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| 2. |
- Bäckbro, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Unexpected binding mode of a cyclic sulfamide HIV-1 protease inhibitor
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 40:6, s. 898-902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two cyclic, C2-symmetric HIV-1 protease inhibitors, one sulfamide and one urea derivative, both comprising phenyl ether groups in the P1/P1‘ positions, were cocrystallized with HIV-1 protease, and the crystal structures were determined to 2.0 Å resolution. The structure of the urea 2 showed a conformation similar to that reported for the related urea 3 by Lam et al., while the sulfamide 1 adopted an unanticipated conformation in which the P1‘ and P2‘ side chains were transposed.
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| 3. |
- Danielsson Norén, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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15-Lipoxygenase-2 expression in human macrophages induces chemokine secretion and T cell migration.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 199:1, s. 34-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We determined previously that hypoxia results in increased 15-lipoxygenase type 2 (15-LOX-2) expression and CXCL8 secretion in macrophages. This study sought to determine whether 15-LOX-2 expression links directly with the secretion of inflammatory molecules in macrophages and also investigated its subsequent effects on T cell migration. METHODS: Adenovirus-mediated gene delivery caused overexpression of 15-LOX-2 in human macrophages. We used cytometric bead array to measure chemokine secretion, and assessed T cell migration by counting cells in chemotaxis chambers. Expression of chemokine receptors was determined by FACS analysis. Using siRNA, we reduced 15-LOX-2 expression in human macrophages. We used scrambled siRNA as control. RESULTS: Macrophages that overexpress 15-LOX-2 showed increased secretion of chemokine CXCL10 after 24h incubation. In addition, preconditioned medium from 15-LOX-2-overexpressing cells increased T cell migration and surface expression of CXCR3, the CXCL10 receptor. Knockdown of 15-LOX-2 expression decreased CXCL10 secretion from hypoxic macrophages and also reduced T cell migration. CONCLUSION: In macrophages, overexpression of 15-LOX-2 results in increased secretion of CXCL10 and CCL2. Products released in response to increased 15-LOX-2 activation lead to increased expression of CD69, the T cell activation marker as well as increased T cell migration. Therefore, increased expression of 15-LOX-2 induced by hypoxia may participate in T cell recruitment in diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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| 4. |
- Hjelm, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Assay of antibiotic susceptibility of Chlamydia pneumoniae
- 1997
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. Supplementum. - 0300-8878 .- 1651-2502. ; 104, s. 13-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that treatment of Chlamydia pneumoniae infections is difficult. High doses and prolonged treatment is often needed to achieve clinical cure despite good in vitro effect of the drugs used. We here discuss different methodological problems in the determination of MIC and MBC values of C. pneumoniae. The length of the preincubation time and the lack of fluctuation of the antibiotic concentrations may affect the outcome of the currently used assay.
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| 5. |
- Hultén, Anna-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Positioning work related stress - GPs' reasoning about using the WSQ combined with feedback at consultation
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Family Practice. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2296. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background General practitioners (GPs) regularly handle cases related to stress and work capacity, but often find this work difficult. However, using an assessment tool in a structured way can increase GPs' awareness of the risk for sick leave and need of referrals to preventive measures. Today there is no established methodical practice for this in primary health care. The aim of this study was to explore GPs' reasoning about using the Work Stress Questionnaire combined with feedback at consultation as an early intervention to reduce sick leave. Methods A focus group study was performed with 23 GPs at six primary health care centres. The discussions were analysed based on a method by Krueger. Results Three themes emerged.Positioning work-related stressdescribes the need to make fundamental standpoints on stress and how it should be handled, to make sense of their work concerning work-related stress.Making use of resourcesfocuses on GPs performing to the best of their ability using assigned resources to treat patients with stress-related ill health, even if the resources were perceived as insufficient.Practising daily workfocuses on the GPs' regular and preferred way of working set against the degree of intrusion and benefits. The two related themes making use of resources and practising daily work were mirrored through the third theme, positioning work-related stress, to form an understanding of how GPs should work with patients perceiving work-related stress. Conclusions The GPs own competence and tools, those of other professionals and the time allocated were seen as important when treating patients perceiving ill health due to work-related stress. When resources were insufficient though, the GPs questioned their responsibility for these patients. The results also indicate that the GPs viewed their ordinary consultative way of working as sufficient to identify these patients. The intervention was therefore not seen as useful for early treatment of patients at risk of sick leave due to work-related stress. However, prevention is an important part of the PHC's responsibility, and strategies concerning stress-related ill health therefore need to be more thoroughly formulated and incorporated.
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| 6. |
- Hultén, Anna-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported sick leave following a brief preventive intervention on work-related stress : A randomised controlled trial in primary health care
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 11:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief intervention about early identification of work-related stress combined with feedback at consultation with a general practitioner (GP) on the number of self-reported sick leave days. Design Randomised controlled trial. Prospective analyses of self-reported sick leave data collected between November 2015 and January 2017. Setting Seven primary healthcare centres in western Sweden. Participants The study included 271 employed, non-sick-listed patients aged 18-64 years seeking care for mental and/or physical health complaints. Of these, 132 patients were allocated to intervention and 139 patients to control. Interventions The intervention group received a brief intervention about work-related stress, including training for GPs, screening of patients' work-related stress, feedback to patients on screening results and discussion of measures at GP consultation. The control group received treatment as usual. Outcome measures The number of self-reported gross sick leave days and the number of self-reported net sick leave days, thereby also considering part-time sick leave. Results At 6 months' follow-up, 220/271 (81%) participants were assessed, while at 12 months' follow-up, 241/271 (89%) participants were assessed. At 6-month follow-up, 59/105 (56%) in the intervention group and 61/115 (53%) in the control group reported no sick leave. At 12-month follow-up, the corresponding numbers were 61/119 (51%) and 57/122 (47%), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention group and the control group in the median number of self-reported gross sick leave days and the median number of self-reported net sick leave days. Conclusions The brief intervention showed no effect on the numbers of self-reported sick leave days for patients seeking care at the primary healthcare centres. Other actions and new types of interventions need to be explored to address patients' perceiving of ill health due to work-related stress.
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| 7. |
- Hultén, Anna-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Work-related stress and future sick leave in a working population seeking care at primary health care centres : a prospective longitudinal study using the WSQ
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studying the relationship between work-related stress and sick leave is valuable in identifying and assessing employees at risk of sick leave, but also in developing interventions and taking actions for workers’ health. The overall aim of this study was to analyse the association between work-related stress, measured with the work stress questionnaire (WSQ), and registered sick leave in a working population seeking care at primary health care centres in Sweden. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was performed with 232 employed patients aged 18–64 years seeking care for mental and/or physical health complaints at seven primary health care centres. Bivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for educational level, occupational class and marital status was performed using questionnaire data on work-related stress and sociodemographic factors collected between May 2015 until January 2016 together with registered sick leave data from a national database. Results: High stress due to indistinct organization and conflicts was reported by 21% (n = 49), while 45% (n = 105) reported high stress due to individual demands and commitment. Thirty-six percent were on sick leave for 15 days or more during 12 months after baseline. The odds of being on registered sick leave during this period was approximately twice as high for patients perceiving high stress due to indistinct organization and conflicts (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.18;4.26), high stress due to individual demands and commitment (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.28;3.82), low influence at work (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.20;3.57), or high interference between work and leisure time (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.27;3.80). Perceiving high stress due to both indistinct organization and conflicts as well as individual demands and commitment quadrupled the odds of sick leave, OR 4.15 (95% CI 1.84; 9.38). Conclusions: Work-related stress and sick leave were prevalent among the patients. Perceiving one or more of the work-related stressors and stress increased the odds of registered sick leave between two to four times. Hence, to capture the dynamic interaction between the individual and the work environment, a wide spectrum of factors must be considered. In addition, primary health care could be a suitable arena for preventing sick leave due to work-related stress. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT02480855. Registered 20 May 2015.
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| 8. |
- Hultén, Anna-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Work-related stress, reason for consultation and diagnosis-specific sick leave : How do they add up?
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Work-related stress is common in Western society and disorders associated with stress are often managed in primary health care. This study was set to increase the understanding of the relationship between reason for consultation, work-related stress and diagnosis-specific sick leave for primary health care patients. The longitudinal observational study included 232 employed non-sick listed patients at seven primary health care centres in Sweden. Of these patients, 102 reported high work-related stress, as measured with the Work Stress Questionnaire, and 84 were on registered sick leave within one year after inclusion. The study showed that, compared to those who did not report high work-related stress, highly stressed patients more often sought care for mental symptoms (60/102 versus 24/130), sleep disturbance (37/102 versus 22/130) and fatigue (41/102 versus 34/130). The risk for sick leave with a mental diagnosis within a year after base-line was higher among patients reporting high work-related stress than among those who did not (RR 2.97, 95% CI 1.59;5.55). No such association was however found for the risk of sick leave with a musculoskeletal diagnosis (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.22;1.37). Seeking care for mental symptoms, sleep disturbance and fatigue were associated with having a future mental sick leave diagnosis (p-values < 0.001), while seeking care for musculoskeletal symptoms was associated with having a future musculoskeletal sick leave diagnosis (p-value 0.009). In summary, compared to those who did not report high work-related stress, patients with high work-related stress more often sought care for mental symptoms, sleep disturbance and fatigue which lead to a mental sick leave diagnosis. Reporting high work-related stress was, however, not linked to having sought care for musculoskeletal symptoms nor future sick leave due to a musculoskeletal diagnosis. Hence, both patients and general practitioners seem to characterize work-related stress as a mental complaint.
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