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- Teli, Despoina, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Do the constants used in adaptive comfort algorithms reflect the observed responses of children in junior school classrooms?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 8th Windsor Conference: Counting the Cost of Comfort in a changing world. - 9780992895709
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper compares the values used for the Griffiths constant (G=0.5) and the running mean constant (α=0.8) in adaptive comfort algorithms with the values calculated from thermal comfort field surveys in two naturally ventilated junior schools in Southampton, UK. The surveys were conducted outside the heating season in 2011 and 2012 respectively, including both questionnaire surveys and environmental monitoring. A total of 2693 pupil responses were used for this analysis. The data was examined in two steps: first, each survey set; obtained over a 1-day visit to the school; was examined in order to derive the relationship between indoor temperature change and comfort vote with minimum impact of adaptation. Second, the dataset was investigated for the prolonged periods of the surveys, in relation to weather experienced by the pupils in order to estimate their time for adaptation to outdoor temperature changes. The paper gives an insight into the response of pupils to internal and external temperature changes, immediate and over prolonged periods, in comparison to adults.
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| 3. |
- Teli, Despoina, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the principal adaptive comfort relationships for young children
- 2015
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Ingår i: Building Research and Information. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-4321 .- 0961-3218. ; 43:3, s. 371-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2015 Taylor & Francis. Thermal comfort surveys in school classrooms suggest that children have different thermal preferences to adults. This implies a need to revisit the current adult-based thermal comfort models. This paper investigates the principal adaptive comfort relationships that form the basis of adaptive comfort theory, using 2693 pupil thermal sensation responses and measured classroom temperatures from surveys in two naturally ventilated school buildings. The data were examined in two steps. Firstly, each survey set, obtained over one-day visits to the schools, was examined in order to derive the relationship between indoor temperature change and comfort vote with minimum impact of adaptation. Secondly, the data set was investigated over the entire survey period in relation to the weather experienced by the pupils in order to estimate their time for adaptation to outdoor temperature changes. The analysis shows that the basic adaptive comfort relationships are valid for children. However, a difference was found for the correlation coefficients of the comfort temperature to the outdoor running mean temperature between the schools, and a mismatch between their adaptive comfort equations. It is proposed that the difference in the consistency of the weather during the tests is the main reason for this discrepancy.
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| 4. |
- Teli, Despoina, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Naturally ventilated classrooms: An assessment of existing comfort models for predicting the thermal sensation and preference of primary school children
- 2012
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788. ; 53, s. 166-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current thermal comfort models are based on studies with adult subjects, mainly in offices. There is no assurance however that these models apply to children. This paper presents findings from thermal comfort surveys and measurements of indoor environmental variables in naturally ventilated classrooms in Hampshire, England. School children aged 7-11 were surveyed regarding their thermal sensation and preference in repeated survey runs outside the heating season, gathering about 1300 responses in total. The results were compared to predictions achieved with the two common approaches used in existing comfort standards, the heat balance and the adaptive comfort model. The heat balance model indices PMV (predicted mean vote) and PPD (predicted percentage of dissatisfied) were calculated for the survey periods, using the measured physical parameters, estimated values for clothing insulation and four different approaches for determining the metabolic rate. The applicability of the adaptive comfort model was investigated by comparing the comfort temperature equation derived from the survey with the equation used in the European Standard EN 15251. The results suggest that children are more sensitive to higher temperatures than adults with the comfort temperatures being about 4 °C and 2 °C lower than the PMV and the EN 15251 adaptive comfort model predictions respectively. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
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| 5. |
- Teli, Despoina, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Overheating risk evaluation of school classrooms
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of World Renewable Energy Congress 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a pilot study which considers the overheating risk of classrooms in school buildings. Four schools in Southampton in the South of the UK, constructed during the period of the 1950s- 1980s were used as case study examples. The schools were studied in terms of the parameters or the combination of parameters that may drive classroom overheating. Topographic features, built-up area, urban density, adjacency to roads and parks and other characteristics such as building form and materials were assessed, looking at the urban, building and classroom scale. In addition to this a questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the teachers’ perception of their classrooms’ thermal environment. The survey responses are discussed and compared to the outcomes of the school parameter analysis, also considering the limitations of the survey approach. It was found that gaining an understanding of the occupants’ perception of the thermal conditions in a school’s classrooms is essential for developing recommendations for addressing overheating. The study appears to indicate that individual perception of overheating may outweigh the objective influence of urban design and construction parameters on the indoor thermal conditions.
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| 6. |
- Teli, Despoina, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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The role of a building's thermal properties on pupils' thermal comfort in junior school classrooms as determined in field studies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323. ; 82, s. 640-654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. Recent thermal comfort research in a light-weight junior school building showed that children were more sensitive to higher temperatures than adults and subsequently that current thermal comfort standards were not appropriate for the assessment of their thermal environment. This paper presents a comparison of these survey results to those from a survey conducted in a medium-weight school building, in order to evaluate the role of the construction type on the results. Both surveys followed the same methodology, including thermal comfort questionnaires and measurements of indoor environmental variables. A total of 2990 responses were gathered. The buildings had an average difference in air temperature of 2.7°C during occupied hours in the period of investigation (June and July 2012), with the medium-weight building being cooler than the light-weight building. However, the different construction type and the cooler overall thermal environment in the medium-weight school building had little impact on the pupils' overall thermal sensitivity. The comparison showed a general agreement on the pupils' warm thermal sensation trends, interpersonal variation and undeveloped adaptive behaviour. The results further support the finding that current thermal comfort criteria lead to an underestimation of pupils' thermal sensation during summer.
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| 7. |
- Teli, Despoina, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated primary school classrooms
- 2013
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Ingår i: Building Research and Information. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-4321 .- 0961-3218. ; 41:3, s. 301-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An investigation is presented of children-s thermal sensation trends and their perception of overall comfort and tiredness in school classrooms. Findings are reported from a field survey in a naturally ventilated primary school in Southampton, UK, which included thermal comfort surveys and simultaneous measurements of indoor environmental variables. Approximately 230 pupils aged 7-11 years were surveyed from April to July 2011. During this period of the summer term, there was no heating in the school. The results are compared with findings from other studies in schools and from studies with adults in offices. The results reveal a tendency of pupils towards warm thermal sensations which paradoxically is not complemented by an equally strong preference for cooler environments. There was no difference in the thermal sensation responses in terms of gender, but boys generally preferred cooler environments at high temperatures than girls. Overall, the results indicate that children in a classroom have a different thermal perception compared with adults, suggesting that current adult-based comfort standards may not apply to school children. The study shows that adjustments may be required to current comfort criteria in order to address the thermal perception of children. More child-centred research is needed to address pupils- thermal requirements under current and future climates. © 2013 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
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