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- Armesto, N., et al.
(author)
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Heavy-ion collisions at the LHC-Last call for predictions
- 2008
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In: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 35:5, s. 054001-
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This writeup is a compilation of the predictions for the forthcoming Heavy Ion Program at the Large Hadron Collider, as presented at the CERN Theory Institute 'Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC - Last Call for Predictions', held from 14th May to 10th June 2007.
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- Kattner, Nicole, et al.
(author)
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Development and validation of a quantitative electron microscopy score to assess acute cellular stress in the human exocrine pancreas
- 2021
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In: Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research. - : Wiley. - 2056-4538. ; 7:2, s. 173-187
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The pancreas is particularly sensitive to acute cellular stress, but this has been difficult to evaluate using light microscopy. Pancreatic ischaemia associated with deceased organ donation negatively impacts whole-organ and isolated-islet transplantation outcomes. Post-mortem changes have also hampered accurate interpretation of ante-mortem pancreatic pathology. A rigorous histological scoring system accurately quantifying ischaemia is required to experimentally evaluate innovations in organ preservation and to increase rigour in clinical/research evaluation of underlying pancreatic pathology. We developed and validated an unbiased electron microscopy (EM) score of acute pancreatic exocrine cellular stress in deceased organ donor cohorts (development [n = 28] and validation [n = 16]). Standardised assessment led to clearly described numerical scores (0–3) for nuclear, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphology and intracellular vacuolisation; with a maximum (worst) aggregate total score of 12. In the Validation cohort, a trend towards higher scores was observed for tail versus head regions (nucleus score following donation after brainstem death [DBD]: head 0.67 ± 0.19; tail 0.86 ± 0.11; p = 0.027) and donation after circulatory death (DCD) versus DBD (mitochondrial score: DCD (head + tail) 2.59 ± 0.16; DBD (head + tail) 2.38 ± 0.21; p = 0.004). Significant mitochondrial changes were seen ubiquitously even with short cold ischaemia, whereas nuclear and vacuolisation changes remained mild even after prolonged ischaemia. ER score correlated with cold ischaemia time (CIT) following DBD (pancreatic tail region: r = 0.796; p = 0.018). No relationships between CIT and EM scores were observed following DCD. In conclusion, we have developed and validated a novel EM score providing standardised quantitative assessment of subcellular ultrastructural morphology in pancreatic acinar cells. This provides a robust novel tool for gold standard measurement of acute cellular stress in studies evaluating surrogate measures of peri-transplant ischaemia, organ preservation technologies and in samples obtained for detailed pathological examination of underlying pancreatic pathology.
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- Marschan, E, et al.
(author)
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Increased activation of GATA-3, IL-2 and IL-5 of cord blood mononuclear cells in infants with igE sensitization
- 2008
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In: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 19:2, s. 132-139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Risk of allergic diseases has been linked to abnormal patterns of fetal immune development, suggesting that priming of the immune system may occur in utero. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the pattern of immune response in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) shows association with allergic diseases and IgE sensitization at 2 yr of age, and to study the effect of maternal probiotic supplementation on CBMC immune responses. CBMC were isolated from 98 neonates in a randomized double-blinded intervention study. CBMC were stimulated with beta-lactoglobulin, and phytohemaglutinin (PHA). Secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and IL-13 was measured by an ELISA; IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 by a cytokine bead assay. T-cell polarization-associated IL-4 receptor and IL-12R expressions, and the respective transcription factors GATA-3 and T-bet were analyzed with RT-PCR. The above responses were compared with the development of allergic diseases and IgE sensitization at 2 yr of age, and with the maternal probiotic or placebo supplementation. PHA-stimulated GATA-3 expression and IL-2 secretion in CBMC were higher in IgE-sensitized children at an age of 2 yr than in the non-sensitized, non-allergic children (p = 0.03 and 0.026). PHA-induced expression of GATA-3 correlated with IL-5 (p = 0.003, r = 0.300) and IL-13 (p = 0.007, r = 0.278) secretion of CBMC, and IL-5 secretion of β-lactoglobulin-stimulated CBMC was higher in IgE-sensitized children at 2 yr of age than in the non-sensitized, non-allergic children (p = 0.013). Probiotic bacteria had no effect on CBMC immune responses. In CBMC-enhanced induction of GATA-3, which activates several Th2 cytokines genes, was a risk factor for IgE sensitization. The immune deviation towards Th2-type immunity developed already in utero and seemed to modulate the pattern of immune response favoring an IgE response to environmental antigens.
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- Sanchez-Vega, M., et al.
(author)
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Studies of quadrupole collectivity in the γ -soft 106Ru
- 2008
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In: European Physical Journal A. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 35:2, s. 159-165
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Various alternative models were used to describe the structure of 106Ru . For example, the General Collective Model (GCM) predicts shape-coexistence for 106Ru with a spherical and a triaxial minimum and strongly mixed structures, while in the IBA-2 calculations, where 106Ru was considered as transitional from vibrational U(5) to γ -soft O(6) , no need was found to include the shape-coexisting configurations. In order to provide additional constraints on the model interpretations, we have applied the Advanced Time-Delayed (ATD) βγγ(t) method to measure the level lifetimes of the excited levels in 106Ru . The new results include the half-lives of T 1/2 = 183(3) ps and 7.5(30)ps for the 2+ 1 and 2+ 2 states, respectively.
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- Kanerva, M., et al.
(author)
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Automatization and stress analysis data of CoCr laser weld fatigue tests
- 2019
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In: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3409. ; 26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work includes raw and analyzed test data when using a recently developed fatigue test method for miniature laser welds in cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloy joints [1]: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.07.004. The automization of fatigue tests is crucial for saving costs and personnel resources and that is the reason why the atomization threshold and the resulting spectrum data related to CoCr welds are provided here. The finite element method based stress computation output is provided related to shearing-mode tests to support the dataset as a whole. In addition, the compositional data of the parent material and the laser weld are given.
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- Kanerva, M., et al.
(author)
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Miniature CoCr laser welds under cyclic shear : Fatigue evolution and crack growth
- 2019
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In: Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. - : ELSEVIER. - 1751-6161 .- 1878-0180. ; 99, s. 93-103
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Miniature laser welds with the root depth in the range of 50-300 pm represent air-tight joints between the components in medical devices, such as those in implants, growth rods, stents and various prostheses. The current work focuses on the development of a fatigue test specimen and procedure to determine fatigue lives of shear-loaded laser welds. A cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloy is used as a benchmark case. S-N graphs, damage process, and fracture surfaces are studied by applying x-ray analysis, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy both before and after the crack onset. A non-linear material model is fitted for the CoCr alloy to run finite element simulations of the damage and deformation. As a result, two tensile-loaded specimen designs are established and the performance is compared to that of a traditional torque-loaded specimen. The new generation specimens show less variation in the determined fatigue lives due to well-defined crack onset point and, therefore, precise weld seam load during the experiments. The fatigue damage concentrates to the welded material and the entire weld experiences fatigue prior to the final, fracture-governed failure phase. For the studied weld seams of hardened CoCr, a regression fatigue limit of 10.8-11.8 MPa, where the stress refers to the arithmetic average shear stress computed along the region dominated by shear loading, is determined.
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- Lehtihet, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Glutamate inhibits protein phosphatases and promotes insulin exocytosis in pancreatic beta-cells
- 2005
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In: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 328:2, s. 601-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In human type 2 diabetes mellitus, loss of glucose-sensitive insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta-cell is an early pathogenetic event, but the mechanisms involved in glucose sensing are poorly understood. A messenger role has been postulated for L-glutamate in linking glucose stimulation to sustained insulin exocytosis in the beta-cell, but the precise nature by which L-glutamate controls insulin secretion remains elusive. Effects of L-glutamate on the activities of ser/thr protein phosphatases (PPase) and Ca(2+)-regulated insulin exocytosis in INS-1E cells were investigated. Glucose increases L-glutamate contents and promotes insulin secretion from INS-1E cells. L-glutamate also dose-dependently inhibits PPase enzyme activities analogous to the specific PPase inhibitor, okadaic acid. L-glutamate and okadaic acid directly and non-additively promote insulin exocytosis from permeabilized INS-1E cells in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. Thus, an increase in phosphorylation state, through inhibition of protein dephosphorylation by glucose-derived L-glutamate, may be a novel regulatory mechanism linking glucose sensing to sustained insulin exocytosis.
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