| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Callesen, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
-
Recycling Nutrients and Reducing Carbon Emissions in the Baltic Sea Region—Sustainable or Economically Infeasible?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Environmental Management. - : Springer. - 0364-152X .- 1432-1009. ; 69:1, s. 213-225
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecotechnologies have the potential to reduce the use of finite resources while providing a variety of co-benefits to society, though they often lack in market competitiveness. In this study, we investigate the sustainability of ecotechnologies for recovering carbon and nutrients, and demonstrate how a so-called “bottom-up” approach can serve as a decision-making instrument. Based on three case study catchments with a focus on domestic wastewater in Sweden and Poland, and on manure, grass and blackwater substrates in Finland, we apply a cost–benefit analysis (CBA) on system alternatives derived from a participatory process. After drawing on an initial systematic mapping of relevant ecotechnologies, the scope of the CBA is determined by stakeholder suggestions, namely in terms of the considered assessment criteria, the physical impacts and the utilised data. Thus, this CBA is rooted in a localised consideration of ecotechnologies rather than a centralised governmental approach to systems boundaries. The key advantage of applying such a bottom-up approach is that it has gone through a robust participatory selection process by local stakeholders, which provides more legitimacy to the decisions reached compared with traditional feasibility studies. Despite considering the revenues of the recovered products as well as the provision of the non-market goods CO2 mitigation and reduced eutrophication, findings from this study indicate that the benefits of the considered ecotechnologies are often outweighed by their costs. Only anaerobic digestion of agricultural wastes appears to be economically feasible under the current conditions, highlighting that further efforts and incentives may be required to mainstream ecotechnologies. © 2021, The Author(s),
|
|
| 3. |
- Garoarsdottir, Helga Run, et al.
(författare)
-
Árangur kransæðahjáveituaðgerða hjá konum á Íslandi
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Laeknabladid. - : LAEKNAFELAG ISLANDS-ICELANDIC MEDICAL ASSOC. - 0023-7213 .- 1670-4959. ; 104:7-8, s. 335-340
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- InngangurMarkmið þessarar rannsóknar var að bera saman árangur kransæða-hjáveituaðgerða hjá konum og körlum á Íslandi með áherslu á snemm- og síðkomna fylgikvilla, 30 daga dánartíðni og langtímalifun.Efniviður og aðferðirAfturskyggn rannsókn á öllum sjúklingum sem gengust undir kransæðahjáveituaðgerð á Íslandi á árunum 2001-2013. Upplýsingar fengust úr sjúkraskrám og Dánarmeinaskrá Embættis landlæknis. Fylgikvillum var skipt í snemm- og síðkomna fylgikvilla og heildarlif-un reiknuð með aðferð Kaplan-Meier. Fjölþátta aðhvarfsgreining var notuð til að meta forspárþætti dauða innan 30 daga og Cox aðhvarfs-greining til að meta forspárþætti verri langtímalifunar. Meðaleftirfylgd var 6,8 ár. NiðurstöðurAf 1755 sjúklingum voru 318 konur (18%). Meðalaldur þeirra var fjórum árum hærri en karla (69 ár á móti 65 árum, p<0,001), þær höfðu oftar sögu um háþrýsting (72% á móti 64%, p=0,009) og EuroSCOREst þeirra var hærra (6,1 á móti 4,3, p<0,001). Hlutfall annarra áhættu-þátta eins og sykursýki var hins vegar sambærilegt, líkt og útbreiðsla kransæðasjúkdóms. Alls létust 12 konur (4%) og 30 karlar (2%) innan 30 daga frá aðgerð en munurinn var ekki marktækur (p=0,08). Tíðni snemmkominna fylgikvilla, bæði minniháttar (53% á móti 48% p=0,07) og alvarlegra (13% á móti 11%, p=0,2), var sambærileg. Fimm árum frá aðgerð var lifun kvenna 87% borin saman við 90% hjá körlum (p=0,09). Þá var tíðni síðkominna fylgikvilla sambærileg hjá konum og körlum 5 árum frá aðgerð (21% á móti 19%, p=0,3). Kvenkyn reyndist hvorki sjálfstæður forspárþáttur 30 daga dánartíðni (OR 0,99; 95%-ÖB: 0,97-1,01) né verri lifunar (HR 1,08; 95%-ÖB: 0,82-1,42).Ályktun Mun færri konur en karlar gangast undir kransæðahjáveituaðgerð á Íslandi og eru þær fjórum árum eldri þegar kemur að aðgerð. Árangur kransæðahjáveitu er góður hjá konum líkt og körlum, en 5 árum eftir aðgerð eru 87% kvenna á lífi.
|
|
| 4. |
- Haddaway, Neal, et al.
(författare)
-
What ecotechnologies exist for recycling carbon and nutrients from domestic wastewater? : A systematic map protocol 09 Engineering 0907 Environmental Engineering
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pollution of the Baltic Sea continues to be a problem. Major terrestrial sources of nutrient emissions to the Baltic Sea are agriculture and wastewater, both major causes of eutrophication. Wastewater contains nutrients and organic matter that could constitute valuable products such as agricultural fertilizers and source of energy. With the EU's action plan for circular economy, waste management and resource utilization is central. Thus the integration of resource recovery to wastewater management could create benefits beyond the wastewater sector. There is a growing interest in resource recovery from wastewater. However, there is no systematic overview of the literature on technologies to recover nutrients and carbon from wastewater sources done to date. Methods: This systematic map will identify a representative list of studies on ecotechnologies for reusing carbon and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from domestic wastewater, which includes e.g. sewage sludge and wastewater fractions. Searches will be performed in five bibliographic databases, one search engine and 38 specialist websites. Searches will mainly be performed in English, search for literature in specialist websites will also include Finnish, Polish and Swedish. Coding and meta-data extraction will include information on ecotechnology name and short description, reuse outcome (i.e. reuse of carbon, nitrogen and/or phosphorus), type of reuse (i.e. whether it is explicit or implicit), study country and location, latitude and longitude. All screening and coding will be done after initial consistency checking. The outcomes of this systematic map will be a searchable database of coded studies. Findings will be presented in a geo-informational system (i.e. an evidence atlas) and knowledge gaps and clusters will be visualised via heat maps.
|
|
| 5. |
- Harder, Robin, et al.
(författare)
-
Egestabase – An online evidence platform to discover and explore options to recover plant nutrients from human excreta and domestic wastewater for reuse in agriculture
- 2024
-
Ingår i: MethodsX. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 1258-780X .- 2215-0161. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Restoring nutrient circularity across scales is important for ecosystem integrity as well as nutrient and food security. As such, research and development of technologies to recover plant nutrients from various organic residues has intensified. Yet, this emerging field is diverse and difficult to navigate, especially for newcomers. As an increasing number of actors search for circular solutions to nutrient management, there is a need to simplify access to the latest knowledge. Since the majority of nutrients entering urban areas end up in human excreta, we have chosen to focus on human excreta and domestic wastewater. Through systematic mapping with stakeholder engagement, we compiled and consolidated available evidence from research and practice. In this paper, we present ‘Egestabase’ – a carefully curated open-access online evidence platform that presents this evidence base in a systematic and accessible manner. We hope that this online evidence platform helps a variety of actors to navigate evidence on circular nutrient solutions for human excreta and domestic wastewater with ease and keep track of new findings.
|
|
| 6. |
- Hedström, Annelie, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Erfarenheter av LTA-system
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur ser va-branschens erfarenheter av lättryckavloppsystemut? I rapporten presenteras utmaningar och framgångsfaktorerkopplade till dessa LTA-system. Om systemen anläggsoch används på rätt sätt kan de vara ett bra alternativ tillkonventionella självfallssystem, men frågor kring svavelväteoch livscykelkostnader behöver redas ut för att säkerställasystemens långsiktiga hållbarhet.Lättryckavloppssystem (LTA-system) används ofta som alternativ till självfallssystemi omvandlingsområden och där va-huvudmännens verksamhetsområden utvidgas.Under de senaste 20 åren har användningen av LTA-system ökat kraftigt, och i dag ärutbyggnadstakten mycket stor i vissa delar av landet. LTA-system är enklare att anläggai områden med utmanande topografi och markförhållanden, och ledningsgravarnakan göras relativt grunda så att schaktningsbehovet blir mindre än för konventionellasjälvfallsledningar.Genom bättre förståelse för LTA-system finns det stora möjligheter för det svenskava-kollektivet att minska sina investerings- och driftkostnader vid utvidgning av verksamhetsområden, sannolikt med hundratals miljoner kronor de närmaste 20 åren dåbranschen står inför stora investeringar. För att möjliggöra besparingarna behövs deten tydlig helhetsbild av LTA-system och av alla de erfarenheter och den kunskap somfinns. Vilka är framgångsfaktorerna för att lyckas med LTA-system och vad bör mansom va-huvudman akta sig för?Många va-huvudmän har lång erfarenhet av att förvalta LTA-system, medan andraupplever att de behöver mer och bättre underlag innan de kan känna sig trygga attanlägga och förvalta en ny typ av system. Projektet har sammanställt de erfarenhetersom va-huvudmän har av LTA-system. Man har gått igenom litteratur och juridisk praxiskring LTA-system i Sverige, samt genomfört en workshop, en enkät och intervjuer föratt inhämta branschens erfarenheter av LTA i planerings-, bygg- och driftskedena. Vilkautmaningar ser branschen med systemen och var finns det kunskapsluckor? Underprojektets genomförande visade det sig att va-huvudmännen har mycket att lära avvarandra och att erfarenhetsutbyte är viktigt.Resultaten visar att det är viktigt med god planering och anpassning till lokala förhållanden för att lyckas med LTA. Svavelvätebildning är en stor och svårhanterlig fråga.Problemen uppkommer delvis på grund av att det är svårt att planera och dimensionerakorrekt. Ansvarsfrågorna regleras visserligen i lagstiftning men upplevs ändå som svårnavigerade. Det beror på att vissa delar av LTA-systemet är brukarens ansvar och andradelar är va-huvudmannens. Goda relationer mellan fastighetsägare och va-huvudmänär en framgångsfaktor för att säkerställa god funktion hos systemen över tid eftersomLTA ställer högre krav på brukaren än självfallssystemen gör.Frågor som behöver hanteras i fortsättningen är bland annat svavelvätebildning ochsystemens långsiktiga kostnader. Svavelväte är ett stort problem, och samma lösningför att minska svavelväte ger olika resultat på olika platser. Branschen behöver merkunskap och riktlinjer för hur man bäst undviker och avhjälper problemen. De långsiktiga kostnaderna för LTA är oklara och svåra att uppskatta korrekt och planera för. Desamlade livscykelkostnaderna för anläggning, drift och underhåll saknas, och underlagbehöver sammanställas för att man ska kunna ta bättre beslut och skapa mer effektivadriftorganisationer.
|
|
| 7. |
- Heimisdottir, Alexandra A., et al.
(författare)
-
Use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors is not associated with increased bleeding after CABG
- 2020
-
Ingår i: General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. - : SPRINGER JAPAN KK. - 1863-6705 .- 1863-6713. ; 68:11, s. 1312-1318
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants worldwide. Studies suggest that SSRI/SNRIs can increase bleeding following different surgical procedures, including open heart surgery, but results are conflicting. The objective of this study was to analyse their effects on bleeding after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods Of 1237 patients that underwent CABG in Iceland in 2007-2016, 97 (7.8%) used SSRIs/SNRIs preoperatively and were compared to a reference group (n = 1140). Bleeding was assessed using 24-h chest-tube output, number of RBC units transfused and reoperation for bleeding. Thirty-day mortality rates and incidence of complications were also compared. Results The two groups were comparable with respect to preoperative and operative variables, with the exception of BMI being significantly higher in the SSRI/SNRI group (30.2 vs. 28.3 kg/m(2), p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between groups in 24-h chest-tube output [815 (SSRI/SNRI) vs. 877 ml (reference), p = 0.26], number of RBC units transfused (2.2 vs. 2.2, p = 0.99) or the rate of reoperation for bleeding (4.1% vs. 6.0%, p = 0.61). The incidences of complications and 30-day mortality rate were also similar. Conclusions Using three different criteria, preoperative use of SSRIs/SNRIs was not shown to increase bleeding after CABG. Furthermore, short-term complications as well as 30-day mortality rates did not differ from those of controls. Thus, temporary cessation of SSRI/SNRI treatment prior to CABG to decrease the risk of bleeding is unwarranted.
|
|
| 8. |
- Johannesdottir, Hera, et al.
(författare)
-
Favourable long-term outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting in a nationwide cohort
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 51:6, s. 327-333
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. In a nationwide cohort, we analyzed long-term outcome following coronary artery bypass grafting, using the combined strategy of left internal mammary artery to the left anterior descending artery and saphenous vein as secondary graft to other coronary targets. Methods. 1,507 consecutive patients that underwent myocardial revascularization during 2001-2012 in Iceland. Mean follow-up was 6.8 years. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were depicted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox-regression was used to define risk factors. Relative survival was estimated by comparing overall survival to the survival of Icelanders of the same age and gender. Results. Mean age was 66 years, 83% were males, mean EuroSCOREst was 4.5, and 23% of the procedures were performed off-pump. At 5 years, 19.7% had suffered a major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event, 4.5% a stroke, 2.2% myocardial infarction, and 6.2% needed repeat revascularization. Overall 5-year survival was 89.9%, with a relative survival of 0.990. Independent predictors of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were left ventricular ejection fraction 30%, a previous history of percutaneous coronary intervention, chronic obstructive lung disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and old age. The same variables and an earlier year of operation were predictors of long-term mortality. Conclusions. The long-term outcome following myocardial revascularization, using the left internal mammary artery and the great saphenous vein as conduits, is favourable and improving. This is reflected by the 5-year survival of 89.9%, deviating minimally from the survival rate of the general Icelandic population, together with a freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events of 80.3%.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
