| 1. |
- Ali, Abdulemir, et al.
(författare)
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Doubtful effect of continuous intraarticular analgesia after total knee arthroplasty.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3682 .- 1745-3674. ; 86:3, s. 373-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose - Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) is well established for effective postoperative pain relief in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). To prolong the effect of LIA, infusion pumps with local intraarticular analgesia can be used. We evaluated the effect of such an infusion pump for the first 48 h postoperatively regarding pain, knee function, length of stay (LOS) in hospital, and complications. Patients and methods - 200 patients received peroperative LIA and a continuous intraarticular elastomeric infusion pump set at 2 mL/h. The patients were randomized either to ropivacaine (7.5 mg/mL) or to NaCl (9 mg/mL) in the pump. Visual analog scale (VAS) pain (0-100 mm), analgesic consumption, side effects of medicine, range of motion (ROM), leg-raising ability, LOS, and complications during the first 3 months were recorded. Results - On the first postoperative day, the ropivacaine group had lower VAS pain (33 vs. 40 at 12 noon and 36 vs. 43 at 8 p.m.; p = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively), but after that all recorded variables were similar between the groups. During the first 3 months, the ropivacaine group had a greater number of superficial and deep surgical wound infections (11 patients vs. 2 patients, p = 0.02). There were no other statistically significant differences between the groups. Interpretation - Continuous intraarticular analgesia (CIAA) with ropivacaine after TKA has no relevant clinical effect on VAS pain and does not affect LOS, analgesic consumption, ROM, or leg-raising ability. There may, however, be a higher risk of wound-healing complications including deep infections.
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| 2. |
- Anderson, Ulrik Dolberg, et al.
(författare)
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Gene expression profiling of first trimester placentas from pregnancies at high risk of developing preeclampsia
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pregnancy Hypertension. - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-7789. ; 3:2, s. 69-69
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia (PE) is an important cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. It is considered a two-stage disease, the first stage characterized by a defect placentation and the second stage by maternal manifestations. Details of the patho-physiology behind the transition from stage one to stage two remain unclear.OBJECTIVE: Was to study first trimester placental gene expression in patients identified as high risk for PE by either Doppler ultrasound or the biochemical markers cell free fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M).METHODS: Placental samples were obtained from seven women at highrisk of PE as determined by Doppler ultrasound of the uterine arteries and eight women with normal uterine artery resistance who for other reasons terminated their pregnancies surgically. Maternal serum samples were analyzed for HbF and A1M. The patients were risk stratified according to two risk classifications: (I) High vs. low uterine artery resistance and (II) High HbF and A1M vs. low HbF and A1M. Total RNA from the placentas was used for whole genome microarray. The results were analyzed by bioinformatics and genes of interest confirmed with qPCR.RESULTS: A total of 453 and 332 significantly altered genes were identified in the two study groups. Bioinformatics revealed 12 genes of interest in study group I and 7 genes of interest in study group II.CONCLUSIONS: Genes related to vascular tonus regulation and inflammatory response were identified in study group I suggesting that a lack of tonus regulation and increased inflammation might contribute to the high uterine artery resistance seen in this group. Genes related to regulation of hematopoiesis was found in group II suggesting dysfunctional hematopoiesis as a factor explaining the high levels of cell-free HbF seen.
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| 3. |
- Atry, Ashkan, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the Individual : Sources of Attitudes Towards Rule Violation in Sport
- 2012
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Ingår i: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1751-1321 .- 1751-133X. ; 6:4, s. 467-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, certain rule-violating behaviours, such as doping, are considered to be an issue of concern for the sport community. This paper underlines and examines the affective dimensions involved in moral responses to, and attitudes towards, rule-violating behaviours in sport. The key role played by affective processes underlying individual-level moral judgement has already been implicated by recent developments in moral psychological theories, and by neurophysiological studies. However, we propose and discuss the possibility of affective processes operating on a social level which may influence athletes’ individual-level attitudes. We conclude that one-sided focus on individual rule- violating behaviour and individual sanctions may prove to be ineffective in coming to terms with the issue. In this regard we recommend a twofold approach by addressing underlying social dimensions, along with preventive measures through affect-oriented education.
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| 4. |
- Atry, Ashkan, et al.
(författare)
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Cheating is the name of the game : Conventional cheating arguments fail to articulate moral responses to doping
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2081-2221 .- 1899-4849. ; 59:1, s. 21-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most common arguments in the discussion on doping is that it represents a form of cheating. In this paper, it is argued that common doping-is-cheating arguments based on notions of rule-violation and unfair advantage are inadequate, since they treat cheating as distinct from the structure and the logic of competitive sport. An alternative approach to cheating in sport as regards performance enhancement will be offered based on the ethics of participation in interpersonal relationships. This participatory perspective points towards the need to broaden our conception of agency and moral responsibility in relation to doping, beyond the notion of the individual “drug-cheat” who acts in a vacuum.
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| 5. |
- Atry, Ashkan, et al.
(författare)
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Doping and The Participatory Responsibility of Sports Physicians
- 2013
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper it will be argued that notwithstanding the need for more clear regulative measures in relation to sports physicians’ doping behaviour, the predominant medical/legalistic approach in/by itself is not sufficient, and fails in doing what sports anti-doping authorities whish it to do, i.e., to define and to assign sports physicians’ responsibility in an adequate way. High-performance sport is a form of social practice and sports physicians are an integrated part of the practice. In dealing with such a large-scale social process as high-performance sport, the above approach is lacking since it (a) proceeds from a conception of responsibility which limits the scope of responsibility in athletic settings, and (b) overlooks social aspects of responsibility and responsibility-attributing processes. Furthermore, it will be maintained that responsibility is relational, and as such, it is chiefly created and assigned within the social practice, rather than imposed from authoritative sources that are external to the practice itself. It will be concluded that sports physicians, given their position in relation to athletes and sports management, should actively assume prospective responsibilities beyond those pre- defined responsibilities that are expressed in rules, regulations and policies issued by sports’ governing bodies.
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| 6. |
- Atry, Ashkan, et al.
(författare)
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Gene Doping and the Responsibility of Bioethicists
- 2011
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Ingår i: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1751-1321 .- 1751-133X. ; 5:2, s. 149-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we will argue: (1) that scholars, regardless of their normative stand against or for genetic enhancement indeed have a moral/professional obligation to hold on to a realistic and up-to-date conception of genetic enhancement; (2) that there is an unwarranted hype surrounding the issue of genetic enhancement in general, and gene doping in particular; and (3) that this hype is, at least partly, created due to a simplistic and reductionist conception of genetics often adopted by bioethicists.
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| 7. |
- Atry, Ashkan
(författare)
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Transforming the Doping Culture : Whose responsibility, what responsibility?
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The doping culture represents an issue for sport and for society. Normative debates on doping have been mainly concerned with questions of the justifiability of doping. The practice of assigning responsibility for doping behaviour has chiefly been individual-based, focusing mainly on the individual athlete’s doping behaviour. The overarching aim of this thesis is to investigate the relevance and the importance of the ideas of responsibility in relation to ethical debates on doping. The more specific aim is to examine the possibility of broadening the scope of responsibility beyond the individual athlete, and to sketch a theoretical framework within which this expansion could be accommodated. In the first study, it is argued that bioethicists have a moral/professional responsibility to start out from a realistic and up-to-date view of genetics in ethical debates on gene doping, and that good bioethics requires good empirics. In study 2, the role played by affective processes in influencing athletes’ attitudes towards doping behaviour is investigated, both on an individual and on a collective level. It is concluded that an exclusive focus on individual-level rule violation and sanctions may entail overlooking the greater social picture and would prove to be ineffective in the long term. In study 3, the common doping-is-cheating arguments are examined and it is argued that they fail to capture vital features of people’s moral responses to doping behaviour. An alternative account of cheating in sport is presented in terms of failure to manifest good will and respect. It is concluded that putting cheating in the broader context of human interpersonal relationships makes evident the need to broaden the scope of moral responsibility and agency beyond the individual athlete. In study 4, the particular case of assigning responsibility for doping to sports physicians is used to examine the current individual-based approach to responsibility. This approach underestimates the scope of the responsibility by leaving out a range of other actors from the discourse of responsibility. The central conclusion of the thesis is that transforming the current doping culture requires broadening the scope of responsibility to include individuals and groups of individuals other than the athletes themselves.
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| 8. |
- Birgersson, Marcus, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Data Integration Using Machine Learning
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings - IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Workshop, EDOCW. - 1541-7719. ; 2016-September, s. 313-322, s. 313-322
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, enterprise integration and cross-enterprise collaboration is becoming evermore important. The Internet of things, digitization and globalization are pushing continuous growth in the integration market. However, setting up integration systems today is still largely a manual endeavor. Most probably, future integration will need to leverage more automation in order to keep up with demand. This paper presents a first version of a system that uses tools from artificial intelligence and machine learning to ease the integration of information systems, aiming to automate parts of it. Three models are presented and evaluated for precision and recall using data from real, past, integration projects. The results show that it is possible to obtain Fo.5 scores in the order of 80% for models trained on a particular kind of data, and in the order of 60%-70% for less specific models trained on a several kinds of data. Such models would be valuable enablers for integration brokers to keep up with demand, and obtain a competitive advantage. Future work includes fusing the results from the different models, and enabling continuous learning from an operational production system.
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| 9. |
- Cedervall, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Species-specific in vivo engraftment of the human BL melanoma cell line results in an invasive dedifferentiated phenotype not present in xenografts
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 69:9, s. 3746-3754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For clinically relevant studies on melanoma progression and invasiveness, in vivo experimental systems with a human cellular microenvironment would be advantageous. We have compared tumor formation from a human cutaneous malignant melanoma cell line (BL), after injection as conventional xenografts in the mouse, or when injected into a predominantly species-specific environment of human embryonic stem cell-derived teratoma induced in the mouse (the hEST model). The resulting melanoma histology was generally analogous, both systems showing delimited densely packed areas with pleomorphic cells of malignant appearance. A specificity of the integration process into the human embryonic teratoma tissues was indicated by the melanoma exclusively being found in areas compatible with condensed mesenchyme, similar to neural crest development. Here, also enhanced neovascularization was seen within the human mesenchymal tissues facing the BL melanoma growth. Furthermore, in the hEST model an additional melanoma cell phenotype occurred, located at the border of, or infiltrating into, the surrounding human loose mesenchymal fibrous stroma. This BL population had a desmoplastic spindle-like appearance, with markers indicative of dedifferentiation and migration. The appearance of this apparently more aggressive phenotype, as well as the induction of human angiogenesis, shows specific interactions with the human embryonic microenvironment in the hEST model. In conclusion, these data provide exciting options for using the hEST model in molecular in vivo studies on differentiation, invasiveness, and malignancy of human melanoma, while analyzing species-specific reactions in vivo.
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| 10. |
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