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- Helgegren, Ida, 1986, et al.
(author)
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A multiple regime analysis of the water and sanitation sectors in the Kanata metropolitan region, Bolivia
- 2021
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In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-1625. ; 166
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transition studies provide an opportunity to understand how water and sanitation sectors develop over time, including insights into how universal access to safe water and sanitation services can be achieved. There is, however, a lack of studies on water and sanitation sectors in low and middle-income cities, which are characterized by diverse technical systems and governance structures. This study aims to contribute to filling this knowledge gap and lead to increased understanding regarding initiation of transition to safe water and sanitation for all. It identifies windows of opportunities, i.e. sector instabilities that could create space for improvements of the different modes of service delivery and better aligning them. The diverse water and sanitation sectors of the Kanata metropolitan region, Bolivia were selected as a case study. Distinct modes of service delivery were identified based on different governance structures, i.e. individual, community and municipal service regimes. Regime stability was evaluated through assessing the institutionalization of 1) water and sanitation infrastructure, 2) actors & organization mode, 3) internal coordination, 4) prevalent sector values, 5) financing and 6) legislation. The stability of these characteristics varied among the service regimes, but they all included instabilities that implied opportunities for change.
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| 2. |
- Helgegren, Ida, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Contextualizing Sustainable Development for Small Scale Water and Sanitation Systems in Cochabamba, Bolivia
- 2013
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In: Urban Environment. - 9789400777569 ; , s. 217-225
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Water and sanitation are pressing issues for the urban poor in Bolivia where the lack of safe water and sanitation services contributes to urban poverty. This paper defines sustainable development (SD) in relation to small scale water and sanitation systems in the metropolitan area of Cochabamba, Bolivia. A case study on the water and sanitation systems of two housing cooperatives is performed. By involving all the concerned stakeholders this study aims to identify a contextualized definition of SD, which can be used in order to assess and steer the development of small scale water and sanitation systems in the metropolitan area of Cochabamba. The identified definition consists of the following criteria, referred to as key issues: social context, socio-political factors, target group, freshwater resources, economic obstacles, reproducibility, knowledge, management, reliability, water quality and disposal. Three main challenges are identified to have had major influence on the contextualization of the SD concept: which stakeholders that are included, how the differing opinions among the stakeholders are addressed and how active the stakeholders are in the development process.
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| 3. |
- Helgegren, Ida, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Facilitating factors for community-managed wastewater systems in the Kanata metropolitan region, Bolivia
- 2021
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In: Sustainable Cities and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-6707. ; 75
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Provision of safe sanitation services is a major challenge in low and middle-income countries where adequate wastewater management is almost entirely lacking or insufficient. Community-managed wastewater systems are increasingly seen as part of the solution to this challenge. There is, however, a lack of in-depth understanding regarding how these communal systems are affected by external factors. Through a qualitative case study of the wastewater sector of the Kanata metropolitan region, Bolivia, this paper aims to contribute to filling this knowledge gap. A variety of data collection and analysis procedures resulted in two main outcomes. First, a shared common vision regarding the development of the wastewater sector and the role of community actors was highlighted as crucial for strengthening communal wastewater management. Secondly, facilitating factors that promote community-managed wastewater services were identified, i.e. financing possibilities, technical support, legal support, formal and informal networks, continuous dialogue, trust, compatibililty with local institutions, control of territory and availability of contractors and builders. The results provide guidance for both policymakers and development practitioners that aim to strengthen community-managed wastewater systems, as well as contribute to increased theoretical understanding.
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| 4. |
- Helgegren, Ida, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Importance of internal factors for community-managed water and wastewater systems in Cochabamba, Bolivia
- 2020
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In: International Journal of Water Resources Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0648 .- 0790-0627. ; 36:6, s. 1031-1053
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Community management is often seen as part of the solution to increase access to drinking water and wastewater management where municipal services are lacking. This article intends to increase the knowledge regarding self-organized community-managed water and wastewater systems in urban and peri-urban areas. A theory-building case-study approach, including three different neighbourhoods in Bolivia and their respective community-based organizations, was selected. Four prerequisites – leadership, agreed vision, collective action and management – and associated enabling factors connected to three distinct planning and management phases were found to be of major importance for community-managed water and wastewater systems.
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| 5. |
- Helgegren, Ida, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Importance of triggers and veto-barriers for the implementation of sanitation in informal peri-urban settlements – The case of cochabamba, Bolivia
- 2018
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203 .- 1932-6203. ; 13:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An estimated 2.4 billion people lack access to improved sanitation which has devastating consequences for human health and the environment. Understanding what constitute sanitation demand is crucial for accelerating the spread of improved sanitation. This study aims to understand the adoption mechanisms for improved sanitation. An informal peri-urban settlement in Cochabamba, Bolivia was selected as a case study to understand adoption patterns. Various qualitative methods of data collection and analysis were employed. The findings showed that pour-flush toilets was the only preferred sanitation alternative at the study site. An adoption framework for waterborne toilets was developed based on diffusion of innovation theory. Factors that influence adoption were identified. Some functioned as triggers and initiated adoption, whereas some factors blocked adoption and constituted veto-barriers. Most factors were connected to the individual household situation and its members, but neighborhood development also affected pour-flush adoption. Based on adoption time the residents were divided into the following adoption groups: first adopters, early majority, late majority, laggards and non-adopters. Each adoption group followed its own adoption route with specific characteristics and respective triggers or veto-barriers. We argue that the strong demand for waterborne toilets in peri-urban areas need to be recognized and the developed framework could be used for customizing sanitation improvement programs for certain target groups.
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| 6. |
- Helgegren, Ida, 1986
(author)
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Understanding the Roles of Stakeholders in the Water and Sanitation Sector- Implementation and Operation of Water Supply and Sanitation Systems in the Kanata metropolitan region, Bolivia
- 2020
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis aims to understand how distinct population segments access safe water and sanitation services, including the role of CBOs and individual households. A qualitative case study approach of the water and sanitation sector of the Kanata metropolitan region, Bolivia was selected. At first, the holistic case of the whole water and sanitation sector was studied through a deductive approach that implied application of transition theory. Secondly, embedded cases of unique interest at the neighbourhood level were included to develop new theories, i.e. inductive reasoning. Identification and evaluation of the existing water and sanitation regimes in the Kanata metropolitan region highlighted weaknesses that implied opportunities for change. The community actors played a crucial role for service provision and the following internal prerequisites for community-managed water and sanitation systems were identified: agreed vision, collective action, leadership and management. These were then connected to three distinct planning and management phases. Community-managed sanitation systems were, however, less common than community-managed water systems. One explanation was found to be that communal wastewater management included many weaknesses that limited its spread. A number of facilitating factors were identified as crucial for the promotion of community-managed wastewater systems. At the household level, an adoption framework for sanitation facilities, including triggers and veto-barriers, was developed. It was found that most residents can be pushed or pulled into action, i.e. the adoption time can be shortened. For example, timing with other housing improvements and insecurity of daughters while practicing open defecation (OD) triggered many families to implement pour-flush toilets. Some residents did, however, need targeted interventions to overcome veto-barriers. The findings of this research project may be used by local stakeholders in the Kanata metropolitan region, as well as bring learnings to similar contexts. The identified weaknesses of the water and sanitation regimes open up for changes and transition to safe water and sanitation services for all. The results regarding community management enable customization of external support to CBOs that have or will implement communal water and sanitation systems. In addition, the adoption framework for household sanitation facilitate development programs that aim to speed-up sanitation coverage. Apart from its practical value, this thesis also contributes to unravelling the roles of alternative stakeholders and their importance for speeding-up the access to safe water and sanitation services. It lays the groundwork for theories regarding implementation and operation of community-managed systems and adoption of household sanitation.
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| 7. |
- Mc Conville, Jennifer R, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Using role-playing games to broaden engineering education
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. - 1467-6370. ; 18:4, s. 594-607
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – In today’s complex society, there is an increasing demand to include a wider set of skills in engineering curricula, especially skills related to policy, society and sustainable development. Role-playing and gaming are active learning tools, which are useful for learning relationships between technology and society, problem solving in complex situations and communication. However, use of these learning methods in higher education, and in engineering particularly, is limited. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a role-playing game for learning about complexities related to sustainable water and sanitation management within a civil engineering curriculum.Design/methodology/approach – The game has been used during three consecutive years in a Masters’ level course. Surveys and course evaluations were used to evaluate the effectiveness of this method from both teacher and student perspectives.Findings – The results show that students gained knowledge on complex subjects, and both teachers and students had positive experiences. Better integration of the game within the rest of the course could strengthen its effectiveness.Originality/value – The experiences gained from this study should assist others in the development and use of such active learning techniques in higher education.
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