| 1. |
- Bazsefidpay, Nikoo, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Antibiotic prescription in bone augmentation and dental implant procedures : a multi-center study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Oral Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6831. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Adherence to antibiotic recommendations and safety aspects of restrictive use are important components when combating antibiotic resistance. The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of national guidelines on antibiotic prescriptions for bone augmentation procedures among dentists working at three specialized clinics. The secondary aim was to assess the occurrence of postoperative infections.METHODS: Medical charts of 400 patients treated with bone augmentation were reviewed: 200 in the years 2010-2011 and 200 in 2014-2015. The Swedish national recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis were published in 2012.RESULTS: There was a wide variation in antibiotic regiments prescribed throughout the study. The number of patients treated with antibiotic prophylaxis in a single dose of 2 g amoxicillin, and treated as advocated in the national recommendations, was low and decreasing between the two time periods from 25% (n = 50/200) in 2010-2011 to 18.5% (n = 37/200) in 2014-2015. The number of patients not given any antibiotics either as a prophylactic single dose or during the postoperative phase increased (P < 0.001). The administration of a 3-7-days antibiotic prescription increased significantly from 25.5% in 2010-2011 to 35% in 2014-2015. The postoperative infection rates (4.5% and 6.5%) were without difference between the studied periods. Smoking and omitted antibiotic prophylaxis significantly increased the risk of postoperative infection. Logistic regression analyses showed that patient male gender and suffering from a disease were predictive factors for the clinician to adhere to the guidelines.CONCLUSIONS: After introduction of national recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis before bone augmentation procedures, the patient group receiving a single preoperative dose decreased while the group not given antibiotic prophylaxis increased. There was no difference in occurrence of postoperative infections between the two time periods. The results indicate a need for educational efforts and strategies for implementation of antibiotic prudence and awareness among surgeons performing bone augmentation procedures.
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| 2. |
- Brander, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple Genetic Loci Associated with Pug Dog Thoracolumbar Myelopathy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Genes. - : MDPI. - 2073-4425. ; 14:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pug dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy (PDM) present with a specific clinical phenotype that includes progressive pelvic limb ataxia and paresis, commonly accompanied by incontinence. Vertebral column malformations and lesions, excessive scar tissue of the meninges, and central nervous system inflammation have been described. PDM has a late onset and affects more male than female dogs. The breed-specific presentation of the disorder suggests that genetic risk factors are involved in the disease development. To perform a genome-wide search for PDM-associated loci, we applied a Bayesian model adapted for mapping complex traits (BayesR) and a cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity test (XP-EHH) in 51 affected and 38 control pugs. Nineteen associated loci (harboring 67 genes in total, including 34 potential candidate genes) and three candidate regions under selection (with four genes within or next to the signal) were identified. The multiple candidate genes identified have implicated functions in bone homeostasis, fibrotic scar tissue, inflammatory responses, or the formation, regulation, and differentiation of cartilage, suggesting the potential relevance of these processes to the pathogenesis of PDM.
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| 3. |
- Dillner, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and risk of past or future sick leave
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extent that antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 may protect against future virus-associated disease is unknown. We invited all employees (n=15,300) at work at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden to participate in a study examining SARS-Cov-2 antibodies in relation to registered sick leave. For consenting 12,928 healthy hospital employees antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 could be determined and compared to participant sick leave records. Subjects with viral serum antibodies were not at excess risk for future sick leave (adjusted odds ratio (OR) controlling for age and sex: 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) (0.85 (0.43-1.68)]. By contrast, subjects with antibodies had an excess risk for sick leave in the weeks prior to testing [adjusted OR in multivariate analysis: 3.34 (2.98-3.74)]. Thus, presence of viral antibodies marks past disease and protection against excess risk of future disease. Knowledge of whether exposed subjects have had disease in the past or are at risk for future disease is essential for planning of control measures.Trial registration: First registered on 02/06/20, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04411576.
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| 4. |
- Galanti, Maria Rosaria, et al.
(författare)
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School environment and mental health in early adolescence - a longitudinal study in Sweden (KUPOL)
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Longitudinal studies indicate strong associations between school proficiency and indicators of mental health throughout adulthood, but the mechanisms of such associations are not fully elucidated. The Kupol study is a prospective cohort study in Sweden set up in order to: (i) describe the association of school pedagogic and social environment and its specific dimensions with the risk of mental ill-health and psychiatric disorders in adolescence; (ii) evaluate the direct effects of school pedagogic and social environment on mental health and the effects mediated by the individual's academic achievements; and (iii) assess if school pedagogic and social environment are associated with mental ill-health through epigenetic mechanisms, in particular those involving genes regulating the response to stress.Methods: The Kupol cohort at baseline consists of 3959 children attending the 7th grade of compulsory school (13-14 years old) in 8 regions of central Sweden in the school years 2013-2014 or 2014-2015. Three follow-up surveys in subsequent years are planned. Teachers' and students' perceptions of the culture, climate and ethos of their schools, and students' mental ill-health are assessed at the whole school level by annual questionnaire surveys. In order to conduct epigenetic analyses saliva specimens are collected from a nested sample of students at inception and two years later. Further, class-, family-and child-level information is collected at baseline and during each year of follow-up. Self-reported information is being complemented with register data via record-linkages to national and regional health and administrative registers.Discussion: The topic being investigated is new, and the sample constitutes the largest adolescent cohort in Sweden involved in an ad hoc study. Epigenetic analyses centered on environmental cues to stress response are a thoroughly new approach. Finally a notable feature is the multi-informant and multi-method data collection, with surveys at the school, class, family, and student level. Collaboration and data access: interested investigators should contact the coordinating centre. Additional information is available on the study's website, http://kupolstudien.se/.
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| 5. |
- Hultin, Cecilia
(författare)
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Estrogen receptor and multixenobiotic resistance genes in freshwater fish and snails: identification and expression analysis after pharmaceutical exposure
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Pharmaceuticals are today released into aquatic environments where they can interfere with organisms' biological processes.The general research objective was to analyze how aquatic freshwater organisms are affected by exposure to pharmaceuticals that are categorized by the EU as potential risk factors to the environment (i.e., 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) and diclofenac). The main aim of this thesis was to analyze the unkown mechanistic actions of EE2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as diclofenac) on estrogen receptor (er) genes or multixenobiotic resistance (mxr) genes in common freshwater snails and fish. I identified several new molecular EE2 targets in freshwater wildlife such as the estrogen receptor (er) gene in female Bithynia tentaculata, the er in Radix balthica, and the estrogen receptor (esr1, esr2a and esr2b) genes in Rutilus rutilus. I also identified new molecular NSAID targets in a PLHC-1 fish liver model such as the p-glycoprotein (pgp) gene and multidrug-resistant protein 2 (mrp2) gene (after combined exposure to diclofenac and naproxen). By profiling gene expression responses, I have added to the currently limited knowledge on the mechanistic activities of pharmaceutical compounds in exposed aquatic organisms.
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| 6. |
- Hultin, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of an estrogen receptor gene in the natural freshwater snail Bithynia tentaculata
- 2014
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Ingår i: Gene. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0038 .- 0378-1119. ; 540:1, s. 26-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mollusks have received increasing interest in ecotoxicological studies but so far the available scientific analyses of how their genes are affected by anthropogenic pollutants are scarce. The focus of this study is to identify an estrogen receptor (er) gene in the common prosobranch snail Bithynia tentaculata and to test a hypothesis that 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) will modulate er gene expression after short-term exposure. We set up exposure experiments with a total of 144 snails, which were collected from a natural population in southern Sweden. Snails were exposed to either 10 ng/L or 100 ng/L EE2 during 24 h and/or 72 h. From the isolated B. tentaculata RNA we successfully identified and characterized a novel er gene and phylogenetic analyses strongly indicate that the Bithynia er gene is an ortholog to the human ERα (ESR1, NR3A1). We found a significant interaction between EE2-dose and exposure duration on the er's gene expression (Two-way ANOVA; p = 0.04). We also found a significant difference in the gene expression of the er when comparing the control and 100 ng/L treatment groups after 72 h in female snails (One-way ANOVA; p = 0.047). The results from this study should be useful for future field-related studies of estrogen receptors in natural populations of mollusks.
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| 7. |
- Hultin, Cecilia L., et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen receptor genes in gastropods : phylogenetic divergence and gene expression responses to a synthetic estrogen
- 2016
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part - C: Toxicology and Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-0456. ; 189, s. 17-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have the potential to affect development and reproduction in gastropods. However, one is today lacking basic understanding of the Molluscan endocrine system and one can therefore not fully explain these EDC-induced affects. Furthermore, only a few genes that potentially may be connected to the endocrine system have been sequenced in gastropods. An example is the estrogen receptor gene (er) that have been identified in a restricted number of freshwater and marine gastropods. Here, we have identified a new partial coding sequence of an estrogen receptor gene (er) in the European common heterobranch Radix balthica. The following phylogenetic analysis divided the ers of heterobranchs and ceanogastropods in two branches. Furthermore, exposure to the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) showed that exposure could significantly affect er expression level in the heterobranch R. balthica. This paper is the first that phylogenetically compares gastropods' er, basal er expression profiles, and transcriptional estrogenic responses in gastropods from two different evolutionary groups.
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| 8. |
- Hultin Jäderlund, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Re-emergence of hereditary polyneuropathy in Scandinavian Alaskan malamute dogs-old enemy or new entity? A case series
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A homozygous mutation has been identified in the N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) in recent cases of polyneuropathy in Alaskan malamute dogs from the Nordic countries and USA. The objective of the present study was to determine if cases diagnosed 30-40 years ago with polyneuropathy in the Alaskan malamute breed in Norway had the same hereditary disease as the recent cases. Fourteen historical cases and 12 recently diagnosed Alaskan malamute dogs with hereditary polyneuropathy, and their parents and littermates (n = 88) were included in this study (total n = 114). After phenotyping of historical and recent cases, NDRG1 genotyping was performed using DNA extracted from archived material from five Norwegian dogs affected by the disease in the late 1970s and 1980s. In addition, pedigrees were analysed. Our study concluded that historical and recent phenotypic polyneuropathy cases were carrying the same NDRG1-mutation. The pedigree analysis showed that all affected Alaskan malamute cases with polyneuropathy could be traced back to one common ancestor of North American origin. By this study, a well-documented example of the silent transmission of recessive disease-causing alleles through many generations is provided, demonstrated by the re-emergence of a phenotypically and genetically uniform entity in the Scandinavian Alaskan malamute population.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lindgren, Cecilia, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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ADMA Levels and Arginine/ADMA Ratios Reflect Severity of Disease and Extent of Inflammation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neurocritical Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1541-6933 .- 1556-0961. ; 21:1, s. 91-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is characterized by an inflammatory response that might induce endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate if ADMA and arginine/ADMA ratios after SAH (indicators of endothelial dysfunction) are related to clinical parameters, inflammatory response, and outcome. Prospective observational study. ADMA, arginine, C-reactive protein (CRP), and cytokines were obtained 0-240 h (h) after SAH. Definition of severe clinical condition was Hunt&Hess (H&H) 3-5 and less severe clinical condition H&H 1-2. Impaired cerebral circulation was assessed by clinical examination, transcranial doppler, CT-scan, and angiography. Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) evaluated the outcome. Compared to admission, 0-48 h after SAH, the following was observed 49-240 h after SAH; (a) ADMA was significantly increased at 97-240 h (highest 217-240 h), (b) CRP was significantly increased at 49-240 h (highest 73-96 h), (c) interleukin-6 (IL-6) was significantly lower at 97-240 h (highest 49-96 h), p < 0.05. ADMA, CRP, and IL-6 were significantly lower and peak arginine/ADMA ratio was significantly higher in patients with H&H 1-2 compared to patients with H&H 3-5, p < 0.05. The peak ADMA or the nadir arginine/ADMA ratio did not differ significantly between patients with (55 %) or without (45 %) signs of impaired cerebral circulation. The peak ADMA or the nadir arginine/ADMA ratio did not differ significantly between patients with GOS 1-3 and patients with GOS 4-5. ADMA increased significantly after SAH, and the increase in ADMA started after the pro-inflammatory markers (CRP and IL-6) had peaked. This might indicate that endothelial dysfunction, with ADMA as a marker, is induced by a systemic inflammation.
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