| 1. |
- Caretta, Martina Angela, et al.
(författare)
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Water
- 2022
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Ingår i: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability : Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Irannezhad, M., et al.
(författare)
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Compound climate extreme events threaten migratory birds’ conservation in western U.S
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Horizons. - : Elsevier BV. - 2772-7378. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a warming world, more intense and frequent compound climate extreme events pose serious challenges to biodiversity and conservation on Earth as one of the 2030 United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs): “Life On Land” (SDG 15). In summer 2020, concurrent swelling wildfires and a sudden cold snap in the western U.S. killed a massive number of migratory birds. In August 2020, the hot and humid weather in response to the wildfire radiation and the oceanic evaporation could result in killing heat stress for migratory birds along the coastal shoreline, particularly in California. The heat and smoke of wildfires forced the migratory birds to abandon such feeding grounds towards inland regions, where water and food are naturally scarce, before being physiologically ready for their long-distance flyways. Then, a cold snap during 8–11 September in the Rocky Mountain states in the western U.S. urged those already weak migratory birds to fly southward before effectively recovering their physical and mental capabilities. This durable extreme starvation finally brought the skinny migrants low in the southwestern U.S. However, such ecological cascade effects of compound climate risks have rarely been acknowledged as a serious threat to migratory birds’ conservation in both scientific literature and ecosystems’ management practice. To improve our chances of saving birds’ biodiversity on Earth, hence, conscious policies and sustained efforts must immediately be arranged through SDG 13 (“Climate Actions”) based on scientific evidence and knowledge.
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| 3. |
- Irannezhad, M., et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of changes in climate and land cover-land use on flood characteristics in Gorganrood Watershed (Northeastern Iran) during recent decades
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler Series a-Physical Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0435-3676 .- 1468-0459. ; 100:4, s. 340-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated the effects of changes in climate and land cover-land use (LCLU) on flood intensity and frequency in the Gorganrood Watershed (GW) located in the northeast of Iran during recent decades. For this purpose, hydroclimatic (precipitation, temperature, and river discharge) time series recorded at nine stations placed in the GW during 1973-2014 were used. Flood characteristics in terms of mean, maximum and number of peaks at five discharge stations (Galikash, Gonbad, Huji Ghushan, Tamar, and Tangrah) sited in the outlet of GW sub-basins were determined applying the Peak-Over-Threshold (POT) method to daily specific discharges. This is designed to remove the effect of the different size of sub-basins. The whole study period was divided into three 14-years segments (1973-1986, 1987-2000 and 2001-2014) based on satellite LCLU maps produced for 1973, 1986, 2000 and 2014. In the GW and its sub-basins during recent decades, both flood intensity and frequency increased, the climate became wetter and warmer, and LCLU mostly converted from rangeland to farmland. The partial correlation analyses identified that flood frequency in GW was primarily connected to the LCLU conversions, but moderately to observed wetter and warmer climate. Similarly, the Tamar sub-basin experienced effects of LCLU and climate on the maximum and the number of peaks. In Haji Ghushan, wetter and warmer climate resulted in more intense and frequent floods. Increases in precipitation appear to have played the most important role in the higher flood frequency in Galikash.
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| 4. |
- Maccaferri, Nicolò, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasensitive and label-free molecular-level detection enabled by light phase control in magnetoplasmonic nanoantennas
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systems allowing label-free molecular detection are expected to have enormous impact on biochemical sciences. Research focuses on materials and technologies based on exploiting localized surface plasmon resonances in metallic nanostructures. The reason for this focused attention is their suitability for single-molecule sensing, arising from intrinsically nanoscopic sensing volume and the high sensitivity to the local environment. Here we propose an alternative route, which enables radically improved sensitivity compared with recently reported plasmon-based sensors. Such high sensitivity is achieved by exploiting the control of the phase of light in magnetoplasmonic nanoantennas. We demonstrate a manifold improvement of refractometric sensing figure-of-merit. Most remarkably, we show a raw surface sensitivity (that is, without applying fitting procedures) of two orders of magnitude higher than the current values reported for nanoplasmonic sensors. Such sensitivity corresponds to a mass of similar to 0.8 ag per nanoantenna of polyamide-6.6 (n = 1.51), which is representative for a large variety of polymers, peptides and proteins.
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| 5. |
- Irannezhad, M., et al.
(författare)
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Extreme precipitation variability across the Lancang-Mekong River Basin during 1952-2015 in relation to teleconnections and summer monsoons
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Climatology. - : Wiley. - 0899-8418 .- 1097-0088. ; 42:5, s. 2614-2638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Lancang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB) is home to similar to 70 million people whose life and livelihood are mostly dependent upon precipitation as the primary freshwater source. Hence, identifying potential oceanic-atmospheric drivers of regional precipitation variability is becoming increasingly important for the sustainable development of the LMRB. This study first investigated spatio-temporal variability and trends in extreme precipitation characteristics (in terms of intensity, frequency, and duration) throughout the LMRB during 1952-2015, using gauge-based gridded daily precipitation time series. Then, the associations between the historical extreme precipitation characteristics and seven teleconnection and five summer monsoon indices were explored. On the basin scale, no statistically significant (p < .05) trends were detected in annual extreme precipitation intensity, frequency, and duration indices. The number of wet days (R1mm) significantly increased in both the Mekong River Basin (MRB) and the Lancang River Basin (LRB), predominantly leading to longer wet spells in these two sub-basins. Spatially, the relatively high extreme precipitation intensity and frequency indices, as well as consecutive wet days (CWD), significantly increased in the south, east, and northwest of MRB, while decreased in the west of MRB and the north of LRB. The intensity and frequency of historical extreme precipitations over the LMRB were most significantly correlated with the East Asian Summer Monsoon Index, North Atlantic Oscillation, and East Pacific/North Pacific pattern. However, the wet/dry spells showed the strongest associations with the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation/the Southern Oscillation Index on the interannual/decadal time scales (3-4/8-15 years) during 1986-1999/1968-2002, respectively.
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| 6. |
- Irannezhad, M., et al.
(författare)
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Global Water Security: A Shining Star in the Dark Sky of Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Horizons. - : Elsevier BV. - 2772-7378. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has already triggered global health, economic, and social crises, clouding the sky of achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations (UN) in 2015 to improve human lives while protecting nature. Water, vital for all forms of life, is essential to public health and human well-being and smooth the path of ending poverty through food and energy security. Hence, we argued that global water security can serve as a shining star to guide policymakers through the overwhelming task of achieving the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, currently hindered by the coronavirus outbreak. To quickly attain global water security while taking the accelerators of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG6 “Clean Water and Sanitation ”) into account, this study proposed different water-related interventions. To successfully implement the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development after the coronavirus pandemic, we call for immediate and sustainable interventions to act rapidly towards achieving water security and SDG6 worldwide and support the constant battle against the ongoing fight with COVID-19 and prepare for possible future pandemics.
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| 7. |
- Irannezhad, M., et al.
(författare)
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Interannual variations and trends in surface air temperature in Finland in relation to atmospheric circulation patterns, 1961-2011
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Climatology. - : Wiley. - 0899-8418 .- 1097-0088. ; 35:10, s. 3078-3092
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Annual and seasonal variations in surface air temperature (SAT) during the period 1961–2011 were analysed using daily mean temperature data sets from regular grid points (10×10km2) throughout Finland. The Mann–Kendall nonparametric test was used to detect significant historical trends in SAT and Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) to test the relationships between SAT patterns and various atmospheric circulation patterns over the northern hemisphere. The results showed that mean annual SAT in Finland increased (p<0.05) by 0.4±0.2°C per decade during the study period and that the SAT was significantly (ρ=0.58, p<0.05) positively correlated with the Arctic Oscillation (AO) index. However, there were spatial differences within Finland for both the trends and relationships with the atmospheric circulation. Analysis of seasonal mean SAT identified significant (p<0.05) warming trends for both spring (by 0.4±0.2°C per decade) and summer (by 0.3±0.2°C per decade). Winter and spring mean SATs were most strongly (p<0.05) correlated with the AO index (ρ=0.72 and 0.42, respectively), while the most significant teleconnection pattern for mean SAT in summer was the East Atlantic (EA) pattern (ρ=0.43, p<0.05); and in autumn the EA/West Russia (WR) pattern (ρ=−0.59, p<0.05). These results provide a detailed spatial picture of climate warming in Finland in recent decades and reveal that interannual variation of the SAT in Finland is closely linked with a number of atmospheric circulation patterns, not just the AO and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Annual and cold-season SAT are mainly influenced by the AO and NAO, whereas the EA, EA/WR, Scandinavia (SCA) and West Pacific (WP) patterns play an important role for warm-season SAT.
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| 8. |
- Irannezhad, M., et al.
(författare)
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Variability in Dryness and Wetness in Central Finland and the Role of Teleconnection Patterns
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Theoretical and Applied Climatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0177-798X .- 1434-4483. ; 122:3-4, s. 471-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interannual variability in meteorological dryness and wetness in central Finland during the period 1959–2009 was analysed using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) on three timescales (annual, seasonal and monthly). For different time steps (12, 3 and 1 months) of SPI values (SPI12, SPI3 and SPI1), trends based on the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test and the most significant relationships with a number of climate teleconnection patterns based on Spearman correlation coefficient (rho) were determined. Analysis of the SPI values on different timescales showed a general decreasing trend in dryness and an increasing trend in wetness; only August showed an increasing trend in dryness. The longest wet period observed was 5 years (between 1988 and 1992), while the longest dry period was 4 years (in the mid-1960s). Wet conditions were more frequent than dry conditions and mainly occurred at extreme or moderate level. Typically, the extremely wet level was more frequent than the extremely dry level. The dry and wet conditions were negatively correlated with the East Atlantic/West Russia and Scandinavia teleconnection patterns and positively correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Maccaferri, N., et al.
(författare)
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Polarizability and magnetoplasmonic properties of magnetic general nanoellipsoids
- 2013
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087 .- 1094-4087. ; 21:8, s. 9875-9889
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An approach to compute the polarizability tensor of magnetic nanoparticles having general ellipsoidal shape is presented. We find a surprisingly excellent quantitative agreement between calculated and experimental magneto-optical spectra measured in the polar Kerr configuration from nickel nanodisks of large size (exceeding 100 nm) with circular and elliptical shape. In spite of its approximations and simplicity, the formalism presented here captures the essential physics of the interplay between magneto-optical activity and the plasmonic resonance of the individual particle. The results highlight the key role of the dynamic depolarization effects to account for the magneto-optical properties of plasmonic nanostructures.
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