoting optimal health during early adulthood, as this would promote continued labour force participation, reduce early use of disability benefits, and possibly improve chances of becoming a parent.
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| 5. |
- Vikström, Lotta, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal study of how disability affects mortality in Swedish Populations from the 1800s, 1900s and 2000s
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Studies from across the world show that disability limits people’s health and social wellbeing in present-day populations. This disadvantage can lead to premature death, but there is dearth knowledge about the relationship between disability and mortality and changes over time. OBJECTIVES: Unique access to longitudinal micro data on comprehensive Swedish populations enabled us to examine how disability affects premature death in men and women from the 1800s until 2010. METHODS: Cox proportional regressions were used to estimate mortality hazards by disability status, gender and socio-economic indicators in three study populations from the 1800s, 1900s and 2000s. We followed all adults having disability from age 25 to compare their premature death risks (< age 43) relative to non-disabled groups.RESULTS: Irrespective of gender and century studied, the adjusted hazard ratios show that adults with disabilities had a significantly higher premature death risk relative to adults without disabilities, and it increased over time. In the 1800s, disability about doubled this risk (HR: 2.31, CI: 1.65–3.22) and it tripled from 1900–1959 (HR 3.01, CI 2.60– 3.48). At the turn of the 21th century, the mortality risk was almost ten-folded (HR 9.90, CI 8.03–10.5). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first comprehensive estimates on how disability increased mortality in Swedish populations from the 1800s until the 2000s. Across three centuries, disability was associated with a profoundly higher relative death risk in adults aged 25–42. This risk grew when the general survival in Sweden improved and it was the highest in the 1990–2010 period. Fundamental societal changes and extensive welfare provisions promoting equality in gender, health and social wellbeing of all citizens have not come to include younger generations with disabilities.
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| 6. |
- Edvinsson, Sören, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Income inequality in Swedish municipalities 1986-2013 : Development and regional patterns
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the present report, we investigate the patterns and trends of inequality in disposable income in the working-age population in Swedish municipalities 1986-2013. This period coincided with when Sweden changed from very lowlevels of inequality to one with substantially increasing inequality. Incomes has increased in all parts of Sweden, but differences in incomes between municipalities have widened. Asa result, large parts of Sweden have become poorer in a relative, although not in a nominative sense. At the same time, income inequality has increased substantially within as well as between municipalities. Present-day Swedes live in much more unequal environments, both at the national level and in the municipalities. The large city areas, or at least part of them, have had a much more advantageous economic development, but they also became more unequal. We see a division between parts of Sweden; there are clear differentiation tendencies between urban and rural parts, centre and periphery. Another finding is that the relation between mean income and income inequality has changed from the 1980s to the present. This association was negative a couple of decades ago, meaning that inequality was somewhat higher in poorer municipalities. From the 1990s onwards, the association is instead positive – affluent municipalities are more unequal.
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| 7. |
- Häggström Lundevaller, Erling, Filosofie doktor, PhD, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term Health Outcomes from Inbreeding : Longevity, Fertility and Impairment
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the paper is to investigate if inbreeding had any health effects on individuals born 1890–1905 in Skellefteå, Sweden, with a follow-up period until 1950. The effects on longevity, fertility and impairments as outcome variables is of particular interest to clarify, as they provide a comprehensive picture of howinbreeding affects human demographic behaviour and health during this period. The effect on longevity was not strong but caused higher mortality for men above one year of age. The risk of stillbirths showed a substantial association with inbreeding, with a higher risk for highly inbred. The probability of having children was lower for persons representing high levels of inbreeding. However, the number of children given that at leastone child is born is not affected. No significant effect of the parents being related is noted on fertility. With respect to an individual’s own inbreeding we find that the higher the level of inbreeding, the higher the risk of impairments.
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| 8. |
- Junkka, Johan, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy migrant perspectives on disability and mobility in a nineteenth-century population
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The strong association between weak health and immobility suggests why there is insufficient knowledge on how disability affects human migration, historically and today. Swedish parish registers digitized by the Demographic Data Base (DDB), Umeå University, enable this study to investigate a 19th-century population of more than 35,000 including a group long hidden in research and society because of disability. First, rates and regressions demonstrate that disability impeded the migration of both men and women albeit with variations by disability type and over time. During industrialisation the overall migration risk was increasing, but not in case of disability. Second, spatial analysis shows that disability limited the distance migrants crossed, especially in the pre-industrial period and among women. During industrial time, migrants’ distance and destinations became less determined by disability. We address healthy migrant perspectives and lock-in mechanisms to discuss the disability differences in migration.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, Lena, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Ambient temperature and stillbirth risks in northern Sweden, 1880–1950
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Epidemiology. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 2474-7882. ; 5:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Climate vulnerability of the unborn can contribute to adverse birth outcomes, in particular, but it is still not well under-stood. We investigated the association between ambient temperature and stillbirth risk among a historical population in northern Sweden (1880–1950).Methods: We used digitized parish records and daily temperature data from the study region covering coastal and inland communi-ties some 600 km north of Stockholm, Sweden. The data included 141,880 births, and 3,217 stillbirths, corresponding to a stillbirth rate of 22.7 (1880–1950). The association between lagged temperature (0–7 days before birth) and stillbirths was estimated using a time-stratified case-crossover design. Incidence risk ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals were computed, and stratified by season and sex.Results: We observed that the stillbirth risk increased both at low and high temperatures during the extended summer season (April to September), at −10°C, and the IRR was 2.3 (CI 1.28, 4.00) compared to the minimum mortality temperature of +15°C. No clear effect of temperature during the extended winter season (October to March) was found. Climate vulnerability was greater among the male fetus compared to the female counterparts.Conclusion: In this subarctic setting before and during industrialization, both heat and cold during the warmer season increased the stillbirth risk. Urbanization and socio-economic development might have contributed to an uneven decline in climate vulnerability of the unborn.
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, Lena, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic disparities in climate vulnerability : neonatal mortality in northern Sweden, 1880–1950
- 2021
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Ingår i: Population and environment. - : Springer. - 0199-0039 .- 1573-7810. ; 43:2, s. 149-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to analyse the association between season of birth, temperature and neonatal mortality according to socioeconomic status in northern Sweden from 1880 to 1950. The source material for this study comprised digitised parish records combined with local weather data. The association between temperature, seasonality, socioeconomic status and neonatal mortality was modelled using survival analysis. We can summarise our findings according to three time periods. During the first period (1880–1899), temperature and seasonality had the greatest association with high neonatal mortality, and the socioeconomic differences in vulnerability were small. The second period (1900–1929) was associated with a decline in seasonal and temperature-related vulnerabilities among all socioeconomic groups. For the last period (1930–1950), a new regime evolved with rapidly declining neonatal mortality rates involving class-specific temperature vulnerabilities, and there was a particular effect of high temperature among workers. We conclude that the effect of season of birth on neonatal mortality was declining for all socioeconomic groups (1880–1950), whereas weather vulnerability was pronounced either when the socioeconomic disparities in neonatal mortality were large (1880–1899) or during transformations from high to low neonatal rates in the course of industrialisation and urbanisation.
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