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- Haraldstad, K, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review of quality of life research in medicine and health sciences.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2649. ; 28:10, s. 2641-1650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quality of life (QOL) is an important concept in the field of health and medicine. QOL is a complex concept that is interpreted and defined differently within and between disciplines, including the fields of health and medicine. The aims of this study were to systematically review the literature on QOL in medicine and health research and to describe the country of origin, target groups, instruments, design, and conceptual issues.A systematic review was conducted to identify research studies on QOL and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The databases Scopus, which includes Embase and MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched for articles published during one random week in November 2016. The ten predefined criteria of Gill and Feinstein were used to evaluate the conceptual and methodological rigor.QOL research is international and involves a variety of target groups, research designs, and QOL measures. According to the criteria of Gill and Feinstein, the results show that only 13% provided a definition of QOL, 6% distinguished QOL from HRQOL. The most frequently fulfilled criteria were: (i) stating the domains of QOL to be measured; (ii) giving a reason for choosing the instruments used; and (iii) aggregating the results from multiple items.QOL is an important endpoint in medical and health research, and QOL research involves a variety of patient groups and different research designs. Based on the current evaluation of the methodological and conceptual clarity of QOL research, we conclude that the majority QOL studies in health and medicine have conceptual and methodological challenges.
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| 2. |
- Ringselle, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of renewal time, taproot cutting, ploughing practice, false seedbed and companion crop on docks (Rumex spp.) when renewing grassland
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Agronomy. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 1161-0301 .- 1873-7331. ; 103, s. 54-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Docks (Rumex spp.) are a considerable problem in grassland production worldwide. We investigated how different cultural management techniques affected dock populations during grassland renewal: (I) renewal time, (II) companion crop, (III) false seedbed, (IV) taproot cutting (V), plough skimmer and (VI) ploughing depth. Three factorial split-split plot experiments were carried out in Norway in 2007–2008 (three locations), 2008–2009 (one location) and 2009 (one location). After grassland renewal, more dock plants emerged from seeds than from roots. Summer renewal resulted in more dock seed and root plants than spring renewal. Adding a spring barley companion crop to the grassland crop often reduced dock density and biomass. A false seedbed resulted in 71% fewer dock seed plants following summer renewal, but tended to increase the number of dock plants after spring renewal. In some instances, taproot cutting resulted in less dock biomass, but the effect was weak and inconsistent, and if ploughing was shallow (16 cm) or omitted, it instead increased dock root plant emergence. Fewer root plants emerged after deep ploughing (24 cm) compared to shallow ploughing, and a plough skimmer tended to reduce the number further. We conclude that a competitive companion crop can assist in controlling both dock seed and root plants, but it is more important that the renewal time is favourable to the main crop. Taproot cutting in conjunction with ploughing is not an effective way to reduce dock root plants, but ploughing is more effective if it is deep and a skimmer is used.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hveem, T. S., et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Chromatin Structure in Curettage Specimens Identifies High-Risk Patients in Endometrial Cancer
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 26:1, s. 61-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Most endometrial carcinoma patients are diagnosed at an early stage with a good prognosis. However, a relatively low fraction with lethal disease constitutes a substantial number of patients due to the high incidence rate. Preoperative identification of patients with high risk and low risk for poor outcome is necessary to tailor treatment. Nucleotyping refers to characterization of cell nuclei by image cytometry, including the assessment of chromatin structure by nuclear texture analysis. This method is a strong prognostic marker in many cancers but has not been evaluated in preoperative curettage specimens from endometrial carcinoma. Methods: The prognostic impact of changes in chromatin structure quantified with Nucleotyping was evaluated in preoperative curettage specimens from 791 endometrial carcinoma patients prospectively included in the MoMaTEC multicenter trial. Results: Nucleotyping was an independent prognostic marker of disease-specific survival in preoperative curettage specimens among patients with Federation Internationale des Gynaecologistes et Obstetristes (FIGO) stage I-II disease (HR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-6.5; P - 0.013) and significantly associated with age, FIGO stage, histologic type, histologic grade, myometrial infiltration, lymph node status, curettage histology type, and DNA ploidy. Conclusions: Nucleotyping in preoperative curettage specimens is an independent prognostic marker for disease-specific survival, with potential to supplement existing parameters for risk stratification to tailor treatment. Impact: This is the first study to evaluate the prognostic impact of Nucleotyping in curettage specimens from endometrial carcinoma and shows that this may be a clinically useful prognostic marker in endometrial cancer. External validation is warranted. (C) 2016 AACR.
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| 5. |
- Njolstad, T. S., et al.
(författare)
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DNA ploidy in curettage specimens identifies high-risk patients and lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer
- 2015
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 112:10, s. 1656-1664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Preoperative risk stratification is essential in tailoring endometrial cancer treatment, and biomarkers predicting lymph node metastasis and aggressive disease are aspired in clinical practice. DNA ploidy assessment in hysterectomy specimens is a well-established prognostic marker. DNA ploidy assessment in preoperative curettage specimens is less studied, and in particular in relation to the occurrence of lymph node metastasis. Methods: Curettage image cytometry DNA ploidy in relation to established clinicopathological variables and outcome was investigated in 785 endometrial carcinoma patients prospectively included in the MoMaTEC multicentre trial. Results: Diploid curettage status was found in 72.0%, whereas 28.0% were non-diploid. Non-diploid status significantly correlated with traditional aggressive postoperative clinicopathological features, and was an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis among FIGO stage I-III patients in multivariate analysis (OR 1.94, P = 0.033). Non-diploid status was related to shorter disease-specific survival (5-year DSS of 74.4% vs 88.8% for diploid curettage, P<0.001). When stratifying by FIGO stage and lymph node status, the prognostic effect remained. However, in multivariate regression analysis, preoperative histological risk classification was a stronger predictor of DSS than DNA ploidy. Conclusions: Non-diploid curettage is significantly associated with aggressive clinicopathological phenotype, lymph node metastasis, and poor survival in endometrial cancer. The prognostic effect was also observed among subgroups with (presumably) less aggressive traits, such as low FIGO stage and negative lymph node status. Our results indicate curettage DNA ploidy as a possible supplement to existing parameters used to tailor surgical treatment. ELER VM, 1991, CANCER, V67, P3093
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| 6. |
- Stefansson, S. O., et al.
(författare)
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Growth, osmoregulation and endocrine changes in wild Atlantic salmon smolts and post-smolts during marine migration
- 2012
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486. ; 362, s. 127-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have examined physiological parameters associated with seawater adaptability, growth and energetics, as well as major endocrine regulators of these processes in wild migrating Atlantic salmon smolts and post-smolts from the river through the fjord, coastal areas and the open ocean. Muscle RNA/DNA ratio suggests that growth rate increases soon after entry into seawater and continues to increase after the post-smolts reach the offshore banks and the feeding grounds in the Norwegian Sea. Post-smolts prioritize rapid growth and protein deposition in spring and summer, and their energy intake during this period is so high that deposition of energy is possible in addition to muscle growth. An increase in thyroxine (T-4) and triiodothyronine (T-3) levels was observed, suggesting a major activation of hepatic conversion of T-4 to T-3 in post-smolts in seawater, probably related to the high metabolic activity and rapid growth and development of the post-smolts. Decreased plasma growth hormone (GH) levels were observed from the river through the fjord, with levels around 2 ng ml(-1) in rapidly growing post-smolts, concurrent with an increase in circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). An increase in pituitary GH expression levels and hepatic GH receptor (GH-R) and local IGF-I mRNA levels suggest a physiological basis for the changes in circulating GH and IGF-I levels. Receptor expression in brain and pituitary suggests that both hormones are actively involved in the growth and differentiation of these tissues during the critical early marine phase. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) activity increased to post-smolt levels above 20 mu mol ADP mg prot.(divided by 1) h(divided by 1), probably representing long-term NKA activity levels of Atlantic salmon in seawater. Concurrent with the changes in NKA activity the expression of the NKA alpha 1b isoform remained high in post-smolts, while the expression of the NKA alpha 1a decreased from smolts to post-smolts. Both cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) I and II showed a reduction in mRNA levels from smolts to post-smolts, and remained stable at low expression levels in seawater. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Wergeland, Gro Janne H., et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of school-based cognitive behavior therapy outcome for youth with anxiety
- 2023
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Meta-analyses of school-based CBT have shown that prevention for anxiety symptoms typically report small but significant effects. There is limited knowledge regarding which youths may benefit most and least from such programs, and characteristics of youth who respond differentially to interventions of different intensity. The present study examined predictors of school-based CBT outcomes among 302 youths (mean age 14.0 years, SD 0.8, 84% female) who participated in a randomized waitlist-controlled trial comparing a 10-session and a 5-session group intervention. Potential predictors included youth and parental factors, and credibility and expectancy of the interventions. Pre-intervention anxiety and depression levels, and clinician rated severity were examined as moderators of intervention effects. Outcomes were youth-, and parent-reported youth anxiety and depressive symptoms at post-intervention and 1-year follow-up. Higher parent-reported impairment from youth anxiety predicted larger parent-reported anxiety and depressive symptom change, whereas higher caregiver strain was associated with less symptom change. Higher parent rated credibility and expectancy was associated with improved outcomes at post-intervention. At 1-year follow-up, no predictors of outcome were identified. No moderators were identified. Families with high levels of caregiver strain associated with youth anxiety may need extra support regardless of length of intervention program. Parents’ credibility and expectancy of interventions should be targeted to optimize school-based CBT.
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