| 1. |
- Winiger, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Siberian Arctic black carbon sources constrained by model and observation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 114:7, s. E1054-E1061
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Black carbon (BC) in haze and deposited on snow and ice can have strong effects on the radiative balance of the Arctic. There is a geographic bias in Arctic BC studies toward the Atlantic sector, with lack of observational constraints for the extensive Russian Siberian Arctic, spanning nearly half of the circum-Arctic. Here, 2 y of observations at Tiksi (East Siberian Arctic) establish a strong seasonality in both BC concentrations (8 ng u m-3 to 302 ng.m(-3)) and dual-isotopeconstrained sources (19 to 73% contribution from biomass burning). Comparisons between observations and a dispersion model, coupled to an anthropogenic emissions inventory and a fire emissions inventory, give mixed results. In the European Arctic, this model has proven to simulate BC concentrations and source contributions well. However, the model is less successful in reproducing BC concentrations and sources for the Russian Arctic. Using a Bayesian approach, we show that, in contrast to earlier studies, contributions fromgas flaring (6%), power plants (9%), and open fires (12%) are relatively small, with the major sources instead being domestic (35%) and transport (38%). The observation-based evaluation of reported emissions identifies errors in spatial allocation of BC sources in the inventory and highlights the importance of improving emission distribution and source attribution, to develop reliable mitigation strategies for efficient reduction of BC impact on the Russian Arctic, one of the fastestwarming regions on Earth.
|
|
| 2. |
- Åström, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Capacity building on decision support for air pollution policies – results from Nordic-Russian co-operation
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2010 the Nordic Council of Ministers initiated a research project with the aims to enable capacity building on the EMEP/MSC-W model, expand data inventories in the Russian Federation, and to develop a Russian version of the GAINS model. The project activities were: Identification of regions to be modelled; EMEP/MSC-W model calculations and capacity building; GAINS model development and adaptation; Emissions & Data inventories and consistency checks; GAINS model scenario analysis. The project resulted in an updated GAINS Russia model, regionalised and sector-specific emission inventories, region-specific source-receptor calculations, and EMEP/MSC-W model training activities. Finally, regionalised emission abatement scenarios were analysed and showed large differences between regions in terms of potential emission reductions and emission abatement costs. The Russian Federation has now established analytical capacity related to the GAINS and EMEP/MSC-W models, the GAINS Russia model has been updated and improved, and a process for preparing input data inventories has been initiated. The Russian Federation can now launch independent research on cost effective emission reductions in the Russian Federation and analyse consequences on human health and the environment.
|
|
